Potensi Pendanaan Riset Berorientasi Kebijakan di Sektor Swasta

Desember 2019

Centre for Innovation Policy and Governance (CIPG)Aresearch-basedadvisorygroupwhichaspirestoexcelintheareaofinnovation,policyandgovernance.CIPGhaskeeninterestinbuildingIndonesianresearchcapacitiesacrossmanysectors.

Areaofinterests

cipg.or.id 2Researchinginnovation,advancingpolicy,improvinggovernance

Research-basedAdvisoryGroup

INNOVATION

POLICY

GOVERNANCE

1.RESEARCH2.CONSULTANCY

3.CAPACITYBUILDING

KnowledgeandInnovation• InnovationPolicy•ResearchPolicyandAgendas

•KnowledgeProduction

Informationandsocialchange•Digitalhumanities•Mediaandthepublicsphere

•OpenGovernment

(some of ) Our Works

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Year Project Partner(s)

2018 Making Indonesia4.0(ActionPlan) Kemenperin

2018 GlobalInnovationPartnersProgramme NewtonFund,100%Open

2018 StrengtheningthegovernanceofSTI:AdvocatingRUUSisnas Iptek andidentifyingresearchfundingschemeinIndonesia Knowledge SectorInitiatives

2018 Penguatan Sistem Perencanaan Anggaran Riset Kemenristekdikti (RISET-Pro)

2017-2018 UK-IDProgramme EvaluationResearch BritishCouncil

2017-2018 GlobalInnovationPolicyAccelerator Nesta

2017-2018 EchoingEvidence:UsingActionResearchforInclusiveParticipation Voice

2017 ResearchonMovementandCampaignstoEndFossilFuelinIndonesia 350.org

2017 LocalInitiativesinOpenGovernment NationalDemocraticInstitute

2017 EnablingSpaces:MappingCreativeHubsinIndonesia British Council

2016-2017 PenguatanSistemTataKelolaPendanaanRiset Penguatan KoordinasiAntarlembagaPemberiDanaRiset Kemenristekdikti (RISET-Pro)

2016-2017 Perbandingan DatadanIndikator IPTEKIndonesiaLanskap DataIPTEKIndonesia Pusdatin,Kemenristekdikti

2017 Policyanalysisondebottleneckingofdownstreaming researchproductsandroyaltyincentivesforresearchers KnowledgeSectorInitiatives

2016 ScopingstudyonAgriculturalInnovationSystem CSIRO

2016 Pembuatan Rencana Induk Riset Nasional Kemenristekdikti

2016 Commercialising Innovation EU– TCF

(some of) Our Partners

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President'sDeliveryUnitforDevelopmentMonitoringand

Oversight

IndonesianNationalResearchCouncil

NationalAgencyforTechnologyAssessment

andApplication

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Researchteam:• MohammadRinaldiCamil• NurHuda• FildzaMalifaSetiabudi

ConductedinDKIJakarta(January– July2018)

Supportedby:• Kementerian PPN/Bappenas• KnowledgeSectorInitiative(KSI-Indonesia),and

• DepartmentofForeignAffairsandTradeAustralia(DFAT)

Background

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§ EmergingMiddle-IncomeCountry:GDPpercapitahassteadilyrisen,from$823intheyear2000to$3,932in2018(WorldBank,2019)

§ EconomicGrowth:5.3%(2000-2018)

§ Indonesia’scontinuedgrowthandprosperitydependsontheabilityofthegovernmentstodevelopeffectivepublicpolicies whichincreaseproductivity andcompetitiveness andensurethatthebenefitsofgrowthtranslateintobetterpublicservices andincreasedeconomicopportunitiesforall (Jackson,Prasetiamartati,Sadikin,Sugiyanto,&Pellini,2017)

§ Effectivepublicpoliciesrequiresgoodevidence(Nugroho,Carden,&Antlov,2018)

Source:Visi Indonesia2045

Background

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Source:UNESCOInstituteforStatistics[http://uis.unesco.org/apps/visualisations/research-and-development-spending/]

InvestmentonResearchandDevelopmentremainsrelativelylow

Background

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Source:KemenristekdiktidanLIPI(2017)BukuPerhitunganBelanjaLitbangNasional2016

11,74%

7,90%

11,18%

16,16%

11,40%

19,56%

9,95%

83,88%

42,24%

29,73%

9,09%

12,28%

13,23%

7,05%

27,43%

28,48%

18,89%

2,65%

5,32%

33,72%

77,53%

78,49%

71,52%

76,79%

61,17%

51,95%

70,20%

9,15%

51,73%

35,73%

1,64%

1,33%

4,08%

0,96%

4,33%

0,70%

0,82%

KOREA SE LATAN

JEPANG

AMER IKA SER IKAT

CH INA

S INGAPURA**

MALAYS IA

THA I LAND

INDONES IA***

V IETNAM*

F I L I P INA*

Pemerintah PerguruanTinggi PerusahaanBisnis SwastaNonProfit

GovernmentcontributemostoftheexpenditureonGERD

Background

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Source:KemenristekdiktidanLIPI(2017)BukuPerhitunganBelanjaLitbangNasional2016

Background§ Previousresearch:

§ Indonesiahasthelargestannualexpenditureonphilanthropyprogramme inIndo-Pacific withmorethanAU$125million(aboutRp1,24T)(DFAT,2015)

§ In2014,therewere1.416philanthropicactivities/programmes recordedinIndonesiaby400companieswithatotalvalueofRp12.4T(PIRACdanDompet Dhuafa,2015;PIRAC,2017)

§ Thereislimitedresearchanddata thatactuallyshowstheextentofpotentialsofprivatesectorinsupportingthedevelopmentpolicyorientedresearchinIndonesia

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Research QuestionsThisresearchtriedtoanswerthefollowingquestions:

1. Whataretheavailablepolicyorientedresearchfundingschemeinprivatesector?

2. Whatistheidealcollaborationmodelforpolicyorientedresearchwithprivatesector?

3. TowhatextentdoesthecurrentregulationshasbeenabletoencouragetheparticipationofprivatesectorinthedevelopmentofpolicyorientedresearchinIndonesia?

