Posters fileCommonly, nitrogen-doped carbon materials can be fabricated by two methods: Directly...

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August 22-24, 2016 New Orleans, USA

International Conference on

Polymer Science & Engineering

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Posters

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Polymer Science 2016August 22-24, 2016

Volume 5 Issue 6(Suppl)J Material Sci Eng 2016

ISSN: 2169-0022 JME, an open access journal





The catalytic activity of cathode with sputtered cobalt with graphene oxide on carbon paperDong Min Kim, Ki-Seong Lee, Subrata Sarker,Young-Ku Jin and Hyun Woo SeoHongik University, Korea

Many efforts have been focused on the development of high-energy-density power source to support the increasing demand of portable devices. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is efficient and clean electrochemical

power devices that have the potential for the applications in the energy conversion and storage. The PEMFC can be operated at a low temperature at about 80˚C and can be applied to the mobile electric source such as Laptop, Motor vehicles, etc. After the invention of fuel cell by Sir Grove in 1839, Pt-based catalysts were used as the most common electrode materials for the Oxygen-Reduction Reaction (ORR). However, its deficiency and high price drive to develop new non–precious metal catalysts which are potentially less expensive and more abundant. In the year 1964, Jasinski observed catalytic activity of cobalt phthalocyanine to the ORR. Many methods have been tried to create practical Non Precious Metal Catalysts (NPMCs). Many studies have shown that the reaction of the nitrogen atoms and non-precious transition metals into nano carbon materials can improve the electro-catalytic performance. Commonly, nitrogen-doped carbon materials can be fabricated by two methods: Directly doping during the synthesis of carbon materials and by post-treatment of the as-prepared carbon materials with nitrogen precursor. Especially, nitrogen and transition metal containing carbon composites fabricated via pyrolysis of precursors containing metal salts, nitrogen, and macrocyclic compounds have been demonstrated to be active in catalyzing ORR. Transition metals such as Co and Fe to improve the performance will require a robust method for increasing the reactivity of the metal ion through ligation. In this study, we sprayed graphene on Carbon Paper (CP) by spray method. A Cobalt (Co)-based electro catalyst was fabricated by sputter deposition on GO layered CP and then subjected to a heat treatment in an ammonia (NH3) environment. The fabricated Co/N/Go/CP was investigated as an electro-catalyst for ORR in PEMFC by Cyclic Voltammeter (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

BiographyDong Min Kim has completed his PhD from University of Wisiconsin-Madison in the year 2004 and Post-doctoral studies from University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Materials Science and Engineering. He is a Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering in Hongik University, Korea. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and had studied in solar cells and fuel cell in renewable energy.

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Dong Min Kim et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044

mailto:[email protected]

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Ionic liquid-based polymer electrolytes via surfactant-assisted polymerization at the plasma-liquid interfaceHo Suk ChoiChungnam National University, Republic of Korea

We first report an innovative method, which we refer to as interfacial liquid plasma polymerization, to chemically cross-link ionic liquids (ILs). By this method, a series of all-solid state, free-standing polymer electrolytes are successfully

fabricated where ILs are used as building blocks and ethylene oxide-based surfactants are employed as an assisted-crosslinking agent. The thickness of the film is controlled by the plasma exposure time or the ratio of surfactant to ILs. The chemical structure and properties of the polymer electrolyte are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Importantly, the underlying polymerization mechanism of the crosslinked IL-based polymer electrolyte is studied to show that fluoroborate or halide anions of ILs together with the aid of a small amount of surfactants having ethylene oxide groups is necessary to form crosslinked network structures of the polymer electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the obtained polymer electrolyte is 2.28×10-3 Scm-

1, which is a relatively high value for solid polymer electrolytes synthesized at room temperature. This study can serve as a cornerstone for developing all-solid state polymer electrolytes with promising properties for next-generation electrochemical devices.

BiographyHo Suk Choi completed his PhD from the Department of Chemical Engineering of Purdue University in May, 1995. After short post-doctoral research at the Department of Chemistry of Purdue University, he joined to the Chungnam National University as a faculty member in September, 1995. Now, he serves as the Director of university specialization project in the field of energy materials and processes. He has published more than 160 papers in reputed journals.

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Ho Suk Choi, J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044

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The use of poly (tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-co-glycerol diglycidyl ether microgel as template for Co, Ni nanoparticles and their use as catalyst for H2 production from NaBH4 hydrolysisNurettin Sahiner1, Sultan Butun1 and Mehtap Sahiner2

1Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey2Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

Tris (2-aminoethyl) amine-co-glycerol diglycidyl ether, p(TAEA-co-GDE), microgel was synthesized from tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) and glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) in one step via microemulsion polymerization methods.

