Post Budget Economics Outlook - Peck Boon Soon, Head of Economics, RHB Research Institute
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Transcript of Post Budget Economics Outlook - Peck Boon Soon, Head of Economics, RHB Research Institute
RHB Research Institute
1
RHB Research Institute
2October 2014
Post Budget Economics Outlook
MALAYSIA
Ensuring fiscal sustainability
RHB Research Institute3
Strategy put forth to ensure a smooth transition to the 11th Malaysia Plan (11MP) and advance up the value chain.
Developing human capital & entrepreneurship. Encouraging research and innovation. Nurturing the growth of SMEs. Promoting the growth of the services sector.
Indeed, a new approach known as the Malaysia National Development Strategy (MyNDs) is being formulated and will be a key basis to planning and preparation of programmes and projects under the 11MP.
Emphasis on using limited resources optimally. Focus on high-impact projects and programmes at low cost. Efficient and rapid implementation.
11MP will cover the final crucial leg in the country’s transformation into high-income nation by 2020.
2015 Budget: Strategy to move up value chain
RHB Research Institute4
A well-balanced 2015 Budget combining commitments to achieve greater fiscal prudence but mindful of the impact of the higher costs of living.
Greater fiscal prudence will be achieved with the introduction of GST in April 2015 that will broaden the tax and partially help to bring down the fiscal deficit to 3% of GDP.
The impact of higher costs of living will be cushioned with a proposed reduction in income tax by 1-3% from YA2015 and corporation income tax by 1% from YA2016, a MYR300 hike in BR1M handouts to MYR950, and a new petroleum subsidy mechanism in the pipeline
A multi-tiered fuel subsidy rationalisation scheme to cut fuel subsidy and contain operating expenditure.
Good progress in the implementation of the Economic Transformation Programme and building economic resilience.
The budget specifically mentioned several expressways coupled with MRT2 (MYR23bn) and LRT3 (MTR9bn), as well as the Pan-Borneo Highway (MYR27bn).
The property and sin sectors (brewery, tobacco and gaming) are spared this time, while pump-priming efforts will continue with a 15% increase in gross development expenditure to MYR48.5bn.
2015 Budget: Pro growth and ensuring fiscal sustainability
RHB Research Institute5
Federal Government’s financial position
2013 20141 20152
MYRbn % change MYRbn % change MYRbn %
change
Revenue 213.4 2.6 225.1 5.5 235.2 4.5
Total Expenditure 253.5 0.4 263.3 3.9 271.9 3.3
Operating Expenditure 211.3 2.8 221.1 4.7 223.4 1.1
Gross Development Expenditure 42.2 -10.1 42.2 0.03 48.5 14.9
Less: Loan Recoveries 1.5 0.9 1.0
Net development expenditure 40.7 -8.2 41.3 1.4 47.5 15.0
Overall Balance -38.6 -37.3 -35.7
% to GDP -3.9 -3.5 -3.0
Sources of financing:
Net domestic borrowing 39.5 37.6 -
Net external borrowing -0.2 -0.4 -
Change in assets -0.7 0.2
Debt to GDP % 54.7 54.1 53.1
1: Revised estimates by MOF 2: Budget forecasts, excluding 2015 tax measuresNote: Total may not add up due to roundingSource: Economic Report 2014/2015, Ministry of Finance
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Revenue boosted by GST MYR23bn
A sharp increase of 15% in development expenditure in 2015 (+1.4% estimated for 2014), which has a larger multiplier impact on the economy. Housing, education, trade & industry and transportation.
Operating expenditure being contained at a marginal rise of 1.1% in 2015 (+4.7% estimated for 2014) Rationalising fuel subsidies.
Federal Government financial position
Operating expenditure moderating but still at uncomfortable level
Operating expenditure will still take up 95% of government revenue in 2015 (98.2% in 2014).
Step in the right direction, but still at an uncomfortable high level.
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… 2015 Budget’s Impacts
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Consumer spending growth though slowing, remains resilient
GST will add to compliance cost and push up inflation.
Reeling from the impact of policies over the last 2 years.
Measures to rein in household debt (86.8% of GDP in 2013). Measures to cool down property speculation. Fuel subsidy rationalisation and fiscal consolidation.
