Poster at the International Biogeography Society Meetings in Bayreuth 2015
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5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 T i m e ( M a ) l n ( l i n e a g e s ) 0 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 4 5 N u m b e r o f s p e c i a t i o n e v e n t s ( e x t a n t s p e c i e s ) C o u n t s P e r i o d p r e Q u a t e r n a r y Q u a t e r n a r y Thanks! Nancy B. Simmons at the American Museum of Natural History; Robert J. Baker at the Museum of Texas Tech University; Chris Conroy at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California, Berkeley; Kris Helgen at the National Museum of Natural History; Burton Lim and Judith Eger at the Royal Ontario Museum; and Bruce Patterson and John D. Phelps at the Field Museum. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (DEB-0949759) to LMD. DR was supported by Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (www.fct.pt), fellowship SFRH/BPD/97707/2013. The elusive case for neotropical refugia Danny Rojas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro & Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University Omar M. Warsi, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University Liliana M. Dávalos, CIDER & Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, [email protected] ● Glacial refugia remain controversial as a mechanism of neotropical speciation ● We estimate ancestral areas and simulate diversification rates to test neotropical Pleistocene refugia ● Null models of constant speciation and extinction rates always show more speciation events in the Pleistocene ● The age of extant sister species fails to test glacial refugia as a mechanism of speciation ● Instead, testing the Pleistocene refugia hypothesis requires modeling diversification rates through time C h i r o d e r m a t r i n i t a t u m P l a t y r r h i n u s h e l l e r i P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i p a r n e l l i i A n o u r a l a t i d e n s P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i p o r t o r i c e n s i s S t u r n i r a p a u l s o n i S t u r n i r a m a g n a A r t i b e u s a z t e c u s A r t i b e u s w a t s o n i A r t i b e u s c i n e r e u s L o p h o s t o m a e v o t i s P l a t a l i n a g e n o v e n s i u m A r t i b e u s g n o m u s S t u r n i r a s p . L o n c h o r h i n a o r i n o c e n s i s M i c r o n y c t e r i s h i r s u t a N o c t i l i o a l b i v e n t r i s C h o e r o n y c t e r i s m e x i c a n a L o p h o s t o m a c a r r i k e r i P l a t y r r h i n u s a u r a r i u s P l a t y r r h i n u s b r a c h y c e p h a l u s S t u r n i r a b i d e n s S t u r n i r a l i l i u m B r a c h y p h y l l a c a v e r n a r u m M i c r o n y c t e r i s m i n u t a P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i r u b i g i n o s u s 3 A r t i b e u s a n d e r s e n i S t u r n i r a n a n a S t u r n i r a k o o p m a n h i l l i S t u r n i r a a n g e l i A r t i b e u s a m p l u s A r t i b e u s p h a e o t i s P l a t y r r h i n u s l i n e a t u s C a r o l l i a p e r s p i c i l l a t a T r i n y c t e r i s n i c e f o r i S t u r n i r a b a k e r i L i o n y c t e r i s s p u r r e l l i P y g o d e r m a b i l a b i a t u m A r t i b e u s p l a n i r o s t r i s M u s o n y c t e r i s h a r r i s o n i M i c r o n y c t e r i s s p . V a m p y r e s s a p u s i l l a B r a c h y p h y l l a n a n a n a n a P h y l l o p s f a l c a t u s A r t i b e u s l i t u r a t u s L a m p r o n y c t e r i s b r a c h y o t i s P h y l l o s t o m u s e l o n g a t u s R h i n o p h y l l a f i s c h e r a e P l a t y r r h i n u s a l b e r i c o i G l o s s o p h a g a l o n g i r o s t r i s A r t i b e u s j a m a i c e n s i s A m e t r i d a c e n t u r i o A r t i b e u s f i m b r i a t u s A n o u r a g e o f f r o y i D i p h y l l a e c a u d a t a M o n o p h y l l u s r e d m a n i M i c r o n y c t e r i s g i o v a n n i a e D i a e m u s y o u n g i R h i n o p h y l l a p u m i l i o L o n c h o p h y l l a