The prepared p (TAEA-co-GDE) microgel was used as template for in situ Co and Ni nanoparticle preparation within the microgel matrix by loading the corresponding metal ions from aqueous solutions. Then, these metal ions loaded p (TAEA-co-GDE) were treated with NaBH4 to prepare metal nanoparticle containing p (TAEA-co-GDE)-M (M: Co, Ni) composite system. The prepared microgel composite were used as effective catalyst in the hydrolysis of NaBH4 for H2 generation. The H2 production reaction kinetics were investigated under different reaction conditions and various parameters such as the initial NaBH4 concentration, temperature, the catalyst amounts and the types were evaluated. The activation energies for the hydrolysis of NaBH4 were calculated.

BiographyNurettin Sahiner has completed his PhD in 2005 from Tulane University and did Postdoctoral studies at University of Delaware in Materials Science and Engineering, and at Tulane University School of Medicine in Biochemistry. He is the Director of Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center. He has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member for journals.

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Nurettin Sahiner et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


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The preparation of imidazolium based composite polymeric ionic liquid microgels containing Co metal nanoparticles and their use as catalyst in hydrolysis of NaBH4

Nurettin Sahiner1, 2 and Alper O Yasar2

1Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Turkey2Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale, Turkey

Ionic liquids (IL) with vinyl functionalization as n-dialkyl-3, 3′-bis-1-vinyl imidazolium dibromides ([CnVIm] Br; n=4, 6 and 10) were prepared from vinyl imidazole (VI) and dibromo alkanes such as dibromobutane (DBB), dibromohexane (DBH)

and dibromodecane (DBD). Then, polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) microgels as poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3'-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromides) (p(C4VImBr)), poly(1,6-hexanediyl-3,3'-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromides) (p(C6VImBr)) and poly(1,10-decanediyl-3,3'-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromides) (p(C10VImBr)) microgels were synthesized by photo-initiated inverse suspension polymerization technique using the prepared vinyl functionalized imidazolium monomers. The prepared PIL microgels were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential. P(C4VImBr), p(C6VImBr) and p(C10VImBr) microgels were used as templates for in situ Co metal nanoparticle synthesis, and the prepared composite PIL microgels: p(C4VImBr)-Co, p(C6VImBr)-Co and p(C10VImBr)-Co were used as catalyst in (H2) generation from the hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. H2 generation rate was evaluated by changing various parameters such as the types of PIL microgels as template, the amounts of Co metal nanoparticles as catalyst, the number of re-use of composite PIL catalyst and the reaction temperature.

BiographyNurettin Sahiner has completed his PhD in 2005 from Tulane University, and did Postdoctoral studies at University of Delaware at Materials Science and Engineering and at Tulane University School of Medicine in Biochemistry. He is the Director of Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center. He has published more than 150 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member for few journals.

[email protected]

Nurettin Sahiner et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


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Synthesis of novel type of functional macromolecules by quasi living polymerizations and subsequent modificationsBalazs Pasztoi, Gyorgy Kasza, Akos Szabo and Bela IvanHungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary

Research and development of functional macromolecules is one of the most investigated topics in modern polymer science. Due to the large scale of potential compounds it is a real challenge to prepare new types of structures for a variety of

applications. The synthesis of polymers often needs a multi-step process which includes an excess of reagents and solvents. Quasi-living polymerization methods were used by us to prepare well-defined functional polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. By quasi-living polymerizations, it is possible to design the structure and the average molecular weight of macromolecules. To reach the final products, several subsequent modification steps were carried out. Requirements for these functionalization reactions are quantitative conversion, high yield, region-selectivity and using new alternative reagents, solvents instead of traditional compounds, which are often harmful for human health and environment. Carrying out multi-step modification reactions in one pot would result in both synthetic and economic advantages, such as using less reagents and solvents, saving reaction time and purification of intermediate products. Examples will be presented for several one-pot multi-step end functionalization reactions of polymers obtained by quasi-living polymerization processes.

BiographyBalazs Pasztoi has received his Master’s degree in Chemistry in the year 2015. During his studies, he presented his scientific work in many international conferences. He participated in the National Conference of Scientific Students’ Associations, where his results were honored with second prize. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD.

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Balazs Pasztoi et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044

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Video Presentation








Effect of external process (sterlization) on the plastic injection moulded partsTrivikrama Bhanoji Pala and I. Joga RaoNew Jersey Institute of Technology, USA

External Processes like sterilization on plastics has become an important factor in industry. Sterilization is very common process in the medical device industry to ensure the safety of the devices. Product designer needs to be cognizant of the effect

of sterilization in plastic Injection molded parts. An experimental method is conducted to find out the effect of the Mechanical properties such as tensile strength analysis and also Creep analysis on the Injection molded parts before and after sterilization (radiation). Injection molded specimen made up of PP (polypropylene) with Gamma radiation of 25 kGy(kilogray) dose is considered for study. Radiation interacts with polymers in two ways: chain scission, which results in reduced tensile strength and elongation; and crosslinking, which increases tensile strength but reduces elongation. Both reactions occur simultaneously, but one is usually dominant, depending upon the specific polymer and additives involved. The results of Creep analysis are used in finite element methods to solve the impact of creep between the parts under load over time. Manufacturers should be cognizant of the possible impact of radiation on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact strength and elongation. Outcomes may influence performance and should be evaluated in advance by functional testing.