Domestic demand growth is on a moderating trend
Source: Department of StatisticsSource: Department of Statistics
A revitalisation of investment
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
f
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
% y-o-y
Fixed capital formation
Privateinvestment
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2012 responsible lending - Based on net income instead of gross
Promote a sound and sustainable household sector in July 2013
Personal loans – max 10 years
Property loans – max 35 years
No pre-approved personal loans
Measures to control household debt
Source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Rising household debt a concern
02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
50.0
55.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
RM
bn
% o
f G
DP
(RHS)
(LHS)
09 10 11 12 13 J-A14
-4.0
-2.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
Approved consumption loans
% c
hang
e
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A sharp slowdown in housing loan approvals
RPGT to be raised to 30%
Foreigner can only buy property above RM1m
Display detailed sales prices
Ban developer interest bearing scheme
Property cooling measures in 2014 Budget – The effect will be felt more significantly in 2015
Source: Bank Negara Malaysia
Growth of outstanding housing loan holding up
J1
0 M M J S NJ
11 M M J S N
J1
2 M M J S NJ
13 M M J S N
J1
4 M M J
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
% y
oy
Limit on L-T-V ratio
Macro prudential mea-sures Macro prudential mea-
sures
08 09 10 11 12 13 J-A14-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Approved housing loans
% c
hang
e
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Has moderated from 3.5% y-o-y in Fed-March 2014 to 3.2-3.3% in July-August. Effect of the upward adjustments in administrative pricing started to taper
off and a higher base effect set in.
The 9.5-10% increase in retail petrol and diesel prices with effect from 2 Oct could add about 0.7ppt to headline inflation in the immediate term (full-year impact: <0.2ppt), but this will likely be subdued by the higher base effect.
Headline inflation to spike up in 2015
Inflation accelerating
Source: Department of Statistics
Full-year 2014 inflation likely to be around 3.4% (2.1% in 2013).
The 6% GST will add about 1.8ppts to inflation; 9-month impact for 2015: +1.4ppts. 2015 headline inflation is likely to be close to 4.2%
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Expand scope of goods and services that are not subject to GST Electricity consumption exempted from GST to be increased from
first 200 to 300 units No GST on retail sales of RON95, diesel and LPG Restructure individual income tax for year of assessment 2015
Individual: reduced by 1-3% Tax payers with family & income of MYR4,000/month: no tax
liability Maximum rate of chargeable income: increased from exceeding
MYR100,000 to exceeding MYR400,000 Current maximum tax rate: 26% reduced to 24%, 24.5% & 25% Increase tax reliefs for certain categories
Reduce income tax rates for Companies (2016), SMEs (2016) & Cooperatives (2015) by 1-2%.
Provide incentives & assistance to businesses on training, & purchase of equipment and software relating to GST
Mitigating the impact of GST
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Strengthen food supply chain, establish 65 permanent farmers’ markets; 50 fish markets (2015 – 2017)
Provide intercity bus services to those residing outside of but working in KL with 30% discounted monthly fare
Financial assistance for poor families, children, senior citizens & OKU
Increase living allowance for fishermen MYR200-300 per month Half month bonus to civil servants; MYR250 for pensioners MYR100 to all primary and secondary students; MYR250 1Malaysia Book Voucher Bantuan Rakyat 1Malaysia (BR1M) Programme
Consumer spending to be cushioned by BR1M
Category Monthly Income BR1M Value
Household Below MYR3,000 MYR950 (2014: MYR650)
MYR3,000 -MYR4000 MYR750 (2014: MYR450)
Individual MYR2,000 and below MYR350 (2014: MYR300)
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PR1MA: Construction of 80,000 units: MYR1.3bn Rent-To-Own scheme
Extend 50% stamp duty exemption on instruments of transfer and loan agreements and increase purchase limit to MYR500,000 until 31 Dec. 2016
Improve Skim Rumah Pertamaku under Cagamas Youth Housing Scheme
Monthly assistance MYR200 for 2 years to ease installments burden
50% stamp duty exemption on instruments of transfer and loan agreements
10% loan guarantee to get full financing
Housing in 2015 Budget to help lower income group
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Construction/upgrading of infrastructure projects: Sungai Besi – Ulu Klang Expressway (SUKE): MYR5.3bn
West Coast Expressway from Taiping to Banting: MYR5bn
Damansara – Shah Alam Highway (DASH): MYR4.2bn
Eastern Klang Valley Expressway (EKVE): MYR1.6bn
East Coast railway line: MYR15mn
MRT Line 2 from Selayang to Putrajaya (56 km): MYR23bn LRT 3 linking Bandar Utama to Shah Alam & Klang: MYR9bn Pengerang Integrated Petroleum Complex (PIPC): MYR69bn Build Pan-Borneo Highway (MYR27bn): Sarawak (936 km),
Sabah (727 km) High-Speed Broadband (HSBB) - Build 1,000 new
telecommunication towers & lay undersea cables: MYR2.7bn Construction of Air Langat 2 Water Treatment Plant: MYR3bn Sustainable Mobility Fund to develop the electric vehicle
manufacturing industry: MYR70m.