d e k e y s e r i C h o e r o n i s c u s m i n o r B r a c h y p h y l l a n a n a p u m i l a R h i n o p h y l l a a l e t h i n a P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i r u b i g i n o s u s 2 A r i t e u s f l a v e s c e n s L o p h o s t o m a s i l v i c o l u m c e n t r a l i s S t u r n i r a l u i s i M i m o n c r e n u l a t u m P t e r o n o t u s p e r s o n a t u s p s i l o t i s S t u r n i r a p a r v i d e n s A n o u r a c u l t r a t a P l a t y r r h i n u s n i g e l l u s S t u r n i r a l u d o v i c i G l y p h o n y c t e r i s s y l v e s t r i s T h y r o p t e r a t r i c o l o r T h y r o p t e r a d i s c i f e r a C a r o l l i a c a s t a n e a M e s o p h y l l a m a c c o n n e l l i A n o u r a c a u d i f e r V a m p y r e s s a m e l i s s a V a m p y r u m s p e c t r u m L i c h o n y c t e r i s o b s c u r a A r t i b e u s f r a t e r c u l u s L o n c h o p h y l l a h a n d l e y i L e p t o n y c t e r i s c u r a s o a e S t u r n i r a b u r t o n l i m i P t e r o n o t u s m a c l e a y i i P l a t y r r h i n u s m a s u G l o s s o p h a g a s o r i c i n a M i m o n b e n n e t t i i P t e r o n o t u s d a v y i f u l v u s S t u r n i r a h o n d u r e n s i s G l y p h o n y c t e r i s d a v i e s i S t u r n i r a t i l d a e S t u r n i r a o p o r a p h i l u m L o n c h o r h i n a i n u s i t a t a V a m p y r e s s a n y m p h a e a V a m p y r e s s a t h y o n e M o r m o o p s m e g a l o p h y l l a S t u r n i r a e r y t h r o m o s M i c r o n y c t e r i s b r o s s e t i P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i p u s i l l u s L o n c h o r h i n a a u r i t a C a r o l l i a b e n k e i t h i P t e r o n o t u s p e r s o n a t u s p e r s o n a t u s L o n c h o p h y l l a m o r d a x P h y l l o s t o m u s d i s c o l o r M a c r o t u s w a t e r h o u s i i m e x i c a n u s G l o s s o p h a g a c o m m i s s a r i s i M i c r o n y c t e r i s h o m e z i M i c r o n y c t e r i s m e g a l o t i s A r t i b e u s g l a u c u s P l a t y r r h i n u s m a t a p a l e n s i s L o n c h o p h y l l a c h o c o a n a P l a t y r r h i n u s i s m a e l i E n c h i s t h e n e s h a r t i i P h y l l o s t o m u s l a t i f o l i u s M a c r o t u s c a l i f o r n i c u s P t e r o n o t u s d a v y i d a v y i P h y l l o n y c t e r i s p o e y i p o e y i A r t i b e u s b o g o t e n s i s L o n c h o p h y l l a r o b u s t a V a m p y r o d e s m a j o r P l a t y r r h i n u s i n c a r u m C h o e r o n i s c u s g o d m a n i P l a t y r r h i n u s d o r s a l i s M i c r o n y c t e r i s m a t s e s P h y l l o s t o m u s h a s t a t u s M a c r o t u s w a t e r h o u s i i w a t e r h o u s i i M y z o p o d a a u r i t a L o p h o s t o m a s i l v i c o l u m l a e p h o t i s A r t i b e u s i n c o m i t a t u s L e p t o n y c t e r i s y e r b a b u e n a e M i c r o n y c t e r i s m i c r o t i s V a m p y r o d e s c a r a c c i o l i U r o d e r m a b i l o b a t u m L o p h o s t o m a s c h u l z i T o n a t i a b i d e n s T h y r o p t e r a l a v a l i T o n a t i a s a u r o p h i l a M a c r o p h y l l u m m a c r o p h y l l u m F u r i p t e r u s h o r r e n s C a r o l l i a s u b r u f a M y s t a c i n a t u b e r c u l a t a A r t i b e u s s c h w a r t z i D e s m o d u s r o t u n d u s T r a c h o p s c i r r h o s u s A r t i b e u s o b s c u r u s S p h a e r o n y c t e r i s t o x o p h y l l u m S t u r n i r a p e r l a A r t i b e u s i n t e r m e d i u s C h i r o d e r m a s a l v i n i E c t o p h y l l a a l b a S t e n o d e r m a r u f u m M i m o n c o z u m e l a e A r d o p s n i c h o l l s i S t u r n i r a m o r d a x C e n t u r i o s e n e x P h y l l o d e r m a s t e n o p s M o r m o o p s b l a i n v i l l e i C h i r o d e r m a d o r i a e C h i r o d e r m a v i l l o s u m H y l o n y c t e r i s u n d e r w o o d i N o c t i l i o l e p o r i n u s P l a t y r r h i n u s i n f u s c u s M i c r o n y c t e r i s s c h m i d t o r u m L o p h o s t o m a b r a s