Potential Building Integrated Photovoltaics Potentialités ... · Challenges −energy / business /...
Transcript of Potential Building Integrated Photovoltaics Potentialités ... · Challenges −energy / business /...
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20131
Potential Building‐Integrated Photovoltaics
Potentialités des systèmes photovoltaïques intégrés au bâtiment
Dr. Ingrid LützkendorfIAB Weimar gGmbH
10.04.2013 Conference„The role of photovoltaics in the buildings of tomorrow – German‐French perspectives”, Paris, Environment Ministry
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20132
Construction and photovoltaic industries together for the energy revolution: Multifunctional, building‐integrated photovoltaics. www.bv‐bausysteme.de/index.php/photovoltaik
FachgruppeBauwerkintegrierte Photovoltaik
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20133
Construction Materials Technical Systems Sustainable Building
Concrete and CementCeramicsCement‐free materials
Precast TechnologyInfrastructureMeasurement andAutomation TechnologySimulation
BionicsPrefabricatedConstructionEnergyEnvironment
Institut für Angewandte Bauforschung Weimar gemeinnützige GmbH
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20134
Solar Power Branch (D) 2012
Buildings of the Future
PV‐Market in Transition
BIPV – Multifunctional Construction Element
BIPV – State of the Industry
BIPV – Obstacles
BIPV – Potential
BIPV – Tasks
Conclusion
Agenda
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20135
We love fusion!
In one hour, the sun’s fusion delivers enough solar energy to the earth to meet humanity’s annual needs!
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20136
Installed Capacity in Germany – 2012
quadratisch
praktisch
[Bundesnetzagentur;PHOTON 1/2013]
Total cumulativePV capacity 2012EEG‐sponsored systems:
32,663 MWp[Federal Network Agency]
number of PV installations:1,280,000
BIPV < 2 %
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20137
Conventional PV modules
© SOLON AG
PV Systemsas revenue generatorenvironmental contributionto enable energy independenceinsure against rising energy prices
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20138
Alternative BIPV
© SCHOTT AG
PV Systems integrated into buildings active solar building envelopes
© Sonnenhaus‐Institut e. V.
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.20139
Buildings of the Future
Buildings fromenergy‐users
energy generators
Solar surface area indicates the energyneeds of buildings
©SCHOTT Solar AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201310
Buildings of the future
Buildings of the future should:
exhibit the highest levels of energyefficiency
EU Building Guidelines: nearly zero‐energy buildings after 2021
make use of energy generationpotential available on site
feed energy in to the grid
©SCHOTT Solar AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201311
PV Market in Transition
Central role of solar energy in construction
without BIPV,no Energy‐Plus buildings possible
Taller buildings (ie. with proportionally less roof surface) can only meet the new criteria if they integrate photovoltaic andsolar thermal systems into the building façade.
Challenge for building integrationenergy saving + energy generatingbuilding components for the façade and roof
© SCHOTT Solar AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201312
Future market for BIPVNew market potential for construction and PV industries
prerequisite:
conventional PV module multifunctional PV buildingcomponent
generateselectricity
fulfills all functions as a buildingcomponent, as well as+ generating electricity
PV BIPV
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201313
The PV module replaces the equivalent conventional building element
Roofing tiles PV‐Building Components
Multifunctional Integrated PV BuildingComponents
© Würth Solar
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201314
BIPV Market Offerings
New buildingsBIPV in renovations− ventilated curtain façades− roof refurbishment− construction of additional stories− balcony railings − shutters− awnings
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201315
PV Market in Transition
BIPV‐Potential: [BVBS/FG BIPV]− approx. 3,000 km² external building surface area – façades and roofs
− approx. 300 GW PV capacity− approx. 900 Billion € potential sales volume, 1/3 of which is building industry‐related
© SCHOTT Solar AG© SCHOTT Solar AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201316
Lack of information, false information, preconceptions, lack of building code certification uncertainty for manufacturers, investors, planners and regulators
Communication deficit (collaboration / readiness to compromise)
Overestimated costs, high capital costs, greater planning effort required
Lack of technical specifications and datasheets
Lack of standardized test procedures for PV building components
Obstacles to BIPV Application (1)
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201317
PV Systems ostensibly regulated under electrical safety and performance Building code requirements not covered
Lack of accreditation for PV building elements− at present, no PV façade element (D) has obtained an abZ
(‘national techical approval‘)
− permits for construction have complex requirements,and involve greater effort and cost
− alternative ZIE ‘approval on a case‐by‐case basis‘
Cost caps for residential building grants
No authoritative framework (Politics, EEG, …)Property managers/developers need to be able to make projections – BIPV requires exact timing
Obstacles to BIPV Application (2)
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201318
Feature Roof Integration Façade Integration
Level of standardisation high gering
Energy yield 80 % ‐ 100% ≤ 70 %
Planungsaufwand moderate high
PV‐Module Type standard special
Design sophistication high very high
Building Code (in Germany) Regulated [BRL B, part 2] : systems up to 2m2
[BRL B, part 2]
abZ (ZiE) required
Building‐Integrated PV – Market offerings
© Sonnenhaus‐Institut e. V.
