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Post War Europe and Japan

World War II CostsCOUNTRY FINANCIAL

COSTMILITARY DEATHS

CIVILIAN DEATHS

DEATH AS PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION

China ------------ 3,500,000 7-14 million 1.9 - 3.9

France $111 billion 217,600 350,000 1.35

Germany $272 billion 5,500,000 1-3.2 million 9

Italy $94 billion 301,400 155,600 1.03

Japan $56 billion 2,120,000 750,000 4

Korea ------------ -------------- 440,000 2

Poland ------------ 240,000 5,400,000 16.6

Soviet Union $192 billion 9,000,000 13,000,000 13.8

United Kingdom

$120 billion 383,800 67,000 0.94

United States $341 billion 416,800 1,700 0.32

1. Which country lost the smallest percentage of its population? Explain why that might be. 2. What accounts for the high disproportionate amount of civilian deaths in Poland compared to

military deaths? 3. In your opinion,which country sacrificed the most in World War II? Explain.

Politics in Postwar Europe• Citizens feel shame and disgust in Italy, Germany and France

– Mussolini leads Italy to defeat– Hitler brings destruction to Germany and historical guilt to country– Pétain and Vichy France collaborates with Nazi Germany

• Communist Party in Europe gains popularityWhy would the Communist party appeal to Europeans after World War II (HINTS: 1. What did

communist ideology say? 2. Which nation sacrificed the most men to defeat Hitler?)1. People disgusted with “the state”; communism promises a “withering away of the state” 2. People’s lives have been destroyed by war; communism promises economic equality 3. Communist Soviet Union sacrificed greatly to defeat Nazism

– Communist popularity declines as economies improve

• Nuremberg Trials - Nazi leaders charged and hung for “crimes against humanity”

Postwar Japan• Virtually every major and mid sized city destroyed

by fire bombing• Occupation of Japan

– General MacArthur tries to ensure Japan can’t make war again

• Demilitarization - disbanding of the armed forces• Democratization

– Japan becomes constitutional monarchy– Empire renounces divinity– “peace constitution” written by America - – Article 9 outlaws right to go to war, no military with offensive

abilities

• Japan becomes quick American ally – Occupation ends in 1951 – United States continues military presence

• Fear of Communist Soviet Union, China and North Korea

Yokohama 58%

Tokyo 51%

Toyama 99%

Osaka 35%

Nagoya 40%

Wakayama 50%

Kobe 55%

Okayama 69%

Takamatsu 68%

Nara 69%

Kofu 79%

Gifu 64%