Disscussion and Results: The samples used for this study were injection molded ASTM Type 1 specimens.These are molded as per the injection molding condition of the respective resins. 5 samples. ASTM D 638-210 Standard Test Method for Tensile properties of plastics were used for tensile testing.

Conclusion:Effects of sterilization(radiation) plays an important role on the plastic injection molded parts.Results shows that Tensile strength and Modulus of Elasticity is Partially increasing at all 3 given 3 temperatures 23,40 and 60 degree C. And Strain at yield and Creep strain at given time is showing decreasing trend.These finding are very much useful to the Product Design. Manufacturers should be cognizant of the possible impact of radiation on mechanical properties and the outcomes may influence performance and should be evaluated in advance by functional testing.

BiographyTrivikrama Pala is a student of PhD from NJIT, New Jersey:

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Trivikrama Bhanoji Pala et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044

Shows that average Tensile Strength on the PP is partially increasing. It is observed that the same trend observed at

23, 40 and 60 degrees.

Shows that average strain at yield on the PP is partially decreasing. It is observed that the same trend observed at

23, 40 and 60 degrees

Shows shows the creep strain decrease between before and after gamma radiation at 23 C. The above curves are

plotted at 15%, 30% and 45% of yield strength of PP.

Shows that average Poisson’s Ratio on the PP is partially decreasing. It is observed that the same trend observed at

23, 40 and 60 degrees


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044






e-Posters

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Dual purpose Schiff base complexes for DSSC dye and polymer flame retardant Takashiro Akitsu and Keita TakahashiTokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan

In recent years, social demand for solar cells is increasing gradually. Although there are several types of solar cells, such as silicon, semiconductor, organic and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), modular components are generally composed of

polymer materials. Indeed, to formulate safety measures during fire fighting (electric shock) as well as building fire, flame retardants for polymer materials (typically oxides or halogen compounds) should be contained in the solar cells as effective components. However, some halogen-containing organic compounds have been prohibited to use as flame retardants from the viewpoint of environmental issues. By the way, to design high performance DSSC dyes of low cost, certain metal complexes may be superior to purely organic dyes. In our previous study, electron-withdrawing substituent groups were appropriate to absorb long-wave length sunlight as well as proper tuning of redox potentials between TiO2 semiconductor and I-/I3- mediators. For this purpose, introducing halogen groups into Schiff base metal complexes was found to be a good strategy. Herein, we propose a concept of developing dual purpose Schiff base metal complexes (Figure).

NN

O OCu

NN

O O

BrBr

CuNN

O O

BrBr

CuBr Br

BiographyTakashiro Akitsu has completed his PhD from Department of Chemistry, Osaka University and Postdoctoral studies from Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University. He is a Professor of Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science. He has published more than 140 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member.

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Takashiro Akitsu et al., J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044






Accepted Abstracts








Polymer studies with synchrotron radiation and light sources in the developing world Herman WinickStanford University, USA

Among the many applications of the intense x-ray beams from synchrotron light sources, is the use of x-ray scattering and diffraction to study polymers. This is actively pursued at more than 50 light sources now in operation around the world.

Examples will be given. In addition to many in the developed world, there are active light source programs in the developing world. Particular examples include facilities in Brazil, Korea, and Taiwan which started their programs in the 1980's when they were developing countries. They came on line in the 1990's and have since trained hundreds of graduate students locally, without sending them abroad and losing many of them. They have also attracted dozens of mid-career diaspora scientists to return. Their growing user communities have demanded more advanced facilities, leading to the funding of higher performance new light sources that are now coming into operation. Light sources in the developing world now include the following: SESAME in the Middle East which is scheduled to start research in 2016, the African Light Source, in planning stage and the Mexican Light Source, also in planning stage.

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Looking back to 20th and looking forward to 21st century on physical chemistry of polymers: Needs for re-starting innovative approachNobuyuki Nakajima University of Akron, USA

Polymerization and fabrication of polymeric material have made phenomenal progress during the latter half of 20th century. They are key contributors to today’s wide use of polymers. On the other hand, physical chemistry had used models, in place

of real polymers, assuming that it would help understand physical characteristics of material. The approach made this branch of science an isolated field, separated from activities of production and application. Furthermore, models often contained un-reasonable assumption and in some case, even wild imagination. In addition, derivation of theory from assumption is so complicated that one had to face a choice of believing or leaving it. This paper is to scrutinize the past approach from the very beginning, by subject to subject. The audience is expected to be familiar with the subjects and no review is intended. The speaker was in industry for 30 years and associated with front-line people in production floor, marketing and sales. The speaker’s duties were to keep up with new developments on basic science at academia and research institutes. The speaker wishes that re-starting new approaches would result in more innovation.