Comparison of roof‐ and façade‐integrated PV system[using H. Hartwig/Ernst Schweizer AG]
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201319
Architecture
© SOLARWATT
Goal: “energy generating” building envelope components
Attractive design, or cheap power generation?
BIPV needs mass‐produced building envelope componentsPrefabricated house manufacturers (Japan):Economies of scale serial fitting of houses with PV systems,heat pumps, ventilation systems, and thermal‐bridge free insulation
BIPV needs “Harmony” /attractive architecture
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201320
Architecture
„Photovoltaicsonly have a future if they can be
harmoniously integrated into architecture.”
© AIG Gotha GmbH
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201321
Architecture
„Photovoltaicsonly have a future if they can be
harmoniously integrated into architecture.”
Charles FrittsPhysiker 1880
© AIG Gotha GmbH
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201322
Architectural integration of BIPV – entirely possible
Active solar building components as a synthesis of technology and aesthetics enable:− new forms of architectural expression− new user comfort− sustainability
BIPV = a challenge for creative architects
Design Integration
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201323
PV Technologies / Materials
Crystalline Silicon Thin Film ‐ glass‐film‐module aSi/μcSi/ CdTe/CIS/CIGS ‐ glass‐glas‐module on glass, metal or plastic
Organic PV ‐ Polymers ‐ low‐molecular(‐ pigment cells)
Effiency (modul)16 – 20.4 %
Effiency (modul)7 – 14.5 %
Effiency (modul)
5%
[DGS, Daten aus diversen Quellen, 09/2012]
© Würth Solar
© CENTROSOLAR
© Biohaus © BELECTRIC
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201324
Use Design Freedom!
© ISET
Multiplicity of modules, as well as innovative and light mounting systems on the market
Many formats, shapes, designs; transparent, coloured, and even flexible modules
Dummy‐modules for lips andshaded areas
Module installation according to the specific type: Glass‐Film module, VSG‐Thin Glass module, VSG Insulated Glazing module
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201325
Glass‐Glass‐Module
Glass‐Film‐Module
Photovoltaik‐Bauelemente / Konstruktion
FlexibleM.on various backing materials
© flexcell
© ertex‐solar
© biohaus
Development potential, e.g. application of thin glass (≤ 2,6 mm)
© SCHOTT AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201326
Construction Systems
© SOLARWATT
© Solarwatt
© alwitra
© Solarwatt
Module frame =
mounting system
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201327
Cartridge Modul Soltecture
© sulfurcell
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201328
BIPV in the Modernisation of ExistingBuilding Stock
© AIG Gotha GmbHArchitekten + Ingenieurewww.aig‐gotha.de
StoVerotec PV‐Panel withWürth Solar CIS‐Modul
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201329
New Perspectives: OPV
First OPV project in Europe: Advertising towerBELECTRIC /mainova AG + Partner SOLARTZENSIONFrankfurt /M., 2013
© Belectric
Organic PhotovoltaicsReadily integrated into the production process for conventional building components
Printing techniques make it relatively inexpensive
Flexible, transparent, light
Better light utilization than crystalline Si
Good thermal coefficient
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201330
©Riffel, HeidelbergCement
© TiComTec GmbH
Prefabrication
© Ertex Solar
© Ertex Solar
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201331
Noise Attenuation Walls, Parkades,Stadiums, ...