i l i e n s e C h i r o d e r m a i m p r o v i s u m A r t i b e u s c o n c o l o r P t e r o n o t u s q u a d r i d e n s C h r o t o p t e r u s a u r i t u s A r t i b e u s h i r s u t u s S t u r n i r a b o g o t e n s i s E r o p h y l l a s e z e k o r n i C a r o l l i a s o w e l l i M o n o p h y l l u s p l e t h o d o n S t u r n i r a a r a t a t h o m a s i E r o p h y l l a b o m b i f r o n s P t e r o n o t u s g y m n o n o t u s C a r o l l i a b r e v i c a u d a G l o s s o p h a g a l e a c h i i P l a t y r r h i n u s v i t t a t u s G l o s s o p h a g a m o r e n o i P l a t y r r h i n u s r e c i f i n u s V a m p y r e s s a b r o c k i U r o d e r m a m a g n i r o s t r u m A r t i b e u s i n o p i n a t u s L o n c h o p h y l l a t h o m a s i A r t i b e u s t o l t e c u s L o n c h o p h y l l a h e s p e r i a P t e r o n o t u s p a r n e l l i i r u b i g i n o s u s 1 V a m p y r e s s a b i d e n s P h y l l o n y c t e r i s poeyi o b t u s a P h y l l o n y c t e r i s a p h y l l a Holocene Pleistocene Pliocene Miocene Oligocene Eocene Quaternary Neogene Paleogene 95% High probability density interval Posterior probability 1.0 0 Time-calibrated Bayesian phylogeny of New World Noctilionoidea. Maximum clade credibility tree summarizing Bayesian posterior molecular phylogenies (log-likelihood = -161972 ± 17). Color of the circles at the nodes represents Bayesian posterior probabilities. Bars at the nodes represent the 95% high probability density intervals of node ages. Colors of the epochs follow the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Outgroups appear in gray font. Paraphyletic genera appear in color. Cladogenesis in the phylogeny of New World Noctilionoidea. Left: number of Quaternary and pre-Quaternary speciation events for extant species across the uncorrelated posterior sample of 871 time-calibrated trees of noctilionoids. Right: lineage-through-time (LTT) plot for the posterior sample of trees (gray), maximum clade credibility tree shown in black. Quaternary and pre-Quaternary speciation events between extant species across trees simulated using birth-death models with different speciation (b) and extinction (d) rates. 0 10 20 30 40 Ma S o u t h A m e r i c a ( S ) C e n t r a l a n d N o r t h A m e r i c a ( C ) A n t i l l e s ( A ) S + C S + A C + A S + C + A Biogeographic analysis of New World Noctilionoidea. The best-fit to the geographic distributions was the Dispersal- Extinction Cladogenetic model with founder-event speciation (DEC+J, log-likelihood = -294). Rates in events per million years: rate of anagenetic range expansion (d) = 0.025, rate of anagenetic range contraction (e) = 0.1 × 10 -11 , relative per-event weight of jump dispersal at cladogenesis (j) = 0.031. Pie charts at nodes up to generic level indicate marginal maximum likelihood probabilities for estimated ancestral areas. Genera are indicated with vertical (two or more species) or horizontal (monotypic genus) lines to the right of the current distribution of taxa. Ecology & Evolution
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Transcript of Poster at the International Biogeography Society Meetings in Bayreuth 2015
50 40 30 20 10 0
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1
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Time (Ma)
ln(li
neag
es)
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20 25 30 35 40 45Number of speciation events (extant species)
Cou
nts
Periodpre QuaternaryQuaternary
Thanks!Nancy B. Simmons at the American Museum of Natural History; Robert J. Baker at the Museum of Texas Tech University; Chris Conroy at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University of California, Berkeley; Kris
Helgen at the National Museum of Natural History; Burton Lim and Judith Eger at the Royal Ontario Museum; and
Bruce Patterson and John D. Phelps at the Field Museum. This study was supported by the National Science
Foundation (DEB-0949759) to LMD. DR was supported by Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (www.fct.pt), fellowship SFRH/BPD/97707/2013.