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J Material Sci Eng 2016, 5:6(Suppl)http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044



http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044








"Reaction induced self-assembly”, tracked by small-angle neutron scatteringSatoshi KoizumiIbaraki University, Japan

When we observe structure formations that take place in the natural World, we notice that self-organization occurs continuously and immediately next to the synthesis reaction. An example is cellulose, which usually exhibits excellent

crystallinity via intra- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding due to its symmetrical molecule structure. It is therefore known to be generally insoluble in solvents such as water. However, this is not true for the microbial cellulose films (called pellicle) created by microorganisms (Acetobacter xylimun). Pellicle has a high water content with water making up 99% of the total structure. In other words, it can be denoted that this microorganism has some means of preventing cellulose from crystallizing, keeping it amorphous, and storing a large amount of water in it. Pellicle is thus a supramolecular system assembled by a microorganism. This supramolecular formation process is a continuous self-organizing transition consisting of biosynthesis of cellulose followed by excretion of the cellulose from the bacterium, crystallization, and condensation. The biosynthesis triggers the interplay between the chemistry and physics of the product’s self-organization. To track it, we aimed to perform in-situ observation in the reaction solution by using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this paper, we discuss living anionic polymerization, solid-phase radical polymerization by radiation processes, cellulose biosynthesis, and artificial synthesis of cellulose by enzymatic catalysis.

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Grafting of polypropylene with P-hydroxy-N-phenyl maleimide to use it as a coupling agent in preparation of polypropylene/layered silicates nanocompositesAlaa I Eid1, Marwa E Mohamed1, Gamal R Saad2 and Magdi M Naoum2

1Cairo University, Egypt2Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Egypt

A series of polypropylenes grafted with P-hydroxy-N-phenyl maleimide (P-H-N-PMM) were prepared by mixing in a laboratory high speed mixer followed by reactive extrusion in a twin screw extruder with different ratio of (P-H-N-

PMM) varied from 1% wt up to 4% wt and a fixed percent of dicumyl peroxide initiator. The amount of grafted P-hydroxy-N-phenyl maleimide, the viscosity, the molecular weight distribution and the transition temperatures and enthalpies were measured. The effect of the initial percent of (P-H-N-PMM) on these parameters was characterized. The results showed that the grafting percentage increases by increasing the percent of (P-H-N-PMM) from 1% wt to 3% wt; but by increasing the percent up to 4% wt, the grafting percentage starts to decrease due to homopolymerization of (P-H-N-PMM) during processing. Molecular weight and viscosity decreased with increasing percent of (P-H-N-PMM). Finally, it was found that the melting and crystallization parameters (temperatures, enthalpies) were modified during grafting. The results indicate that the addition, in ratio, from 1 to 3% of polypropylene grafted with P-hydroxy-N-phenyl maleimide [PP-g-(P-H-N-PMM)], can be used as a good compatibilizer or coupling agent in preparation of polypropylene/layered silicates nanocomposites.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044









Shield production of fiber-reinforced polymer composites with HMC methodGökçen A Çiftçioglu, Emine Baş and M A Neşet KadırganMarmara University, Turkey

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have played a dominant role for a long time in a variety of applications for their high specific strength and modulus. Especially, composites are classified via production types such as pultrision, wet lay up,

spray up and molding. In this study, E-glass/resin composite laminates using powder-bond chopped-strand mat and fibers were fabricated using sheet molding compound technique. In preparation of the sheet molding compounds, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester and epoxy were chosen as resin types. Unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester resins, which are very widely used in industry, were investigated in this study. The composites were characterized as high mechanical strength compound (HMC). An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the mechanical, physical and ballistic performance of HMC. The measured mechanical properties of HMC produced with 2400 text hundred wick on 450 g/m2 powder-bonded chopped-strand mat glass fiber and resin systems were compared for the three various resin types. Especially, the flexural strength, tensile strength and modulus were compared through compressed plate in hot mold. The ballistic test result showed that the HMC shields have ballistic resistance against 9 mm fragment simulating projectiles (FSP) up to 435 m/s projectile velocities. The extensions of damages in the composites were evaluated after impact. It was concluded that the HMC shields that made with unsaturated polyester and vinyl ester have capacity against the ballistic threats and potential to be used as shield materials level IIIA.