More infrastructure spending to support private investment
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Income tax exemption for industrial area management 100% exemption for less developed areas (5 years) 70% exemption for other areas (5 years)
Capital allowance to increase automation in labour-intensive industries High labour-intensive industries: 200% on the first MYR4m
expenditure (2015-2017) Other industries: 200% on the first MYR2m expenditure (2015-
2020) Introduce customised incentive package to increase MNCs
global operation centres Setting up Services Sector Guarantee Scheme: MYR5bn Reintroducing Services Export Fund (SEF): MYR300m Export duty exemption for CPO extended until December 2014 Regulatory price mechanisms for rubber smallholders (MYR100m
allocation)
Some incentives for business in 2015 Budget
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The Central Bank might have done with the rate hike for the year.
Policy shifted to focus on the strength of the economic growth.
Still a challenging global economic environment.
Inflation will spike up after the GST comes into effect from April 2015 with real interest rates turning more negative. No rush but another 25bps rate hike cannot be ruled out in 1Q2015.
Raising the OPR will provide some support to the ringgit and enable the Central Bank to manage a more orderly outflow of short-term capital at a time when domestic consumer spending will likely spike up ahead of the GST implementation.
No rush for monetary tightening
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… External front fraught with challenges
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Global ISM new orders and industrial production on a rising trend
Stall-speed recovery in the major world economies, although the broad picture still points to sustained, albeit uneven growth in the period ahead.
Supported by the uptrend in global ISM new orders and industrial production.
And the fact that ECB has responded with significant policy measures to revive growth, while Japan and China have room for policy easing.
Advanced economies in a “stop-and-go” recovery mode
Source: BloombergSource: Bloomberg
Advanced economies in a “stop-and-go” recovery mode
11 12 13 14-8-6-4-202468
1012
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
% annualised
US (LHS) Japan (LHS)
Eurozone (RHS) UK (RHS)
% annualised
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 1430
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
%, y-o-y
ISM new orders (LHS)Global Industrial Index (RHS)
Index
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US capital goods new orders and equipment investment bouncing back
On a steadier recovery path.
Shale gas revolution.
Sustained jobs creation.
The strength hinges on the US economy
Source: FHFA (Federal Housing Finance Agency)Source: Bureau of Labour Statistics
US manufacturing & services activities remain robust
Housing price recovery.
Lack of a fiscal drag by itself is a big plus.
US housing price on recovery pathSustained jobs creation critical for consumer
spending and growth
Source: Bureau of Labour StatisticsSource: US’s Institute for Supply Management (ISM)12 13 14
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
Index
ISMmanufacturing
ISMNon-manufacturing
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 1450,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000
110,000
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
USD bnUSD bn Capital goods(RHS)
Equipment investment
(LHS)
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
-1000-800-600-400-200
0200400600
m-o-m, thousand 12-mth MA 6-mth MA
(Private non-farm)
98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
% y-o-y (House price index)
RHB Research Institute21
Eurozone’s inflation below target
Economy ground to a halt in the 2Q.
ECB has responded twice on 5 June and 4 Sept – to counter the downtrend of the economy.
Cutting interest rates. Providing cheap funds to spur bank lending. Buy asset-backed securities and covered bonds issued by Eurozone banks.
