THERMODYNAMICS

BASIC THERMODYNAMICS1. Define System. Identify Open, Closed and Isolated systems.

2. Explain concept of control volume.

3. Differentiate homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.

4. State the conditions for thermodynamic equilibrium.

5. What is a quasi-static process?

6. Is there anything called Thermostatics?

7. Explain the concept of continuum.

8. State the zeroth law.

9. What are various scales for temperature measurement?

10. Explain the modes of energy transfer.

11. What is an indicator diagram?

12. What are specific heats? Relate them.

13. State the first law of thermodynamics.

14. Define Internal energy.

15. Define enthalpy.

16. What is a PMM I?

17. Define steady flow.

18. What is an SFEE?

19. Give examples of steady / variable flow problems.

20. Define Second law of thermodynamics.

21. Differentiate heat engine, heat pump and refrigerator.

22. Explain the concept of reversibility and irreversibility.

23. What are the causes of irreversibility?

24. Draw and explain Carnots cycle.

25. State Carnots theorem.

26. What are types of irreversibility?

27. Define entropy.

28. What is the point of intersection of adiabatics called?29. How can one relate entropy and disorder?

30. Define a pure substance?

31. Draw p-v diagram, p-T diagram, T-s diagram, h-s diagram for a pure substance.

32. What does quality of steam mean?

33. State Boyles law.34. State Charles Law

35. State Avogadros law.

36. What is the equation of state of a gas?

37. State Daltons law of partial pressure.38. Explain Vapor compression refrigeration.

39. Explain Vapor Absorption refrigeration.

40. What is the unit of refrigeration?

41. How the refrigerators are specified commercially?

42. How does air conditioner work?

43. What are the terms DBT and WBT?

44. Define relative humidity and specific humidity.

45. Differentiate sensible heat and latent heat.46. What is the significance of ODP

47. What do you understand by term, Green House Effect?

48. What is your opinion regarding measures being taken to protect environment?

49. What is Gibbs phase rule?

50. Draw Rankine cycle.

51. Compare Rankine and Carnot cycle.

52. What are reheat and regenerative cycle?

53. Draw Stirling cycle.

54. Draw Ericsson cycle.

55. Differentiate vapor power cycle and gas power cycles.

56. Draw Otto cycle.

57. Draw Diesel cycle.

58. Compare Otto and Diesel cycle.

59. What is dual cycle?

60. Draw Lenoir cycle.

61. Draw Atkinson cycle.

62. Draw Bryton cycle.

63. What is the mechanism of aircraft propulsion?

64. How is solid ice produced?

65. How are gases liquefied?66. How does reciprocating compressor work?

67. What are the types of compressors?

68. How is multistage compression economical?

69. What are the values of latent heat of fusion and evaporation for water.

70. What are the values of Cp and Cv for air.

71. What is the molecular weight of air?

72. What is the value of Universal Gas constant?

73. State the Third law of thermodynamics.74. Define effectiveness. 75. Is there any resemblance between SFEE and Eulers or Bernoullis equation?76. What is Clausius inequality?

77. What does one mean by entropy generation?

78. What is Available energy? How can one find it?

79. What is Exergy?

80. What is a Dead State?

81. What does one mean by p-v T surface?

82. Define Gibbs function.

83. Explain Maxwells equation.

84. What does one mean by Joule-Kelvin effect?

85. What are the types of thermometers, their working principle and application area?

86. MACHINE DESIGN1. What are the differences between true stress, engineering stress, proof stress.2. What do you men by factor of safety and why is its significance3. What do you mean by Youngs modulus, modulus of rigidity and bulk modulus.4. What do you mean by resilience.5. What is pure torsion and what do you mean by flexural igidity.6. What is the difference between endurance limit stree and endurance strength.7. What do you understand by efficiency of riveted joint.8. What is caulking and fullering in riveted joint.9. What do you mean by stress conc. Factor and what are the methods to reduce stress conc.10. Why stress conc. Is more serious in brittle materials.11. What do you mean by fatigue .12. Springs are subjected to which type of streses.13. What are the difference between through bolt, tap bolt and stud.14. What is check nut and what is the function of washer.15. Cotter and knuckle joints take which type of load and where they are used.16. What are the difference types of couplings and what is their function.17. What is the function of key and which type of stress they are subjected to?

18. Generally shafts are subjected to which type of stress.19. What are the difference types of mechanical drives and which is the best for different situations.20. What is the function of a bush why it is phosphor bronze.21. What are difference types of threads and which threads are used for power transmission and why.22. Why the pulley arms are elliptical in cross section and it is made up of cast iron.23. Why it is required to change the all V belt if one of them is broken.24. Why V belts transmit more power than flat belts.25. What is the meaning of 6*37 or 6*7 in a rope drive.26. What do you mean by pinion sprocket and wheel sprocket and which one is used for driving shaft.27. What is the function of flywheel and why its material is cast iron.28. Why the leaf springs are laminated as reducing length.29. What is the function of clutch and is the difference between uniform wear and uniform pressure.30. Now a days which type of clutches are used in automobiles.31. Why disc brake is more efficient than mechanical brake.32. What is the function of bearings and what are the different types.33. What is bearing characteristics number and bearing modulus.34. What is the significance of the digits of a rolling contact bearing number 6304?

