Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

40
Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Control Legislation Control Legislation Control Legislation Control Legislation - - - Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami - - - WHO- IUTLD Workshop – August 27 2009

description

Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies for Implementation of Tobacco Control Legislation was presented by Hemant Goswami on August 28, 2009 (In a WHO and IUTLD Workshop). Hemant exposed how the tobacco control legislation has been compromised and the provisions of the rules diluted to help the tobacco industry. Hemant has minutely highlighted the sly manipulations in language and other provisions between 2005 to 2008 to render the picture warnings on tobacco products absolutely useless. According to him, this is a serious case of corruption and a major breach of public trust by the public servants.

Transcript of Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Page 1: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Implementation of Tobacco Control LegislationControl LegislationControl LegislationControl Legislation

---- Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami Hemant Goswami ----

WHO- IUTLD Workshop – August 27 2009

Page 2: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

FACT:: Every cigarette smoker is injured. . . .

Section�44:�(Indian�Penal�Code)

“Injury”:�-The�word�“injury”

denotes�any�harm�whatever�

illegally�caused�to�any�person,�in�

body,�mind,�reputation�or�

property.

Skull of a Skeleton with Burning Cigarette

Vincent van Gogh, 1885/1886

Page 3: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Tobacco Trade:Tobacco Trade:Tobacco Trade:Tobacco Trade: Criminal Law Criminal Law Criminal Law Criminal Law ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions

(Indian�Penal�Code) Section�284:�Negligent�conduct�with�respect�to�poisonous�substance:�-- Whoever�does,�with�any�poisonous�substance,�any�act�in�a�manner�so�rash�or�negligent�as�to�endanger�human�life,�or�to�be�likely�to�cause�hurt�or�injury�to�any�person,

Or�knowingly�or�negligently�omits�to�take�such�order�with�any�poisonous�substance�in�his�possession�as�is�sufficient�to�guard�against�any�probable�danger�to�human�life�from�such�poisonous�substance,

Shall�be�punished�with�imprisonment�of�either�description�for�a�term�which�may�extend�to�six�months,�or�with�fine�which�may�extend�toone�thousand�rupees,�or�with�both.

Page 4: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

AndAndAndAnd…………. The Abettors . The Abettors . The Abettors . The Abettors …………

(Indian�Penal�Code) Section�108:�Abettor:�- A�person�abets�an�offence,�who�abets�either�the�commission�of�an�offence,�or�the�commission�of�an�act�which�would�be�an�offence, if�committed�by�a�person�capable�of�law�of�committing�an�offence�with�the�same�intention�or�knowledge�as�that�of�the�abettor.

Illustration:

A�concert�with�B�a�plan�for�poisoning�Z.�It�is�agreed�that�A�shall�administer�the�poison.�B�then�explains�the�plan�to�C�mentioning�that�a�third�person�is�to�administer�the�poison,�but�without�mentioning�A’s�name.�C�agrees�to�procure�the�poison,�and�procures�and�delivers�it�to�B�for�the�purpose�of�its being�used�in�the�manner�explained.�A�administers�the�poison;�Z�dies�in�consequence.�Here,�though�A�and�C�have�not�conspired�together,�yet�C�has�been�engaged�in�the�conspiracy�in�pursuance�of�which�Z�has�been�murdered.�C�has�therefore�committed�the�offence�defined�in�this�section�and�is�liable�to�the�punishment�for�murder.

Page 5: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Courts for years have rules Courts for years have rules Courts for years have rules Courts for years have rules against the industry against the industry against the industry against the industry

Tobacco�smoke�contains�toxic�substances.�The�legal�doctrine�of�"universal�malice"�encompasses�tobacco, i.e.,�toxicity�"without�knowing�or�caring�who�may�be�the�victim."�Mitchell�v�State,�60�Ala�26,�30�(1877),�cited�in�Black's�Law�Dictionary,�4th�ed.�(St.�Paul,�West Pub�Co,�1968),�p�1110.�Deaths�foreseeable�result�as�"natural�and�probable�consequences"�of�toxic�chemicals,�here,�cigarettes'�toxic�chemicals.�

In�situations�of�"universal�malice,"�a�legal�doctrine�of�particular�relevance�based�upon�the�foreseeable�widespread�or�("universal�malice")�consequences�of�tobacco�use,�harm�is�foreseeable�to�many�more�than�merely�one�individual. Of�course,�in�law,�even�one�wrongful�incident�is�one�too�many.�"If�no�one�else"�but�one�person�is�harmed,�"that�is�so�much�of�loss�fortunately�saved�to�respondent,"�DeMarco v�United�States,�204�F�Supp�290,�292�(ED�NY,�1962).�The�court�was�rejecting�the�claim�that�guilt�should�be�deemed�less,�as�only�one�person�was�killed!�No,�it's�not�less�guilt,�just�fewer�victims�re�which�to�penalize�the�accused!!�DeMarco was�cited�as�relevant�to�smoking�in�a�second-hand�smoke�involuntary�smoking�case,�Smith�v�Western�Electric�Co,�643�SW2d�10,�13�(Mo�App,�1982)�(case�of�a�nonsmoker objecting�to�being�forced�to�smoke,�who�sought�court�injunction�like�that�of�Donna�Shimp's in�1976).�

The�"universal�malice"�doctrine�especially�applies�as�cigarettes�are�inherently�dangerous. Banzhaf v�Federal�Communications�Commission,�132�US�App�DC�14,�29;�405�F2d 1082,�1097�(1968)�cert�den�396�US�842�(1969).�

Page 6: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Criminal law can clearly be Criminal law can clearly be Criminal law can clearly be Criminal law can clearly be pressedpressedpressedpressed

Cigarettes�as�per�their�"universal�malice"�

characteristics,�foresee�ably�kill�when�used�as�the�

manufacturer�intends�and�designs. Foreseeable�

deaths�are,�in�law,�not�"accidental."�Such�recurring�

deaths�are�instead,�in�law,�"natural�and�probable�

consequences."�Anticipated�consequences�are,�in�

law,�deemed�intentional, meaning�premeditated.�

Standard�law�against�premeditated�killings�provides�

for�criminal�charges�resulting�in�prison�or�even�

capital�punishment.�

Page 7: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the brandbrandbrandbrand

Page 8: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the brandbrandbrandbrand

Myths�have�been�

woven�around�

tobacco�for�decades

Page 9: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the brandbrandbrandbrand

Page 10: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Even�toddlers�have�

endorsed�it

The Way Industry The Way Industry The Way Industry The Way Industry has built the has built the has built the has built the

brandbrandbrandbrand

Page 11: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the brandbrandbrandbrand

Page 12: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the The Way Industry has built the brandbrandbrandbrand

Page 13: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Images we have to counterImages we have to counterImages we have to counterImages we have to counter

Page 14: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Images we have to counterImages we have to counterImages we have to counterImages we have to counter

Page 15: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Current ImagesCurrent ImagesCurrent ImagesCurrent Images

Page 16: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

What Exists at the momentWhat Exists at the momentWhat Exists at the momentWhat Exists at the moment

Page 17: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATION NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 5th July 2006New Delhi, the 5th July 2006New Delhi, the 5th July 2006New Delhi, the 5th July 2006

G.S.R. 402EG.S.R. 402EG.S.R. 402EG.S.R. 402E

Rule�2(c):�“Principal�display�area” means�

(i) for�box�type�packages,�two�equal�sized�largest�surface�area(s)�of�the�box�that�may�be�displayed�or�visible�under�normal�or�customary�conditions�of�sale�or�use;�

(ii) for�pouch�type�packages,�the�entire�surface�area�of�the�pack�that�may�be�displayed�or�visible�under�normal�conditions�of�sale�or�use;

(iii)�for�conical�or�cylindrical�type�of�packages,�the�entire�curving�area�of�the�pack�that�may�be�displayed�or�visible�under�normal�or�customary�conditions�of�sale�or�use;

(iv)�for�any�other�form�or�type�of�package,�the�entire�surface�area�of�the�pack�that�may�be�displayed�or�visible�under�normal�or�customary�conditions�of�sale�or�use;

(b)“specified health�warning” means,�such�health�warnings�as�specified�by�the�Central�Government�from�time�to�time,�in�the�schedule�to�these�rules.

Rule�3.�Manner�of�packing�and�labelling.-

3(1)�Every�person engaged�directly�or�indirectly�in�the�production,�supply,�import or�distribution�of�cigarette�or�any�other�tobacco�products�shall�ensure�that,-every�package�of�cigarette�or�any�other�tobacco�product�shall�have�the�specified�health�warning�exactly�as�specified�in�the�schedule�to�these�rules;�

Page 18: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The ScheduleThe ScheduleThe ScheduleThe Schedule

Schedule

(see�rule�3)

Components�of�specified�health�warning.-

The�components�for�the�specified�health�warning�shall�include:

(1) Skull�and�Bones�Sign.- Every�specified�health�warning�shall�mandatorily�include�a�pictorial�depiction�of�skull�and�bones�sign,�in�white�on�a�black�background�(100%�black)�with�white�outlines.�This�sign�shall�be�prominently�placed�on�the�top�left�hand�corner�of�the�warning.

(2) Health�Warning.- The�warning�“Smoking�Kills” (on�smoking�forms�of�tobacco�products)�and�“Tobacco�Kills”(on smokeless/chewing�and�other�forms�of�tobacco�products)�shall�appear�in�white�font�colour�on�a�red�background�(consisting�of�100%�magenta�+�100%�yellow).

(3) Pictorial�Representation�of�ill�effects�of�tobacco�use.- Pictorial�depiction�of�the�ill�effects�of�tobacco�use�on�health, shall�be�placed�below�the�skull�and�bones�sign,�and�should�appear�in�colour�exactly�as�in�the�soft�copy�provided�in�the�CD�accompanying�these�rules.