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Natural polymer, zein, for tissue regenerationJin-Ye WangShanghai Jiao Tong University, China

Zein is the major storage protein of corn and comprises 40-50% of total endosperm proteins. Zein has been used as microspheres to delay the release of drugs and to protect the drugs from degradation by pepsin, thus can release the

drugs for a long time. Our laboratory has developed zein as a novel and potential biomaterial for tissue engineering. Firstly, a three-dimensional zein porous scaffold was prepared and showed to be suitable for culture of various cell lines and primary cells such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The scaffolds are characterized with interconnected pore, controllable pore sizes, especially excellent mechanical properties, which are controllable and suitable to act as bone substitutes. Next, we examined its tissue compatibility in a rabbit subcutaneous implanting model, the histological analysis revealed a good tissue response and degradability. The third, zein porous scaffolds modified with fatty acids have shown great improvement in mechanical properties and also good cell compatibility in vitro. Besides, the complex of zein porous scaffold and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could effectively promote the ectopic bone formation in nude mice and the repair of critical-sized bone defects in the rabbit model.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044








Polymer nanoparticles as surfactant carriers for enhanced oil recoveryJocasta Neves Liborio de AvilaUniversity of Sao Paulo, Brazil

Nowadays, the focus of attention in the oil and gas industry has turned to the new discoveries of oil, such as the ones from pre-salt fields and also to new techniques for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in mature fields. It is well known that even

after the application of primary and secondary recovery techniques a large portion of the original oil remains adhered to the reservoir rocks and is hardly produced. One of the best methods available to promote the production in mature fields is a chemical method of EOR which is based on surfactant solutions injections in the reservoir in order to decrease the interfacial tension of the water/oil systems. However, one of the major issues of this method is the great loss of surfactant molecules through adsorption on the reservoir rock's surface that occurs before the oil containing sites are reached. Therefore, it is an important challenge to develop a technology that would reduce the surfactant losses and still promote the oil displacement. In this context, cross-linked polystyrene nanoparticles have shown a promising ability to carry surfactants and deliver them only at the sites with oil. Their size would allow them to permeate through the reservoir pores (0.1-0.5 microns), and their chemical structure would allow them to swell when in contact with the oil releasing the surfactant at the water/oil interface, decreasing the interfacial tension and releasing the oil that is strongly adhered to the rock's pore surface.

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Development of high strength biofilm using sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and graphene oxideKiran Shahzadi Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, China

There is a great demand of high strength biomaterials in various kind of industries. In current studies we developed a strategy for fabricating high strength biofilm from sodium carboxy methyl cellulose and graphene oxide (GO) using simple and

facile method. Well known hummer method was used to synthesize GO from graphite powder and a simple two step procedure was adopted to get biofilm having the required superb qualities. This film showed splendid mechanical properties having additional fire retardant behavior comparing with pure sodium carboxy methyl cellulose film. Film surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mode. Tensile test of film samples were performed using Universal Testing Machine equipped with 500N load cell at room temperature and an average humidity 20%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm crosslinking mechanism. The nanostructure of prepared biofilm clearly indicated layers under SEM. The stress–strain curve indicated five folds increase in the tensile strength with 0.7% GO and 0.09% borate in biofilm when compared with pure sodium carboxy methyl cellulose film. This modified biofilm showed fire-retardant behavior when exposed to flame, thus confirmed that compactly arranged graphene layers not only improve the mechanical properties but also improve fire resistivity of the biofilm. The simple and novel method used for the preparation of film provides a potential approach that may be utilized in the field of aerospace, tissue engineering and synthesizing flexible supercapacitor electrodes to be used in in different electronic devices.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044








Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and tensile strength of iron ore tailings filled polypropylene compositeOdebiyi Oluwasegun SamuelUniversity of Lagos, Nigeria

Iron ore tailings (IOT) filled polypropylene (PP) composites were produced by reinforcing polypropylene with iron ore tailings which is a waste product. Particle sizes 53 μm, 75 μm and 100 μm were considered for different volume fractions of

0% to 40% at intervals of 5%. The thermal conductivity of the IOT filled PP composites was determined using the transient techniques employed in the KD2 pro thermal analyzer. 30% volume of iron ore tailings gave increase in thermal conductivity of the composite. Tensile test was conducted and the experimental results were compared with theoretical results obtained from suitable mathematical models. It was discovered that the smaller the particle size of the iron ore tailings, the higher the thermal conductivity and tensile strength. The thermal conductivity increases as the volume fraction increase for either particle size. However, the thermal conductivity and tensile strength start to fall from 35% to 40% because the polymer starts to lose its stability at these volume fractions.