35. Which type of gear drive is used for perpendicular transmission of power?

36. Why helical gears transmit more power than spur gears.37. What do you mean by different terms like back lash, pressure angle, circular pitch in a gear drive.38. Why involute tooth profile is better than cycloid tooth profile?

39. What is interference in gear drive and how to avoid it?

40. What do you mean by law of gearing?POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

41. What do you understand by doubling time?

42. What is the difference between load factor and capacity factor of a power plant?

43. What is a load curve?

44. How do you draw load duration curve? What is its utility?

45. What are the different costs involved in a power plant?

46. How do you calculate the fixed costs?

47. What is depreciation? What are the methods of calculating depreciation?

48. Explain the sinking fund method.

49. State the difference between fire tube and water tube boilers. Which one is better?

50. What is the difference between boiler mountings and boiler accessories?

51. What is the function of electrostatic precipitator?

52. Why is cooling tower necessary?

53. Explain the difference between wet and dry cooling towers?

54. Define approach, range and efficiency of a cooling tower.

55. Explain the difference between pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR).

56. Name the different components of a nuclear reactor.

57. Classify steam condensers. What are the advantages of steam condensers?

58. Why is actual volume less than the ideal volume in a condenser?

59. Define vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency.

60. On which cycle, thermal power plant works? Explain the cycle.

When does reheating of steam become necessary? Explain the effect of reheat on cycle output and efficiency.

MANUFACTURING SCIENCES1. What for jigs and fixtures used?

2. Differentiate jigs and fixtures.

3. Define the following press tool operations: Blanking, Punching, Notching, Perforating, trimming, shaving, slitting, lancing, nibbling, squeezing, drawing.4. How is sheet metal specified?

5. Distinguish ingot, billet, bloom, plate and sheet.

6. Distinguish drawing and upsetting.

7. Why does one prefer forging to manufacture components that need to be strong?

8. Explain the term fullering, edging, blocking operations.

9. How is machining time estimated?

10. Which items does process plan contain?

11. What are the advantages of using capstan and turret?12. Explain the term Interchangeability & selective assembly13. Distinguish tolerance, allowance, clearance.

14. What are various types of fits?

15. Compare hole basis and shaft basis system.

16. Differentiate workshop gauge, inspection gauge and master gauge.17. How surface finish is represented?

18. How is surface roughness measured?

19. Explain the process of lapping, honing and buffing.

20. Name the common abrasives in lapping and honing.

21. What is sensitivity of measuring instruments?

22. Differentiate hot, cold and warm working.23. What do you mean by sticking friction?

24. Which types of chips continuous or discontinuous are preferred?

25. What is the purpose of rake angle in a cutting tool?

26. Why cant be rake be too large?

27. What are the merits and demerits of negative rake?

28. How are gears manufactured?

29. How does one cut threads on jobs?

30. Why CI is used as machine bed material?

31. What are various types of maintenance?

32. What is TQM?

33. What are quality circles?

34. What is JIT approach?

35. Define Quality.

36. What is an OC curve?

37. Explain ISO 9000, ISO 14000.38. Define reliability.

39. Explain the nature of Bath tub curve.

40. Distinguish job production, batch production and mass production.

41. How is indexing done?

42. Differentiate climb milling and down milling.

43. Explain Quick return mechanism.

44. Distinguish shaper and planar.

45. What is the function of a lead screw?

46. What are various tool materials?

47. What do you mean by HSS cutting tools?

48. How can one set a job of large diameter on a lathe?

49. What is the mechanism of speed variation in a lathe machine.

50. Distinguish feed and depth of cut.

51. Differentiate between precision & accuracy

52. Distinguish between variable & attribute data

53. Write the tool signature of a cutting tool54. How the tool is designated in ASA & ORS system

55. Differentiate between orthogonal & oblique cutting

56. Differentiate between free & restricted cutting

57. What are the advantages & disadvantages of +ve & -ve rake tool

58. Draw the Merchant circle diagram

59. Name the forces in Merchant circle diagram

60. What do you mean by BUE .Is it desirable

61. Define tool life and Taylors tool life equation

62. Define Machinability.63. What do you mean by flank & crater wear?64. How do you measure the cutting forces?65. Explain the principle of operation of Dynamometer?66. Define abrasion, adhesion, chemical wear, erosion.67. What is the use of chip-breaker

68. Enumerate the factors on which tool wear & tool life depends

69. Why do carbide tools employ ve rake more often than HSS tools70. Explain the process of ultrasonic machining?71. What are the limitations of ultrasonic machining?72. Explain the process of abrasive jet machining?73. How AJM is different from sand blasting?74. Explain the principle of electric discharge machining

75. How does electronic circuit in EDM help increase productivity over RC circuit76. How is a laser beam produced?77. How can heat treatment be done by using lasers?78. How are lasers economical in spot welding?79. Explain the cutting action in electron beam machining.80. Which material can be economically cut by abrasive jet machining?81. Explain the working principle of the ECM.

