Poster OBS OPS

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Switching is a method of transmitting orrelaying datathrough telephone lines.The switching is playing an eminent role in the telecommunication networks over the years for transferring and handling data and voice through the existing traditional switching nodes in the telecommunication networks. This paper presents comparative study of two switching technologies that are in the developing stage: Optical Packet Switching (OPS) and Optical Burst Switching (OBS). Keeping in view that the OPS would see rapid development in the near future than the OBS, though OBS would be the ultimate solution of switching for the bulk volume of telephone and data traffic.

ABSTRACT

OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING ARCHITECTURE

There are three types of optical packet switching architectures based on the switching fabric. The architectures proposed are: space switch, broadcast-and-select, and wavelength routing.

SPACE Switch

The arrangement of the switch isNNfor both the input and output interface, as shown in the below figure. Each of the fiber links has gotnwavelengths.There are three parts in the switching fabric:space switch, optical packet encoder, andoptical packet buffer.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING AND

OPTICAL BURST SWITCHING

D.HemaLatha1, D. Rama Krishna Reddy2,Azmath Mubeen3, K. Sudha4

INTRODUCTION

The main aim of the optical switches is to connect two ends of an optical transmission path. With the optical switch the user data remains as an optical signal throughout its travel duration. The goal of such a switch is to make signals all optical from the starting to the endBROADCAST-and-SELECT SwitchHere all the packets from the input ports are combined on different wavelengths and broadcast to all the outputs. Wavelength selectors are used to choose the output packet. Thus the switch itself leads to multicasting. Two different architectures : KEOPS Switch with a Broadcast-and-Select switch with Broadcast-and-Select and Recirculation Buffer.KEOPS Switch with a Broadcast-and-SelectIn this all the input and output fibers carry single wavelengthHowever, the wavelength of an output changes with the packet. The switch fabric contains three blocks, they are: Buffer, Encoder and Selector.

Switch with Broadcast-and-Select and Recirculation BufferThis switch wasdeveloped from ATM switch. All input and output fibers carrysingle wavelength. Theoutput wavelength changes with packet. Theswitch is implemented with a coupler thatconnects incoming wavelengths through tunablewavelength converter (TWC) and distributesthrough tunable optical filters (TOF) and fixedoptical filters (FOF). A control unit controls this slotted switch.

WAVELENGTH ROUTING SWITCH ARCHITECTURES

The various architectures for wavelength routing technique, which operates as two phases : ODL are used to solve congestion or contention; the packets are routed to output using wavelength routing.The switching architectures are: input buffer, input buffer with a distribution network, and WASPNET.

An input-buffered switch.

Input Buffer SwitchThis switch consists of switching and scheduling sections, shown in fig 4. Incoming and outgoing ports carry single wavelengths. The output wavelength changes with packets. Scheduling section is used to resolve congestions . The delay rule for this switch is that for a single time slot, outputs cannot receive two similarpackets. The disadvantage of this switch is that it may experience of line blocking.Input-Buffered Switch with a Distribution Network

This switch was developed as part of the KEOPS project. In this switch the

output wavelength changes with packets. It also has contention resolution

and switching parts. This switch provides distribution and input buffer at the

input which distributes the incoming packets to buffers. The

distribution part solves line blocking.

WASPNET Switch

Wavelength Switch Optical Packet Network (WASPNET) . This comprises of TWC on both sides of the AWG. The first set ofNTWC for the incoming packets on the left of the AWG selects packets to be retransmitted or re-circulated; the remainingNTWC transforms packets into wavelengths for the output as needed by the switch, where more packets remain than the incoming and outgoing packets. One advantage is that it supports priority.

OPTICAL BURST SWITCHINGOptical Burst Switch (OBS) adapted International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) standard for burst switching in ATM Networks, known as ATM block transfer (ABT)..

The burst scheduler develops burst and their corresponding control packets, adjust or adapt the offset time for each burst, schedule each burst on each output path and forward the bursts and their control signals to the centre network [11]. Modern study and research present that various assembly strategies affect the assembled bursts traffic's characteristics [12, 13].Assembly algorithms can be classified into three categories:timer-based,burst-length-based, andmixed timer-burst-length. major assembly protocols are:Just in Time (JIT) and Just Enough Time (JET).Discussions

Basic switching node architectures are discussed . So according to that study it is clear that all-optical switching may not be economically feasible in the near future because of scientific and technical constricts. The optical packet switching (OPS) strategy may be the only choice for faster transmission network backbones. It is discovered that for a 1 millisecond delay, 200 kilometers of fiber is required. This can be achieved by semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA), still it will take some more time before OBS could be used in the transmission backbones networks. A comparison between optical packet switching (OPS) and the optical burst switching (OBS) is illustrated in the Table 1. According to the comparison shown in Table 1, it is discovered that the methods for processing and synchronization of the overhead for OBS are better than the OPS. The main advantage, of OBS is that the OBS do not require any optical buffer for storing data in the switching node.

Table 1: [4]

CONCLUSION

The differences between optical packet switching (OPS) and optical burst witching (OBS) and various switches also the conceptions comparing with existing optical switches are discussed in this paper. But, the economical aspects for the OBS are not discussed. This paper tried to comprehend different researches those were done in the past for OPS and OBS. Both the OPS and OBS are in the exploratory stage. One of the disadvantages in developing commercially feasible optical packet switches is that there are no effecting optical buffers. Also IP packet transmission is needed to be solved, with concern to the size, memory capability and capacity, nature of theopto-electric interfaces. Though optical burst switches appear to be more appropriate for commercial use, no optical buffering is included. Still much work and research can be done in future on OBS.

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Head, Dept. of Physics, O .U.C.W,Koti. for giving us the opportunity to present our paper and encouragement.

A National Seminar on Physics & Quality of Life

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