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Analysis of heat transfer in a closed cavity ventilated inside Benseghir Omar and Bahmed MohamedUniversity of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria

In this work, we presented a numerical study of the phenomenon of heat transfer through the laminar, incompressible and steady mixed convection in a closed square cavity with the left vertical wall of the cavity is subjected to a warm temperature,

while the right wall is considered to be cold. The horizontal walls are assumed adiabatic. The governing equations were discretized by finite volume method on a staggered mesh and the SIMPLER algorithm was used for the treatment of velocity-pressure coupling. The numerical simulations were performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers 1, 10, 100, and 1000 numbers are equal to 0.01, 0.1 Richardson, 0.5, 1 and 10. The analysis of the results shows a flow bicellular (two cells), one is created by the speed of the fan placed in the inner cavity, one on the left is due to the difference between the temperatures right wall and the left wall. Knowledge of the intensity of each of these cells allowed us to get an original result. And the values obtained from each of Nusselt convection which allows knowing the rate of heat transfer in the cavity. Finally we find that there is a significant influence on the position of the fan on the heat transfer (Nusselt evolution) for values of Reynolds studied and for low values of Richardson handed this influence is negligible for high values of the latter.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044








Development of a novel antimicrobial essential oil based natural hydrogel wound dressingChuysinuan P1, Chimnoi N1, Makarasen A1, Reuk-ngam N1, Supaphol P2 and Techasakul S1

1Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand 2Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

Wound dressing can be developed from traditional passive materials that focused on moisture management and active ingredients delivery in the local wound environment. In this work, new biomaterial wound dressings was developed

based on gelatin containing herbal substances (essential oil), a substance from the plant Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng (Crofton weed) that used as traditional wound healers. The E. adenophorum essential oil was first identified the chemical composition by using GC-MS analysis. The principal components of the oil were p-cymene (16.23%), bornyl acetate (11.84%), amorpha-4, 7(11)-diene (10.51%). The hydrogel wound dressing containing essential oil was then characterized for their antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative in order to elucidate their potential for use as antibacterial wound dressings by using agar disk diffusion methods. The result showed that E. adenophorum essential oil and the essential oil-loaded gelatin hydrogel inhibited the growth of the test pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and increased with increasing the initial amount of essential oil in the hydrogels which confirmed their application as antibacterial wound dressings. The physical properties such as gel fraction, swelling and weight loss behavior, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), release characteristics and tensile strength were investigated to evaluate the usefulness of hydrogel to wound dressing. Furthermore, the potential use of these wound dressings was further assessed in terms of the indirect cytotoxicity, in vitro attachment and proliferation of dermal human fibroblasts cultured in the hydrogel wound dressings.

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Synthesis and characterization of conducting polymer based nanocomposite and their photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue dyeArshid Numan, Syed Shahabuddin, K Ramesh and S RameshUniversity of Malaya, Malaysia

Presently, one of the most essential issues in pollution control from an environmental and biological point of view is the removal of toxic chemicals from waste water. Photocatalysis has appeared as one of the most promising techniques

amongst the wide variety of approaches to degrade menacing waste materials, specifically organic compounds, to less noxious or less harmful materials. Recently, conducting polymers with extend π-conjugated electron systems have been extensively explored for their electronic and optoelectronic properties as photocatalysts materials. The present investigation highlights the facile synthesis of Polyaniline (PANI) based nanocomposites doped with metal oxide nanoparticles such as Co3O4, SrTiO3 etc. via in-situ oxidative polymerization technique using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant in acidic medium for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, BET and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposite photocatalysts. The photocatalytic efficiencies of the photocatalysts were examined by degrading Methylene Blue (MB) under UV light and visible-light irradiation. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of the composite photocatalysts that were doped with metal oxide nanoparticles were higher than that of the undopedpolyaniline. In summary, the studies demonstrate the facile and distinctive route to synthesize metal oxide doped polyaniline nanocomposite with large specific surface area, uniform nanopore distribution, and good photocatalytic performance, through an in situ oxidative polymerisation procedure. Metal oxide nanoparticles doped into the matrix of PANI homopolymer demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic activity indicating the synergistic phenomenon between the conducting polymer and the semiconducting metal oxides. The proposed technique may be used for the synthesis of numerous nanocomposites materials, with other conducting polymers addressing the present day issues of environmental pollution caused by various organic pollutants.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044









Synthesis, characterization and applications of conductive polymersSharad M SontakkeInstitute of Chemical Technology, India

Conducting polymers find wide application in fields like sensors, batteries, membranes, capacitors etc. Among all the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are widely investigated, owing to their easy synthesis

process and applicability in many fields. These polymers can be synthesized using either chemical or electrochemical oxidative polymerization technique. In present work, synthesis of PANI and PPy was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization. The effect of temperature and monomer: oxidant ratio on synthesis of PANI was investigated. Whereas, effect of type of oxidant and solvent on synthesis of PPy, was studied. Both the synthesized polymers, for which optimum value of conductivity was observed, were further characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TGA and DSC. The synthesized PANI confirmed crystalline nature and fiber like morphology. The synthesized PPy was of amorphous in nature with spherical morphology. Synthesis of pure polysulfone membrane and its composite membranes with PANI and PPy was carried out using immersion precipitation phase inversion technique. The synthesized membranes were characterized by FTIR, confocal microscopy and TGA. The performance properties of synthesized membranes, such as pure water flux, permeability, hydrophilicity, pore size, porosity, flux recovery ratio, were investigated. It was observed that, addition of conducting polymers increases the hydrophilicity, pore size, anti fouling tendency of the membrane.