82. How is the machining rate in ECM affected by rate of flow of electrolyte, temperature of electrolyte and applied voltage between tool & workpiece.83. What is Bergers vector?

84. Define the term solid solution.

85. Why is heat treatment done?

86. Draw Iron-Carbon equilibrium diagram.

87. What are annealing, normalizing and tempering.

88. What are different surface hardening processes?

89. Name some Iron ores. Which ores are abundantly available in Orissa?

90. How is iron produced?

91. How is steel produced?

92. What is Puddling process?

93. Distinguish Cast iron, wrought iron and mild steel.

94. What is a composite material and what is its applicability?

95. Define refractories.

96. Explain the term Lean manufacturing

97. What is agile manufacturing?

98. Define CIM.

99. What is AI?

100. Distinguish robots from fixed automation. What is the principle of arc welding?

101. Define arc and spark?

102. Define DCEN and DCEP? State their uses?

103. What is arc blow?

104. How are electrodes classified?

105. Differentiate between welding, soldering and brazing?

106. What is TIG welding?

107. What are different types of flame use in welding?

108. Differentiate between carburizing and reducing flame?

109. What is the principle of friction welding?

110. How welding is done under water?

111. What is arc gap?

112. What are the different allowances used in casting.

113. What is +ve and ve allowances?

114. What are the different types of pattern used in casting?

115. What are the compositions of green sand?

116. What is the function of core in casting?

117. Define chill and chaplet.

118. What is the function of riser in casting?

119. What is the function of sprue in casting?

120. What is investment casting?

121. Name different types of casting defects.

122. What is the difference between gate and runner?

123. What are the types of gate found in gating system?

124. What is aspiration effect?

FLUID MECHANIS AND HUDRAULIC MACHINES1. Define and distinguish compressible and incompressible fluids.

2. Define and distinguish uniform and non uniform flow.

3. Define and distinguish steady and variable flow.

4. Define and distinguish Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluid.

5. Define Specific weight and specific gravity.

6. Define and distinguish Kinematic and dynamic viscosity.

7. How does Newtonian flow vary wrt temperature?

8. Define and distinguish ideal and real fluid.

9. Differentiate absolute, gage and vacuum pressure.

10. How is fluid pressure measured?

11. What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of liquid and gas?

12. Some insects can walk on water. Why?

13. Where does total pressure act? Does centre of pressure lie at centre of gravity?

14. Define metacentre and metacentric height.

15. State Archemedis law.

16. State relative position of metacentre and CG in case of stable/unstable and neutral equilibrium.

17. What is pressure head?

18. Differentiate U tube and inverted U tube manometer.

19. Explain the applicability of inclined U tube manometer.

20. Differentiate free and forced vertex flow.

21. Differentiate laminar and turbulent flow.

22. Define stream line, streak line, path line and stream tube.

23. Explain continuity equation.

24. State Momentum equation of compressible fluids.

25. What is normal shock?26. Define displacement and momentum thickness.

27. Define and distinguish pressure and friction drag.

28. Explain boundary layer theory in brief.

29. Can one apply Bernoullis equation to real fluid?

30. Define total energy line and hydraulic gradient line.

31. Define Cc, Cv and Cd. State the relation among them.

32. Define vena contracta. Where does it occur?

33. Define Euler Number, Froude Number, Weber number, Mach number and Prandtl number. What is their significance?34. Differentiate orifice, notches and weirs.

35. What are the discharge measuring devices?

36. Why divergent section is longer than the convergent section in venturimeter?

37. What is modeling?

38. What is the significance of using dimensionless numbers?

39. What are major and minor losses in flow through pipes?40. What is an airfoil?

41. Differentiate mechanism of flight in helicopter, airplane and rocket?

42. With what instrument does one measure velocity of fluid?

43. Differentiate impulse and reaction turbines. Give examples.44. What is the function of a draft tube.

45. How does pump work.

46. How does power vary wrt bucket speed in Pelton wheel?

47. What is a positive displacement pump? Why is it called so?

48. Differentiate reciprocating and centrifugal pump.

49. Define cavitation.

50. How does one draw velocity triangle.

51. Name some types of turbines. Differentiate them. What are their applicability?

52. What are the alignment methods of any two turbine shafts?

53. What is a hydraulic ram?

54. Explain Siphon action?

55. What is a hydraulic accumulator?

56. How does gear pump work?

57. How does vane pump work?

58. What are the limitations of reciprocating pump?

59. What are the limitation of centrifugal pump.

60. Why are channel sections kept trapezoidal?