Toanswerthisquestionsweconducted:

1. Aqualitative-basedexplorationstudy

2. ResearchSubjects:Companies(Badan Usaha),BusinessAssociations,ResearchOrganizations,andConsultancyOrganizations.

3. ResearchFocus:Strictly-regulatedsectorandLoosely-regulatedsector

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“Democracy means far more than the right to vote every five years. It means the right to participate in every

aspect of national and community life. The people must believe that they can take part.”

Michael ManleyBroadcast statement to Jamaican population on retirement from

office, March 15, 1992

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Theoretical Frameworks• Evidence-basedPolicymaking

§ Evidence-basedpolicyinessencereferstoaprocess that,tothefullestextentpossible,transparentlyusesrigorousandtestedevidence inthedesign,implementation andrefinement ofpolicy tomeetdesignatedpolicyobjectives.(productivitycommission,2009)

§ Sixinter- related‘enablingfactors’tosupporttheuseofevidencebygovernments(Hanrahan,2017):

1. Accesstogoodqualitydata2. Holisticmonitoringandevaluationmodels

3. Transparentevidence-gatheringprocesses4. Independentgovernanceofevidence5. Policystaffwithdataanalyticalskills

6. Commitmenttomoreopengovernment

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Theoretical Frameworks§ Thereisgrowingconsiderationofdifferentformsofknowledge inthepolicyspace(Jasanoff,2012)

§ Knowledgeisproduced inmanydifferentplacesandinmanydifferentways,thepublicisnotonlyaconsumer ofknowledgebutalsoaproducer.Allformsofknowledge shouldhaveaplaceinaflourishingknowledgesector (Nugroho,Carden,&Antlov,2018)

§ Thecitizenisnotthoughtofasaholderofknowledge,asonewhoproducesknowledgethatcouldbeusefultothepolicyprocess.Rather,theyaretreatedasonewhoisaffected bypolicy.

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Source:LocalKnowledgeMatters:Power,contextandpolicymakinginIndonesia

Typesofknowledgeandthepolicyinfluencespace

Theoretical Frameworks

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Changingparadigmsforsectorroles

Source:WorldEconomicForum:Thefutureroleofcivilsociety(2013)

“Wemustnotseetheprivatesector assimplyasourceoffinancing,butasatruepartners inaddressingspecificdevelopmentissues.Manydevelopmentneedtoalsoactasabarrierstosustainablebusinessdevelopment,sothereisaclearmutualinterest”Frannie Leautier,VicePresidentofWorldBankInstitute

Policy-oriented research in private sector§ 3mainneeds:

§ Theneedtodeveloporganizationsinternalpolicies

§ Theneedtocomplywithexistingregulations§ Theneedtoadvocatecertainpublicpolicy-relatedissues tothegovernment

§ Corporatevalues,images andreputation

§ TheroleofComplianceDivision(UsuallyunderPR,LegalorSustainability)

§ Privatesector4relationcharacteristics:

§ PassiveRelation§ LimitedRelation§ PositiveRelation

§ TrustedPartner

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Policy-oriented research in private sector§ BusinessAssociation:

§ Problem/issuesinventorisation§ PrivateSectorRepresentationandGovCommunication§ GatherResearchFunding§ Externalpartnersrecruitment

§ ResearchOrganisation:§ Competence§ Skills§ Legitimation§ Independence

§ Consultationagency:§ Flexibility(methods,timeandresources)§ Morerealisticandapplicativesolution§ Goodknowledgeandnetworkwithpolicymakers

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PrivatesectorandIntermediaryAgencies

Policy-oriented research in private sector

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(Some) Policy oriented research practices § API-IMAandLAPIITB(2013)

§ UUNo.4Tahun 2009tentang Pertambangan MineraldanBatubara

§ SmelterandMinerals

§ Kementerian ESDM

§ Closedtopublic

§ Elsam andGoogle(2013)

§ InternetGovernance

§ Independenceinmethodologydevelopment

§ Freedomtopublish

§ Go-jek andLDFEBUI(2018)

§ Go-jek’s EconomicImpact

§ Heavycencorship

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Government’saudiencewithAPINDO

Key findings§ Policy-orientedresearchinprivatesectortendtobereactiveandstillnotseenasapriority

§ Somefundingschemesforpolicy-orientedresearchareaccessible,buttheyarenotallocatedonregularbasis

§ Theexistingregulationshaven’tbeenabletoencouragetheparticipationofprivatesectorinthedevelopmentofpolicyorientedresearch

§ There’sstillnoclearmechanismonhowpeoplecandelivertheirresearchandtransparentlymonitorandensuretheuseoftheirinputinpolicymakingprocess.

§ Somesectortendtohavemoreconcernandinterestinpublicpoliciesthanothersector,butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansthattheyarethebestpossiblepartnersforaresearchcollaboration.

§ Ideally, policy-oriented research collaborationwithprivatesectorcanbedirectedintopublicissuesandtheresearcherscanhavefullindependenceintheprocess.

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Thank you!CENTREFORINNOVATIONPOLICYANDGOVERNANCE

Jl.Danau TobaNo.138CBendungan Hilir,TanahAbang

JakartaPusat 10210,INDONESIA

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