Potential Controls on Trends in Background Concentrations of Hg in the Northeastern US
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Potential Controls on Trends in Background Concentrations of
Hg in the Northeastern US
Huiting MaoDepartment of Chemistry
State University of New YorkCollege of Environmental Science and Forestry
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Thompson Farm – TF, Durham, NH, sea levelPack Monadnock – PM, Pack Monadnock, NH, 700 aslHuntington Wildlife Forest – HWF, Adirondacks, NY, 510 m asl
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10
Hg
o A
no
ma
ly (pp
qv)
-40
-20
0
20
40
1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10
Hg
O
An
om
aly (p
pq
v)
-40
-20
0
20
40Thompson Farm
Pack Monadnock
Huntington
1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11 1/1/12 1/1/13 1/1/14
25
th p
erce
ntile
an
om
aly H
go
(pp
qv)-50
0
50
100
3.8±0.9 ppqv yr-1 Mace Head: 3.1±1.1 ppqv yr-1 Ebinghaus et al. (2011)
Cape Point South Africa3.8±0.6 ppqv yr-1, Slemr et al. (2011)
Canadian mid-latitude sites ~2.6 – 3.9 ppqv yr-1 Cole et al. (2013)
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Pack Monadnock
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rate
of C
ha
ng
e (p
pq
v yr-1
)
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Thompson Farm
Huntington
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rate o
f Ch
an
ge (p
pq
v yr-1
)
-20
-10
0
10
20
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rate o
f Ch
ang
e (pp
qv yr
-1)
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
• In colder months the trends were more associated with anthropogenic emission reductions;
• In warmer months other sources/sinks and processes became more significant and even predominant.
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
1/1/06 7/1/06 1/1/07 7/1/07 1/1/08 7/1/08 1/1/09 7/1/09 1/1/10 7/1/10
Hg
o (p
pq
v)
100
150
200
250 HWFTFPMHWFTFPM
HWF: -1.8 ± 3.4 ppqv yr-1
TF: -0.8 ± 1.9 ppqv yr-1
PM: -3.6 ± 1.4 ppqv mon-1
For the overlapping period February 2006 – August 2010
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Hg0 MMAs corresponding to 75th percentile CO mixing ratios at TF and PM
1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
ma
ly (pp
qv)
-40
-20
0
20
40 a) TF
1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
maly (p
pq
v)
-40
-20
0
20
40 b) PM
1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11 1/1/12 1/1/13 1/1/14
95th percentile an
oma
ly Hg
o (pp
qv)
-100
0
100
200
300 c) HWF95th percentile Hg0 MMAs at HWF
4.8±0.7 ppqv yr-1
2.0±0.8 ppqv yr-1
3.5±1.3 ppqv yr-1
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
Figure 6.
PM GEM in Polluted Air Masses (CO>75th percentile)
TF (CO> 75th percentile)
HWF (95th percentile)
For TF, other sources/processes in warmer months could overtake anthropogenic influence.
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10
Hg
o A
no
ma
ly (pp
qv)
-40
-20
0
20
40
1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10
Hg
O
An
om
aly (p
pq
v)
-40
-20
0
20
40Thompson Farm
Pack Monadnock
Huntington
1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11 1/1/12 1/1/13 1/1/14
25
th p
erce
ntile
an
om
aly H
go
(pp
qv)
-50
0
50
100
Background Concentrations
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
maly (p
pq
v)
-20
0
20
40
60a) TF
1/1/06 7/1/06 1/1/07 7/1/07 1/1/08 7/1/08 1/1/09 7/1/09 1/1/10 7/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
maly (p
pq
v)
-100
0
100
200
300
400c) HWF
1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11 H
go
An
om
aly (pp
qv)
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50b) PM
2.1 ± 0.6 ppqv yr-1
1.6 ± 0.6 ppqv yr-1
22 ±6 ppqv yr-1
Anthropogenic Contribution
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Earth Science & Climate Change, San Francisco, 28 -30 July 2014
1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
maly (p
pq
v)
-40
-20
0
20
40
Pre
cipita
tion
(mm
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
1/1/02 1/1/03 1/1/04 1/1/05 1/1/06 1/1/07 1/1/08 1/1/09 1/1/10 1/1/11
Hg
o A
no
ma
ly (pp
qv)
-80
-40
0
40
80
Pre
cipita
tion
(mm
)
0
50
100
150
200
250
HWF
TF Background GEM vs. Precipitation
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TF Wet Deposition
Lombard et al., 2011, acp
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Acknowledgments
This study was funded by NSF AGS 1141713 and EPA STAR 83521501