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Creation of UN

� United Nations, 1945� To promote world peace

� General Assembly (all members)

� Economic & Social Council

� International Court of Justice

� International Criminal Court

� Security Council (10 rotating + 5 permanent)� China, France, Russia, U.K., & U.S. (each w/ veto power)

� Secretariat (led by Secretary-General)

Home Front Transition

� Demobilization

� Active duty: 12 million to 1.5 mill

� Defense expenses: $76 billion to $20 bill

� Fear of unemployment

○ Encourage women to return home

○ GI Bill (hospitals, home loans, & college)

Home Front Transition

� Economic Boom

� $6 billion tax cut & corporate investment

� Renewed consumerism

� Bretton Woods Agreement (1944)

○ IMF: pegged foreign currencies to U.S. dollar

○ World Bank: loans to rebuild Asia & Europe

� Other countries in ruins lets U.S. utilize situation

Home Front Transition

� Truman at Home

� Employment Act of 1946

� Rising prices; unions demand higher wages

○ Price-control war

○ Union’s strike

○ Truman wants to draft strikers

○ 1946 Congressional elections; backlash against Demos…Repubs win both houses & 25 governors

Home Front Transition

� Fear (legitimate?)

� Flying saucer sightings

� NBC radio program: Chicago nuclear attack

� “Duck and Cover” nuclear drills in school

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Coming of Cold War

� Soviets & Eastern Europe

� Yalta’s “agreement” for sphere of influence

○ Communist govts established

○ Free-elections prevented in Poland

○ Truman says it violates “self-determination”

� Stalin: no lasting peace with capitalism; must overcome U.S. lead in weaponry

Coming of Cold War

� Iron Curtain

� George Kennan: “vigilant containment”

� Churchill: Soviets created an “iron curtain”

○ economic pressure

○ nuclear intimidation

○ proxy wars (allies & not U.S./ USSR)

○ Called for permanent western alliance

� UN fails to halt atomic weapon production

○ Each side rapidly builds nuclear arsenal

� Cold War waged by:○ propaganda

○ subversion

Containment

� Truman Doctrine

� Struggle of “alternative ways of life”

○ freedom/liberty v. oppression/terror

� Funds help for Greece & Turkey

� National Security Act, 1947

� Consolidates armed forces under Department of Defense

� Creates NSC & CIA

� Marshall Plan

� $$$ to Europe to limit communism

Containment: Germany

� Occupation Zones (Tehran/Potsdam)

� Germany & Berlin each into 4 zones

� Western zones united

� Soviets block land routes to Berlin (1948)

� Berlin Airlift: “Operation Vittles”

○ Hinted at using “the bomb”

� Blockade ended (1949)

� Truman’s approval rates ↑

Containment: Germany

� Western Action

� Creation of West Germany

� Formation of NATO

○ U.S., Canada, most of Western Europe

○ IKE as supreme commander

� Soviet Response

� Creation of East Germany

� Formation of Warsaw Pact

� Test dropped A-bomb

Federal Republicof Germany

GermanDemocratic

Republic

Containment: China

� Civil War to fill vacuum after Japan’s defeat

� U.S. supports nationalist Chiang Kai-Shek

○ $3 billion to support; rampant corruption

� USSR supports communist Mao Tse Tung

○ Controlled countryside (source of food)

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Containment: China

� Nationalists exiled to Taiwan

� U.S. blocks PRC’s admission into UN

� USSR boycotts UN & Security Council

� U.S. helps “seat” ROC’s delegation

� Truman soft on commies?

� USSR test drops A-Bomb

� U.S. builds H-bomb

� NSC-68: massive build up?

� Korea as redemption?

Containment: Korea

� Occupation Zones (Potsdam)

� USSR north of 38th parallel; U.S. south

� PRK/North & ROK/South govtscreated; each declaring authority in other area

� North attacks, 1950

� USSR weapons, Chinese training

� Truman sends troops

� UN approves police action

Containment: Korea

Initial push by North Counter attack by Southand UN/U.S. forces

UN/U.S. forces nearChinese border

Containment: Korea

Chinese troops helpNorth push back

UN/U.S. forces pushback near 38th

Containment: Korea

1953, cease fire“armistice” &

creation of DMZ

What’s Coming?

� Nuclear build-up

� Sputnik

� Construction of Berlin Wall

� Cuban Missile Crisis

� Clash in Vietnam

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Image Credits

� UN buildings/logo images: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations

� GI Bill advertisement: http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/92.3/images/loss_fig06b.jpg

� Dormitory trailers photo: http://belowthebeltline.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/vetsville.jpg

� Ford advertisement: http://www.lovefords.org/archives/anniversary/future.jpg

� Kitchen picture: http://media.smashingmagazine.com/cdn_smash/images/vintage-retro/vintage-retro-041.jpg

� Bomb drill photo: http://www.hkhinc.com/newmexico/albuquerque/doomsday/takecover.jpg

� Bert the Turtle logo: http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3118/3108821215_863c227295.jpg

� Dog tag photo: http://www.shunpiking.com/books/GOD/image/C118%20Student%20with%20dogtags .jpg

� Eastern bloc map: http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/worlds/images/map11_3.jpg

� Iron curtain cartoon: http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/AAAAAAChange06/Change06Pics/Iron%20Curtain%20 cartoon.gif

� Truman Doctrine cartoon: http://mgsa.org/Temp/MGSA@20.html

� Occupied Germany/Berlin map: http://mapsof.net/uploads/static-maps/occupied_germany_and_berlin .png

� West/East Germany map: http://www.maps-of-germany.co.uk/images/map-of-east-west-Germany.gif

� Chiang Kai-Shek photo: http://www.carpenoctem.tv/img/kaishek.jpg

� Mao Tse Tung photo: http://formaementis.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/e6af9be6b3bde4b89c-mao-zedong-mao-tse-tung.jpg

� South Park cartoon: http://th05.deviantart.net/fs42/300W/i/2009/103/6/7/South_Park_Chinese_Civil_War_by_ SouthParkPhilosopher.jpg

� China map: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/China_map.png/266px-China_map.png

� Lighted Korea maps, 38th, and DMZ photos: personal photographs taken by David C. Burton at Korean War Museum in Seoul, South Korea