Wallisellen TNC Feldmeilen, © hwp
© CENTROSOLAR
© Conergy
© alwitra
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201332
Building products guideline
Building law− Building rules list (BRL)− State building codes (LBO)
Land development plans
Design statutes
Heritage protection law
Energy business law
German roofing trade rules
Standards ...
BIPV ‐Many Regulatory Requirements
© SOLARWATT© SCHOTT Solar AG
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201333
BIPV ‐ Opportunity and Challenge
Innovation through cooperation ofbuilding industry + solar industry (as manufacturers ofsemi‐finished products)
multifunctional building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)
Active solar building envelopes make a contribution to:− cost recovery− reducing building operating costs
As a part of the system technology – positive influence on the overall energy efficiency of a building (reduction in the primary energy needs); enables the ‘Plus’ in a “Plus‐Energy House”
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201334
Tasks BIPV
Improve knowledge and acceptance of BIPV by − Customers – easing technology anxiety − Planners – Multipliers
Architects and solar power engineers need more knowledge about the effectiveness and cost implications of their design decisions
Utilization and kommunication of the multifunctionalityof BIPV
Compelling design
Early interdisciplinary, cross‐trade collaboration
Clarification of interfaces between all trades
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201335
From time and cost intensive case‐by‐case solutions to standardized BIPV building components
System integration instead of component addition
Use of existing installation methods + distribution channels
Complete system packages„BIPV+“ hassle‐free packages for installers
Guarantee and Service packages
BIPV Tasks
© SOLARWATT
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201336
BIPV as a ‘building product’ requires: − Clear guidance, building regulation‐relevant inspection specifications for technological development
− Development of testing protocol
Provision of characteristic data for BIPV
Documentation in product datasheets
Building legislation for safety and technological regulations and standardsEN 50583 – Photovoltaics in buildings ‐ references to 53 other EU‐standards
Regulation of decentralized utilization in energy and property law BIPV becomes economical through higher direct use/private consumption
BIPV Tasks
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201337
Reliable political framework, planning reliability
Good exemplary projects
BIPV Tasks
© ARNOLD GLAS© Schott Solar
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201338
Architects and planners win multiplier
− Conference talks, architect workshops, signal project
− Architecture competitions
− BIPV integrated into project proposals/bids mandatory engagement of the participants with BIPV
Marketing Tasks for BIPV
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201339
BIPV – Conclusion (1)
Energy Revolution?! Meeting climate change and energy security goals through the energy‐optimization of buildings
BIPV ‐multifunctional, active solar building envelopes
Sustainable solar architecture+ energy generating building envelopes+ constructive solutions+ compelling design
BIPV‐Potential existsDesign
Funktion
Construction
BIPV
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201340
BIPV ‐ Potential
SOLTECTURE
Centrosolar
SOLARWATT SOLARWATT
Masdar PVSun Technics
iRoofalwitra
SCHOTT
AIG Gotha GmbH
alwitra
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201341
BIPV – Conclusion (2)
Opportunity− BIPV Sustainable buildingThe focus is not primarily on the generation of electricity, but on the multifunctional building element to envelopes
− New market potential for the building and PV industries
Challenges− energy / business / technology / aesthetics− active solar building envelopes BIPV− appropriate multifunctional products for various building applications, shapes, functions and construction methods
Building + Photovoltaic + R&D sectorsworking together to enable an energy revolution ‐ and BIPV
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201342
© T. Borkovic © NASAED01‐0209‐3, Nick Galante/PMRF
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201343
Thank you for your attention!
Dr. Ingrid Lützkendorf0049 / 3643 / 8684 ‐137i.luetzkendorf@iab‐weimar.de
© AIG Gotha GmbH
Merci pour votre attention!
Potenziale bauwerkintegrierter Photovoltaik, Dr. I. Lützkendorf – IAB Weimar gGmbH, 10.04.201344
Raising more awareness of BIPV− common communications strategy
“Aktionsbündnis für eneuerbare Energien”, 12.03.2013
PV Symposium in Bad Staffelstein, 100 representatives of the sustainable energy ministries of Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands –R&D, communications agencies, corporations, unions, and journalists
http://www.pr‐krampitz.de/de/aktionsbuendnis
Marketing Tasks for BIPV