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Effect of external process (sterilization) on the plastic injection moulded partsTrivikrama Bhanoji Pala and I Joga RaoNew Jersey Institute of Technology, USA

External processes like sterilization on plastics have become an important factor in industry. Sterilization is very common process in the medical device industry to ensure the safety of the devices. Product designer needs to be cognizant of the effect

of sterilization in plastic injection molded parts. An experimental method is conducted to find out the effect of the mechanical properties such as tensile strength analysis and also Creep analysis on the injection molded parts before and after sterilization (radiation). Injection molded specimen made up of PP (polypropylene) with gamma radiation of 25 kGy (kilogray) dose was considered for study. Radiation interacts with polymers in two ways: Chain scission; which results in reduced tensile strength and elongation and crosslinking; which increases tensile strength but reduces elongation. Both reactions occur simultaneously but one is usually dominant, depending upon the specific polymer and additives involved. The results of Creep analysis are used in finite element methods to solve the impact of creep between the parts under load over time. Manufacturers should be cognizant of the possible impact of radiation on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, impact strength and elongation. Outcomes may influence performance and should be evaluated in advance by functional testing.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044








Conducting polymer electrolytes for fuel cell applicationsM MuthuvinayagamKalasalingam University, India

The polymer electrolytes composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride)PVdF and poly(vinyl alcohol)PVA with various ratios of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) salt have been prepared by solution casting method. The increase in amorphous

nature of polymer electrolytes has been confirmed by XRD analysis. The polymer-salt interactions have been analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The Scanning Electron Micrographs affirm the smooth morphology of the polymer electrolytes. A shift in glass transition temperature (Tg) of the electrolytes has been observed from the DSC thermogram which indicates the interaction between polymers and salt. The conductivity and dielectric measurements are carried out on these films as a function of frequency at various temperatures. From the complex impedance spectroscopy, the conductivity is found to be increased in the order of 10-9 -10-3 S/cm at room temperature with the increase in salt concentration. The ionic transference number of the mobile ions has been estimated by Wagner’s polarization method and the results reveal that the conducting species are predominantly due to ions.

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Modulation of surface hydrophobicity by polymer deposition on micro and nanostructured surfaces and its effect on cells adhesionAndrej Orinak, Jan Macko and Renata Orinakova University of P.J.Safarik in Kosice, SlovakiaKomensky University in Bratislava, Slovakia

A unique intensive gain of surface hydrophobicity has been observed on the differently polar polymer layers, spin-coated directly on the previously prepared nanostructured nickel surface to form nanohybrids. Nanostructured nickel layer has

been prepared by electrochemical deposition to form random polyhedral crystalline nanostructure. Hydrophobicity extension of nanohybrid surfaces increased nearly linearly with decreasing polarity of single polymers applied and maximum increase in hydrophobicity value obtained was 32%. In nanostructured surface declared functionality of surface hydrophobicity extension has not been confirmed on microstructured silver surfaces with dendritic particle geometry where increase in polymer covered surface hydrophobicity was about 6%. Effect on free surface energy, polarizability and hydrophobicity of the surfaces was investigated. The main feature in surface hydrophobicity change was entirely dependent on density of the microparticles. A surface hydrophobicity depended pre-dominantly on the length of dendrite and not on its width geometry. The highest silver surface hydrophobicity has been observed on surface prepared by 30 current pulses with pulse duration of 1 second; the lowest one, when deposition was performed by 10 current pulses with duration of 0.1 second. Partial surface tension coefficients γDS and polarizability kS of the silver surfaces were calculated. Finally, metallic nanorod surfaces with 50 nm and 500 nm particles high showed superhydrophobic properties. Mentioned effect incresed with nanoparticle size. Preparation of random nanostructured surfaces is easy and inexpensive, with many proposed applications where hydrophobic surfaces are required. This also can tend as a model for preparation of the surfaces with cell anti-adhesion and antimicrobial activity. Comparison of particles uniformity could be used to modify surfaces and to modulate human cells and bacteria adhesion on body implants, surgery instruments and clean surfaces.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044