The elusive case for neotropical refugiaDanny Rojas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro & Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University
Omar M. Warsi, Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook UniversityLiliana M. Dávalos, CIDER & Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, [email protected]
● Glacial refugia remain controversial as a mechanism of neotropical speciation ● We estimate ancestral areas and simulate diversification rates to test neotropical Pleistocene refugia
● Null models of constant speciation and extinction rates always show more speciation events in the Pleistocene● The age of extant sister species fails to test glacial refugia as a mechanism of speciation
● Instead, testing the Pleistocene refugia hypothesis requires modeling diversification rates through timeCh
irode
rma t
rinita
tum
Platyrrhinus helleri
Pteronotus parnellii parnellii
Anoura latidens
Pteronotus
parnellii p
ortoricen
sis
Sturnira
paulson
i
Sturnir
a magn
a
Artibeus aztecus
Artibeus watsoni
Artibeus cinereus
Lophostoma evotis
Platalina genovensium
Artibeus gnomus
Sturni
ra sp.
Lonchorhina orinocensis
Micro
nycte
ris hi
rsuta
Noctilio albiventris
Choeronycteris mexicana
Lophostoma carrikeri
Platyrrhinus aurarius
Platyrrhinus brachycephalus
Sturnira bi
dens
Sturnira l
ilium
Brachyphylla cavernarumMi
crony
cteris
minu
ta
Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus 3
Artibeus anderseniSturn
ira nana
Sturni
ra ko
opma
nhilli
Sturnira a
ngeli
Artibeus amplus
Artibeus phaeotis
Platyrrhinus lineatus
Carollia perspicillata
Trinycteris nicefori
Sturnir
a bake
ri
Lionycteris spurrelli
Pygoderma bilabiatum
Artibeus planirostris
Musonycteris harrisoni
Micro
nycte
ris sp
.
Vamp
yress
a pus
illa
Brachyphylla nana nana
Phyllops falcatus
Artibeus lituratus
Lampro
nycter
is brac
hyotis
Phyllostomus elongatus
Rhinophylla fischerae
Platyrrhinus albericoi
Glossophaga longirostris
Artibeus jamaicensis
Ametrida centurio
Artibeus fimbriatus
Anoura geoffroyi
Diph
ylla e
caud
ata
Monophyllus redmani
Micro
nycte
ris gi
ovan
niae
Diae
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Rhinophylla pumilio
Lonchophylla dekeyseri
Choeroniscus minor
Brachyphylla nana pumila
Rhinophylla alethina
Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus 2
Ariteus flavescens
Lophostoma silvicolum centralis
Sturnira
luisi
Mimon crenulatum
Pteronotu
s person
atus psi
lotis
Sturnir
a parv
idens
Anoura cultrata
Platyrrhinus nigellusSturn
ira lu
dovic
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Glyphonycteris sylvestris
Thyroptera tricolor
Thyroptera discifera
Carollia castanea
Meso
phyll
a mac
conn
elli
Anoura caudifer
Vamp
yress
a meli
ssa
Vamp
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spec
trum
Lichonycteris obscura
Artibeus fraterculus
Lonchophylla handleyi
Leptonycteris curasoae
Sturni
ra bu
rtonli
mi
Pteronotu
s macle
ayii
Platyrrhinus masu
Glossophaga soricina
Mimo
n ben
nettii
Pteronot
us davy
i fulvus
Sturni
ra ho
ndure
nsis
Glyphonycteris daviesi
Sturni
ra tild
ae
Sturnira o
poraphil
um
Lonchorhina inusitata
Vamp
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a nym
phae
a Vampyressa thyone
Mormoops megalophylla
Sturnir
a eryth
romos
Micro
nycte
ris br
osse
ti
Pteronotu
s parnell
ii pusillu
s
Lonchorhina aurita
Carollia benkeithi
Pteronotu
s person
atus per
sonatus
Lonchophylla mordax
Phyllostomus discolor
Macrotu
s wate
rhousi
i mexi
canus
Glossophaga commissarisi
Micro
nycte
ris ho
mezi
Micro
nycte
ris m
egalo
tis
Artibeus glaucus
Platyrrhinus matapalensis
Lonchophylla chocoana
Platyrrhinus ismaeli
Enchisthenes hartii
Phyllostomus latifolius
Macrotu
s calif
ornicu
s
Pteron
otus d
avyi da
vyi
Phyllonycteris poeyi poeyi
Artibeus bogotensis
Lonchophylla robusta
Vampyrodes major
Platyrrhinus incarum
Choeroniscus godmani
Platyrrhinus dorsalis
Micro
nycte
ris m
atses
Phyllostomus hastatus
Macrotu
s wate
rhousi
i wate
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Myzopoda aurita
