Potato Breeding and Genetics Program -...
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Potato Breeding and Genetics Program
Potato Breeding and Genetics Dept. of Crop and Soil Science Corvallis, OR
Isabel Vales and Solomon Yilma
Overview • Who are we? • What is our goal? • What are our research priorities? • Host genetic resistance • Late blight • Insects • Specialty potatoes • Potato clones for organic growers
OSU Potato Team • Isabel Vales, Al Mosley, Solomon Yilma, Jeff McMorran,
and Ryon Ottoman, Dept. of Crop and Soil Science (CSS), Corvallis
• Steve James, Central Oregon Agricultural Research Center (COARC), Madras/Powell Butte
• Dan Hane, Laurie Leroux, Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center (HAREC), Hermiston
• Brian Charlton Klamath Experiment Station (KES), Klamath Falls
• Clint Shock & Eric Eldredge, Malheur Experiment Station (MES), Ontario
Program Goal
To develop high yield and high quality potato varieties for processing, chipping, fresh market, and specialty uses with genetic resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses
Oregon PotatoBreeding Program
20-hills, 2 repsKlamath falls
24-hills, 2 repsPowell Butte (SI)
4-hills (~300 specialty)Klamath falls
Single Hills (evaluation and increase)MN and TX (~100,000 B and C tubers in field)
Single Hills (evaluation and increase)Powell Butte (~100,000 A tubers in field)
Yr. 2
20-hills, 2 repsOntario
17-hills, 2 repsHermiston
4-hills (~1,000)Hermiston
Yr. 1
Yr. 3
Yr. 4
Yr. 5
eye-indexing
Generation of clean material (foundation seed)
CrossesAberdeen, Prosser and Corvallis
Seedling tuber productionCorvallis (~100,000 in GH)
18-hills (~1,000)Powell Butte (SI)
Oregon Statewide trials5 experimental stations
Powell Butte (SI)
...
Powel Butte (SI)FPSP limited gen. (SI)
Tri-State, growers trials10-12 locations
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
W. Regional, growertrials 14-15 locations
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
W. Regional, grower, processor trials
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
NameTri-State release, PVPYrs. 13-15
Yrs. 9-10
Yrs. 11-13
Yrs. 7-9
Yrs. 6-7
Oregon PotatoBreeding Program
20-hills, 2 repsKlamath falls
24-hills, 2 repsPowell Butte (SI)
4-hills (~300 specialty)Klamath falls
Single Hills (evaluation and increase)MN and TX (~100,000 B and C tubers in field)
Single Hills (evaluation and increase)Powell Butte (~100,000 A tubers in field)
Yr. 2
20-hills, 2 repsOntario
17-hills, 2 repsHermiston
4-hills (~1,000)Hermiston
Yr. 1
Yr. 3
Yr. 4
Yr. 5
eye-indexing
Generation of clean material (foundation seed)
CrossesAberdeen, Prosser and Corvallis
CrossesAberdeen, Prosser and Corvallis
Seedling tuber productionCorvallis (~100,000 in GH)
18-hills (~1,000)Powell Butte (SI)
Oregon Statewide trials5 experimental stations
Powell Butte (SI)
...
Powel Butte (SI)FPSP limited gen. (SI)
Tri-State, growers trials10-12 locations
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
W. Regional, growertrials 14-15 locations
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
W. Regional, grower, processor trials
Powel Butte (SI)grower (SI)
NameTri-State release, PVPYrs. 13-15
Yrs. 9-10
Yrs. 11-13
Yrs. 7-9
Yrs. 6-7
• Disease/pest/abiotic stress/quality improvement – Tuber moth – Viruses: PVY, PLRV, corky ring spot, etc. – Late blight – Columbia root nematode – Frost resistance – Specialty potatoes – Biofortification and biopharmaceuticals?
