Theoretical and Practical Evaluation of Jatropha as Energy Source Biofuel in Tanzania
Potency of Palm and Jatropha for Biofuel in Indonesia · 2020-04-04 · and Jatropha as feedstock...
Transcript of Potency of Palm and Jatropha for Biofuel in Indonesia · 2020-04-04 · and Jatropha as feedstock...
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Potency of Palm and Jatrophafor Biofuel in Indonesia
Andi Novianto
presented at:International Conference on the Commercialization of Bio-fuels
Seoul, September 17, 2007
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Energy Policy
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Current Energy Mix and Consumption Pattern
Oil52.5%
Natural Gas19.0%
Coal21.5%
Hydro Power3.7%
Geothermal3.0%
Other Renewable
Energy0.2%
Industry18,2%
Electricity13,9%
Household17,4%
Transportion
50,4%
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TARGET ENERGY MIX 2025
BioetanolBiooilBiodiesel
Natural Gas
30%
Geothermal
5%Other Renewable Energy
5%Biofuel
5%
Coal Liquefaction
2%
Coal
33%
Oil
20%
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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROGRAM
Strategy;Fossil Energy to Renewable EnergyEnergy DiversificationPrivate InvestmentEconomical Price
Issues:- Limited energy reserves- Increasing energy consumption- Dependency on oil (unbalanced energy mix)- Uncertainty of international energy prices- High domestic subsidy- Abundant unutilized renewable energy
Short-term Target:Saving Oil and State BudgetUtilization Gas and Coal DomesticallyAcceleration Availability and Utilization of Renewable Energy
Action Program:Substitution for Household and Small Scale IndustrySubstitution for TransportationSubstitution for IndustryAcceleration on Power Plant by using Non Oil EnergyDevelopment of Coal Liquefaction
Biofuel Coal (Briquette, Coal Liquefaction) Gas (CNG, LPG)
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Biofuel as Alternative Energy
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Vision and Mission
Vision:Poverty alleviation and employment creation through development of biofuel as alternative energy to increase people’s welfare.
Mission:1. Creating employment opportunities (feedstock supply, industry,
infrastructure, supporting activities).2. Increasing rural community independency (Energy Self-
sufficiency Village).3. Increasing the role of private sector involvement.4. Regulating biofuel business, feedstock supply, and utilization.5. Developing business climate through incentives.
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Strategy
1. Developing investment and finance scheme to support biofuelprogram.
2. Developing price mechanism, starting from feedstock up to biofuel product.
3. Increasing local potential.4. Increasing availability of feedstock and production needs.5. Stipulating biofuel trading system.6. Accelerate land availability.7. Developing Special Biofuel Zone and Self Sufficient Energy
Village.8. Enhancing local Government and community participation in
biofuel business.9. Biofuel security supply.
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Biofuel UtilizationAVAILABILTY UTILIZATION TARGET UPTO 2010 USERS
FEEDSTOCK
B-10
E-10
TRANSPORTATION
POWER PLANT
HOUSEHOLDBUSINESS/ COMPANY
O-10BIOFUELREFINERY
TRANSPORTATION
O-100
POWER PLANTO-50
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ROADMAP BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
Year 2005-2010 2011-2015 2016-2025
NATIONAL STANDARD OF BIOFUEL
Biofuel Biofuel Utilization2% of energy mix
5.29 mil. kL
Biofuel Utilization3% of energy mix
9.84 mil kL
Biofuel Utilization5% energy mix22.26 mil kL
Regulation Policy Initial Activities Improving Climate Invest. Dissemination
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Biofuel Plan (by PERTAMINA)
2007 2008 2009 -2010 2011 - 2012
Biodiesel (B-2,5) : Biodiesel (B-5) : Biodiesel (B-10) : Biodiesel (B-10) : Transportation in Java (Big City)
Transportation in Java(Big City)
Transportation in Java (Big City)
Transportation in Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan (Big City)
Industry (5% Consumption) Industry (10% Consumption)
Electricity (5% Consumption)Electicity(10% Consumption)
Bioetanol (E-3) : Bioetanol (E-5) : Bioetanol (E-10) : Bioetanol (E-10) : Transportation in Malang City, East Java
Transportation in 2 cities, Java
Transportation in Java Island (Big City)
Transportation in Java and Sumatera (Big City)
PERTAMINA, 2007
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Concept of Biofuel Zone
R&D
AGRIC AGRIC
INDUSTRY PLN EXPORT PERTAMINA TRANSPORT
LAND FOR
BIOFUEL
BIOFUEL INDUSTRY
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Oil Palm
Sugarcane Cassava Coconut
Jatropha curcas
Main Sources
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Plantation of Palm and its needs
1. Area: 5.6 mill. Ha (53,7% is run by private companies, 34,2% owned by the local farmers, and State owned/PTPN about 12,1%).
2. CPO yield: 14 mill. tons (local consumption: 3.5 mill. tons, and about 10 mill. tons is exported).
3. The supply of palm oil for biofuel production is available, but the needs for cooking oil in the country should be considered, as well as for export.
4. Rise of international CPO price. 5. High price for domestic of cooking oil.
DGE-MOA, 2007
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Land Suitability for Oil Palm
ICECRD, AARD-MOA, 2007
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Jatropha as a biofuel source
1. Jatropha curcas is an option for developing biofuel-biodiesel. In Indonesia, Jatropha contains toxic.
2. There are several kinds of Jatropha with other functions such as traditional medicine. Only, Jatrophacurcas is now being developed for Biofuel.
3. There are millions land suitability in Indonesia for Jatropha planting, classified as:
14.2 mill ha : very suitable5.5 mill ha : suitable29.7 mill ha : marginally suitable.
4. Estimated yield : year 1 ~ 0.5 – 1.0 ton/hayear 5 ~ 5- 8 ton/ha
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Land suitability for Jaropha
ICECRD, AARD-MOA, 2007
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Emission of NOx of Indonesian biodiesel (made of palm, or jatropha) is lower than that of diesel oil
R&D in Biodiesel Plant
MOR-BPPT, 2007
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Investment Opportunity
1. Land availability:a number of companies have obtained reserved approval from Ministry of Forestry about 4 million ha, but they do not continue to release the area. unutilized plantation (grade V) about 302 thousands ha. inactive plantation about 2 million ha.
2. Human resources are available.3. Technological availability (i.e. seed development).4. Government support (regulations).5. Maximum area for Palm (100,000 ha) and Jatropha (50,000
ha).6. Foreign company should cooperate with Indonesian company.
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Conclusion
1. There are a lot of potency for biofuel development using Palm and Jatropha as feedstock in Indonesia.
2. Palm and Jatropha are priority commodities to be developed as biofuel-biodiesel in Indonesia.
3. Feedstock from palm is ready to be used for biofuel domestically, but has competition with cooking oil.
4. Jatropha is still being developed, but seed technology is improving. Jatropha for biofuel is not conflict with food.
5. Government of Indonesia is supporting biofuel development program, as one alternative energy, with regulations, policies, and disseminations.
6. Land availability are abundant for biofuel development, without converting natural forest areas.
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21Thank You