Draghinomics countering the Eurozone’s deflation threat
Source: European Central BankSource: European Central Bank
Economic recovery in the Eurozone stalled in the 2Q
2011
2012
2013
2014
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
% q-o-q
0.0(Q2)
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
% y-o-y
CPI
Core CPI
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Japan’s manufacturing activities and retail sales bouncing back
Fear of consumption tax hike derailing the economic recovery.
Abenomics has brought down unemployment to just 3.8% and the GDP deflator has narrowed to close to zero.
Beginning to make headway in its “Third Arrow” in implementing the fundamental restructuring of the economy.
Abenomics’ structural reforms have just started
Source: Markit EconomicsSource: Japan Statistics Bureau
Japan’s economy plunged into a sharp contraction after a sales tax hike
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
% annualised
-7.1%(Q2)
11 12 13 1440
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
% y-o-yIndex
Retail sales(RHS)
PMI Manufacturing
(LHS)PMI
Services(LHS)
RHB Research Institute23
China industrial production, fixed asset investment and retail sales slowing down
Still struggling with its debt burden while undergoing transformation.
But there is a strong political will to steer its economy for a soft landing.
Selective policy easing. Managing debt burden relatively well.
Tail risk could potentially emerge from the large commodity-dependent economies, but will unlikely degenerate into another major crisis, in our view.
China start-stop economy creates jitters, but growth will likely hold up
Source: China’s National Bureau of StatisticsSource: China Federationof Logistics & Purchasing (official PMI), Markit Economics (HSBC PMI)
China’s HSBC and official manufacturing PMIs still weak
2011
Jul
2012
Jul
2013
Jul
2014
Jul
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Index
OfficialPMI
HSBCPMI 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
0
5
10
15
20
25
1517192123252729313335
Retail sales (LHS)Industrial production (LHS)Fixed asset investment (RHS)
%, y-o-y %, y-o-y
RHB Research Institute24
Reflected in divergent trends of PMI new orders and manufacturing activities of the major world economies.
Causing another cycle of disinflation in 3Q 2014, led by the absence of inflation in the Eurozone.
Advanced economies, nevertheless, will unlikely be able to transition from a recovery to an economic boom anytime soon
Divergent trends of manufacturing activity in the major world economies
Source: Markit Economics
2012 Jul 2013 Jul 2014 Jul44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
Index
US
JapanChinaEuro
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Policies in the major world countries will remain very accommodative and supportive of equities.
The inability of the developed countries to transition from a recovery to an economic boom suggests that there is no risk of significant policy tightening that will cause the uptrend in global equities to reverse course anytime soon.
It is just that it is more susceptible to a short-term setback due to the occurrence of an unexpected event.
What is also worth highlighting, in our view, is that in a subdued growth environment, corporates do not have much pricing power and with weak demand, inflation will well behave.
The good news is:
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Source: Dept. of Statistics
The bad news is: Exports started to turn sluggish in July-Aug, partly ex-rate factor partly high base
effect (MOF forecast 2.1% in 2015 vs 3.5% in 2014) Dragged down by uneven global economic growth
Geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe and the Middle East Uncertainty over global interest rate normalisation and policy adjustments in
advanced economies Slower growth in emerging economies
Malaysia’s exports moderating in the 2H
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1-Ja
n-08
26-F
eb-0
822
-Apr
-08
17-Ju
n-08
12-A
ug-0
87-
Oct
-08
2-De
c-08
27-Ja
n-09
24-M
ar-0
919
-May
-09
14-Ju
l-09
8-Se
p-09
3-No
v-09
29-D
ec-0
923
-Feb
-10
20-A
pr-1
015
-Jun-
1010
-Aug
-10
5-O
ct-1
030
-Nov
-10
25-Ja
n-11
22-M
ar-1
117
-May
-11
12-Ju
l-11
6-Se
p-11
1-No
v-11
27-D
ec-1
121
-Feb
-12
17-A
pr-1
212
-Jun-
127-
Aug-
122-
Oct
-12
27-N
ov-1
222
-Jan-
1319
-Mar
-13
14-M
ay-1
39-
Jul-1
33-
Sep-
1329
-Oct
-13
24-D
ec-1
318
-Feb
-14
15-A
pr-1
410
-Jun-
145-
Aug-
14
200250300350400450500550600650
Index
End of QE3 in the US.