Lophostoma silvicolum laephotis
Artibeus incomitatus
Leptonycteris yerbabuenae
Micro
nycte
ris m
icroti
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Vampyrodes caraccioli
Urod
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iloba
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Lophostoma schulzi Tona
tia bi
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Thyroptera lavali
Tona
tia sa
urop
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Macro
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acro
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um
Furipterus horrens
Carollia subrufa
Mystacina tuberculata
Artibeus schwartzi
Desm
odus
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dus
Trac
hops
cirrh
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Artibeus obscurus
Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum
Sturni
ra pe
rla
Artibeus intermedius
Chiro
derm
a salv
ini
Ectophylla alba
Stenoderma rufum
Mimo
n coz
umela
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Ardops nichollsi
Sturni
ra mo
rdax
Centurio senex
Phylloderma stenops
Mormoops blainvillei
Chiro
derm
a dor
iaeCh
irode
rma v
illosu
m
Hylonycteris underwoodi
Noctilio leporinus
Platyrrhinus infuscus
Micronyc
teris s
chmidto
rum
Lophostoma brasiliense
Chiro
derm
a imp
rovis
um
Artibeus concolor
Pteronotu
s quadr
idens
Chro
topter
us au
ritus
Artibeus hirsutus
Sturni
ra bo
goten
sis
Erophylla sezekorni
Carollia sowelli
Monophyllus plethodon
Sturnira a
ratathom
asi
Erophylla bombifronsPtero
notus
gymnon
otus
Carollia brevicauda
Glossophaga leachii
Platyrrhinus vittatus
Glossophaga morenoi
Platyrrhinus recifinus
Vamp
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a bro
cki
Urod
erma m
agnir
ostru
m
Artibeus inopinatus
Lonchophylla thomasi
Artibeus toltecus
Lonchophylla hesperia
Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus 1
Vamp
yress
abide
ns
Phyllonycteris poeyiobtusa
Phyllonycterisaphylla
HolocenePleistocenePlioceneMioceneOligoceneEocene
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
95% High probability density interval
Posterior probability
1.0
0
Time-calibrated Bayesian phylogeny of New World Noctilionoidea. Maximum clade credibility tree summarizing Bayesian posterior molecular phylogenies (log-likelihood = -161972 ± 17). Color of the circles at the nodes represents Bayesian posterior probabilities. Bars at the nodes represent the 95% high probability density intervals of node ages. Colors of the epochs follow the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Outgroups appear in gray font. Paraphyletic genera appear in color.
Cladogenesis in the phylogeny of New World Noctilionoidea. Left: number of Quaternary and pre-Quaternary speciation events for extant species across the uncorrelated posterior sample of 871 time-calibrated trees of noctilionoids. Right: lineage-through-time (LTT) plot for the posterior sample of trees (gray), maximum clade credibility tree shown in black.
Quaternary and pre-Quaternary speciation events between extant species across trees simulated using birth-death models with different speciation (b) and extinction (d) rates.
010203040 Ma
South America (S)Central and North America (C)Antilles (A)S + CS + AC + AS + C + A
Biogeographic analysis of New World Noctilionoidea. The best-fit to the geographic distributions was the Dispersal- Extinction Cladogenetic model with founder-event speciation (DEC+J, log-likelihood = -294). Rates in events per million years: rate of anagenetic range expansion (d) = 0.025, rate of anagenetic range contraction (e) = 0.1 × 10-11, relative per-event weight of jump dispersal at cladogenesis (j) = 0.031. Pie charts at nodes up to generic level indicate marginal maximum likelihood probabilities for estimated ancestral areas. Genera are indicated with vertical (two or more species) or horizontal (monotypic genus) lines to the right of the current distribution of taxa.
Ecology & Evolution