Research Priorities
• Identify and use sources of resistance/quality – Elite germplasm – Primitive cultivars, landraces, wild relatives, related species – Multi-trait recurrent selection combined with MAS – Genetic transformation
• Development and use of genetic markers and mapping populations – Identification of qualitative and quantitative genes involved in
the traits of interest – Genetic studies
• Genetic fingerprinting – Genetic diversity evaluation and parental selection – Variety identification
Approaches
Integrated disease/pest management
The causal agent
The host plant Environment
The disease/pest
triangle
Integrated approach: agronomic, chemical, biological, genetic
Genetics of cultivated potato
• Tetraploid (2n= 4x= 48 chromosomes)
– Four copies of the basic chromosome number (12)
F.Dong et. al 2006
Solanum tuberosum
Disease/Pest Resistance Traits Mapping of Qualitative and Quantitative Traits
DiseaseNo. of genes/QTL26131121214
R genes and QTL mapped in potato
Potato late BlightSoft rotPotato wart
Potato virus X
Potato cyst nematodeColumbia root-knot nematodePotato virus YPotato virus A
Gebhart and Valkonen. 2001. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 39:79-102
Potato clones with resistance to late blight
Potato cultivars with resistance to late blight of potato (US commercial list is complete; research/EU lists are not)
Variety Status Country Type Resistance MaturityUSIsland Sunshine comm. avail. US dark yellow flesh Highly resistant: late blight late-very lateSante comm. avail. US light yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber mid-seasonJacqueline Lee comm. avail. US yellow flesh mod foliar and tuber med-lateDefender comm. avail. US russet/baker/proc strong foliar and tuber med-late
MSJ456-4 research (MI) US round white strong foliar resistance med-lateAO96141-3 research (PNW) US russet/baker/proc mod foliar mod tuber med-lateNDA5507-3YF research (PNW) US yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber Early-medVC1009-1W/Y research (PNW) US yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber MediumAC97521-1R/Y research (PNW) US red skin yellow flesh mod foliar strong tuber Medium
EUROPESarpo Mira comm. avail. EU red skin cream flesh complete foliar resistance late maincropSarpo Axona comm. avail. EU red skin cream flesh complete foliar resistance late maincropOrla comm. avail. Ireland early white boiler moderate foliar resistance? earlyLady Balfour comm. avail. UK elongated white pink spots mod foliar mod/high tuber late maincropEve Balfour comm. avail. UK round white high foliar very strong tuber early maincrop
POLILLA DE LA PAPA
Huevos
larva
adulto
pupa 18 días
15 días
2 - 3 días
6 - 8 días 27°C ± 2º 60% RH
Ciclo de vida de la Polilla de la Papa Phthorimaea
Daño en Tubérculos
POLILLA DE LA PAPA
Eggs
larva
adult
pupa 18 days
15 days
2 - 3 days
6 - 8 days 27°C ± 2º 60% RH
27°C ± 2º 60% RH
27°C ± 2º 60% RH
Life cycle of the Potato tuber moth
Damage in tubers
Potato Tuber Moth (Phthorimaea operculella)
• Problem • Life cycle • Control methods • Genetic resistance
J. Kalazich et al. INIA, Chile
Non-transgenic sources of resistance to PTM
• Solanum berthaultii • S. pinnatisectum • S. sparsipilum
Glandular tricomes (S. berthaultii)
2,5 0,6
4,83,5
10,7
12,6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q 115-6 N 140-7 Control
GaleriesPupa
Average number of galeries and PTM pupa in potato clones resistant and susceptible (control) to PTM.
Num
ber
c
c
bb
a
a
2,5 0,6
4,83,5
10,7
12,6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Q 115-6 N 140-7 Control
GaleriesPupa
Average number of galeries and PTM pupa in potato clones resistant and susceptible (control) to PTM.
Num
ber
c
c
bb
a
a
PTM resistant clones at OSU:
- Q174-2 (NY)
- NY131 (NY)
- Prince Hairy (NYL235-4) (NY)
- Q115-6 (Chile)
J. Kalazich et al. INIA, Chile
Specialty potatoes
• Exotic • Diversification of markets • Antioxidants
– Carotenoids (lutein, zexanthin, violaxanthin)
– Phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid) – Flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin,
anthocyanins)