Effect of irradiated oligosaccharides (sodium alginate and chitosan) on selective vegetables and crops as growth promoter in respect of yield, disease control action and nutrient contentFerdous Aktar1, Papia Haque1, A I Mustafa2 and Mubarak Ahmad Khan3

1University of Dhaka, Bangladesh 2Daffodil International University, Bangladesh3Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh

Radiation processing of biomaterials is an area of current research for development of new applications. Consequently, the present study was designed to evaluate the potential uses of biomaterials like - Chitosan and Sodium alginate as plant growth

promoter, nutrient contents and anti-fungal agent. Chitosan and sodium alginate solutions were treated with Co-60 gamma rays at 12 KGy radiation dose. At first different concentrations (20, 50, 120, 300 & 500 ppm) applied through foliar spraying at 7 days interval on selective vegetables, crops and fruits i.e. tomato, egg plant, cabbage, potato, maize, red leafy, green coriander, water melon, cucumber, rice, jute and betel vine for 30 to 90 days. It was found that the efficiency of irradiated biomaterials on these selective vegetables, crops and fruits were remarkable. However, further experiments are needed throughout the year to evaluate the actual growth promoting and anti-fungal activity of irradiated biomaterials on betel vine plants. Except this, their mixtures (70% alginate+30% chitosan) were also applied through foliar spraying on betel vine plants for 30 days. The results obtained by treatment with irradiated chitosan and sodium alginate showed increase in productivity and nutrient uptake and it reduced the disease and total fungal count dramatically. The mixture of these biopolymers also proved to reduce fungal count more than 100 times in contrast with the control, besides this other concentration of chitosan and alginate were also found to reduce fungal count at a high rate. Both of these oligosaccharides were showed the potent actions against the diseases of betel vine plants in contrast with control. In case of sensory evaluation test, chitosan treated betel leaves were positioned the best acceptance.

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Non-affinity of the erythrocyte membrane – The role of band 3 rearrangement under thermal fluctuationsIvana Pajic LijakovicBelgrade University, Serbia

The erythrocyte membrane structural changes under thermal fluctuations are considered in the context of energy transfer and dissipation caused by the cortex-bilayer coupling. The fluctuations induce alternating expansion and compression of

the membrane parts in order to ensure surface and volume conservation. These changes could induce phosphorylation of some actin junctions due to ensuring the membrane integrity and function which cause additional energy dissipation. The liberated parts of the spectrin filaments freely fluctuate. Their fluctuations induce excitation of the surrounding band 3-spectrin low affinity complexes and influence their association-dissociation dynamics. Dissociated band 3 molecules could freely diffuse through the membrane. The freely diffusing band 3 molecules could form clusters which induces additional structural in-homogeneities. High affinity band 3-ankyrin complexes located near the center of spectrin tetramers survive these energetic perturbations. Consequently, the spectrin filament conformations are dependent on the state of: (1) band 3 complexes with adducin located at the spectrin-actin junction complexes and (2) band 3 complexes with spectrin located along the spectrin filaments. Complex dynamics of the single filament conformations is connected with cumulative effects of changes the state of the protein complexes. These structural changes caused anomalous nature of energy dissipation with damping effects. The spectrin mobility reduction is the key factor which influences the spectrin inter-filament interactions and the cortex nonlinear stiffening in affine regime (for smaller relaxation times). Nonlinear nature of the cortex stiffening in non-affine regime (for higher relaxation times) is connected with the spectrin intra-filament interactions.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044









Synthesis of novel magnetic nanomaterials from functionalized polyolefin oligomers through sustainable chemistryManyam Praveen KumarTexas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar

Nowadays terminally functionalized polyolefin oligomers can be modified to serve as solubilizing agents to make various polyolefin additives highly soluble in melt phases. Moreover, we have functionalized polyethylene (PE), polypropylene

(PP) and Polyisobutylene (PIB) oligomers, converting them into a wide variety of derivatives. For example, antioxidants and photostabilizers are the most prevalent additives for polymers, particularly for polyolefins. Both are important in protecting products during high temperature processing and providing them with longer lifetimes in service under environmentally stressful conditions. These additives could be bind to functionalized oligomers and melt mixed into the desired materials homogeneously. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have a versatile scope of applications than carbon nanotubes as they are used in biomedicine, in catalysis, and in materials chemistry. Moreover, MNPs have also been used to form nanocomposites with PE and PP. Polyolefin composites/MNP are currently investigated at Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO, at Qatar) with loadings and microscopy studies. Moreoever, we have efficiently synthesized PE and PIB oligomer bound dyes, and use these oligomers to design nanoparticles (MNPs) that are soluble in PE and PP melts. These bound species will then be used to modify bulk PE and PP solids or to modify the surface of PE and PP powders or films. These materials will be tested in collaboration with QAPCO’s R&D labs and commercialize in future.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2169-0022.C1.044


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