Complicated by changing expectations of the timing and speed of US rate-hike cycle.
Strength of the major world economies.
Risk of a geopolitical shock.
When will the US raises interest rates?
QE 3(Sep12 -31Oct14)
QE1(Dec 08-Mar10)
QE2(Nov10-Jun11)
MSCI Asia ex-Japan index corrected both after end of QE1 and QE2
Source: Bloomberg
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Foreign holdings in equity remain high
High foreign ownership of MGS and money market instruments
Foreign ownership of equity trending down
Susceptible to US interest rate hike
High foreign holdings of financial assets in Malaysia
Source: Bursa Malaysia; * estimatesSource: Bank Negara Malaysia
Ja
n-0
7J
ul-
07
Ja
n-0
8J
ul-
08
Ja
n-0
9J
ul-
09
Ja
n-1
0J
ul-
10
No
v-1
0J
an
-11
Ma
r-1
1M
ay
-11
Ju
l-1
1S
ep
-11
No
v-1
1J
an
-12
Ma
r-1
2M
ay
-12
Ju
l-1
2S
ep
-12
No
v-1
2J
an
-13
Ma
r-1
3M
ay
-13
Ju
l-1
3S
ep
-13
No
v-1
3J
an
-14
Ma
r-1
4M
ay
-14
Ju
l-1
4*S
ep
-1420
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
%
High foreign holdings of MGS and short-term money market papers
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High foreign holdings of financial assets
Could weaken back to around MYR 3.30/USD or even exceeding that level temporarily in the short term.
When expectations of a US rate hike build up.
Will eventually strengthen back to around MYR 3.15/USD when the situation normalises, in our view.
Ringgit still susceptible to capital flow
* Up to August 2014; Source: Bank Negara Malaysia, Bursa MalaysiaSource: Bloomberg
MYR/USD: Recovered some lost ground before weakening back
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
MGS (LHS) Money market (LHS) Equity (RHS)
% %
Jan
-13
Ma
r-1
3
Ma
y-1
3
Jul-
13
Se
p-1
3
No
v-1
3
Jan
-14
Ma
r-1
4
Ma
y-1
4
Jul-
14
Se
p-1
42.902.953.003.053.103.153.203.253.303.35
MYR/USD
3.2585
RHB Research Institute30
Low risk of it falling into a deficit over the next 1-2 years.
Current account surplus in the balance of payments bouncing back with export recovery
Current account surplus in the balance of payments
Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 140
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
MYR bn % y-o-y
Exports(RHS)
Current accountbalance(LHS)
RHB Research Institute31
Slower economic growth in the 2H and 2015 is to be expected Real GDP growth accelerated to 6.3% y-oy in 1H2014, lifted by strengthening
export growth. Growth, though resilience, is envisaged to slow to 5.3% y-o-y in the 2H, but the
full year growth of 5.8% is still likely to be the strongest in the SEA region. 2015 growth is projected to be weaker at 5.3%
GDP by expenditure components (at constant 2005 prices)
MOF RHBRI 2012 2013 2014 (p) 2015 (f) 2014 (e) 2015 (f) 2016 (f) (% growth in real terms) Domestic demand1 10.6 7.4 6.4 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.1Consumption Public Consumption 5.0 6.3 2.1 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.9 Private Consumption 8.2 7.2 6.5 5.6 6.8 5.2 5.3Fixed capital formation 19.2 8.5 8.3 8.5 6.9 8.2 8.5 Public Investment 14.6 2.2 2.6 4.7 0.4 3.4 4.0 Private Investment 22.8 13.1 12.0 10.7 11.2 11.0 11.0Exports2 -1.8 0.6 3.5 2.1 4.5 4.8 4.4Imports2 2.5 2.0 3.5 4.0 4.8 6.4 5.0
Gross Domestic Product 5.6 4.7 5.5-6.0 5.0-6.0 5.8 5.3 5.5
1Excluding stocks 2Goods & non-factor services(p): Preliminary (f): Forecasts Source: Economic Report 2014/2015, Ministry of Finance
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Thank You
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Alexander ChiaDL : +603 92077621
Email : [email protected]
Peck Boon Soon
DL : +603 9280 2163Email : [email protected]