(4) Health�Message.�- Every�specified�health�warning�shall�include�the�health�message in�black�font�colour�on�a�white�background. The�health�message�should�be�printed�in�easy�to�read�black�font�on�a�white�background�and�the�font�type/font�size�shall�be,�exactly�as�per�the�soft�copy�provided�along�with�these�rules.�

…………………

3.�Minimum�size�of�the�specified�health�warning.-

(1)�The�minimum�size�of�the�specified�health�warning�on�each�panel�of�the�tobacco�pack�shall�be�3.5�cm�x�4�cm�to�ensure�that�the warning�is�legible�and�prominent.

(2)�The�size�of�all�components�of�the�specified�health�warning�shall�be�increased�proportionally�according�to�increase�of�the�package�size�to�ensure�that�the�specified�health�warning�occupies�fifty�percent�of�the�principal�display�area/s�of�the�pack.�

Page 19: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Notification ReplacedNotification ReplacedNotification ReplacedNotification Replaced

MAJOR�SETBACKS:

1. Picture�Warning�on�both�sides�replaced�with�one�side

2. 50%�display�on�both�panels�(100%�one�side)�replaced�with�

40%�on�one�side

3. Strong�picture�messages�replaced�with�meaningless�and�

useless�messages

4. The�necessity�of�having�the�warning�language�in�local�

language�done�away�with

……..Thereby�making�the�whole�exercise�ABSOLUTELY�USELESS

Page 20: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Breach of Trust with the Breach of Trust with the Breach of Trust with the Breach of Trust with the PublicPublicPublicPublic

Dilution of graphic images to be printed on tobacco productsDilution of graphic images to be printed on tobacco productsDilution of graphic images to be printed on tobacco productsDilution of graphic images to be printed on tobacco products

2

00

8

20

05

Page 21: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

What COTPA saysWhat COTPA saysWhat COTPA saysWhat COTPA says

Section�8:�

(1)�The�specified�warning�on�a�package�of�cigarettes�or�any�other�tobacco�products�shall�be—

– (a)�legible�and�prominent;

– (b)�conspicuous�as�to�size�and�colour;

– (c)�in�such�style�or�type�of�lettering�as�to�be�boldly�and�clearly�presented in�distinct�contrast�to�any�other�type,�lettering�or�graphic�material�used�on�the�package�or�its�label�and�shall�be�printed,�painted�or�inscribed�on�the�package�in�a�colour�which�contrasts�conspicuously�with�the�background�of�the�package�or�its�labels.

(2)�The�manner�in�which�a�specified�warning�shall�be�printed,�painted�or�inscribed�on�a�package�of�cigarettes�or�any�other�tobacco�products�shall�be�such�as�may�be�specified�in�the�rules�made�under�this�Act.

(3)�Every�package�containing�cigarettes�or�any�other�tobacco�products�shall�be�so�packed�as�to�ensure�that�the�specified�warning�appearing�thereon,�or�on�its�label,�is,�before�the�package�is�opened,�visible�to�the�consumer.

Page 22: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

What COTPA saysWhat COTPA saysWhat COTPA saysWhat COTPA says

Section�9:

(1)�Where�the�language�used�on�a�package�containing�cigarettes�and any�other

tobacco�products�or�on�its�label�is—

(a) English,�the�specified�warning�shall�be�expressed�in�the�English language;

(b) any�Indian�language�or�languages,�the�specified�warning�shall�be expressed�in�such�Indian�language�or�languages;

(c)� both�English�and�one�or�more�Indian�languages,�the�specified�warning�shall�be�expressed�in�the�English�language�as�well�as�in�such�Indian�language�or�languages;

(d)� partly�English�and�partly�any�Indian�language�or�languages,�the�specified�warning�shall�be�expressed�in�the�English�language�as�well�as�in�such�Indian�language�or�languages;

(e)� any�foreign�language,�the�specified�warning�shall�be�expressed�in�the�English�language;�contents.

(f)� partly�any�foreign�language�and�partly�English�or�any�Indian�language�or�languages,�the�specified�warning�shall�be�expressed�in�the�English�language�as�well�as�in�such�Indian�language�or�languages.

(2)�No�package�of�cigarettes�or�any�other�tobacco�products�or�its�label�shall�contain�any�matter�or�statement�which�is�inconsistent�with,�or�detracts�from,�the�specified�warning.

Page 23: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The kind of aberrationsThe kind of aberrationsThe kind of aberrationsThe kind of aberrations

29th�September�2008 Notification:

Rule�3(f): The�specified�warning�shall�be�inscribed�in�the�language/s�usedon�the�pack:

Provided�that�where�more�than�one�language�on�the�back�the�specified�warning�shall�appear�in�two�languages,�one�in�which�the�brand�name�appears�and�other�in�the�local�language of�the�area�where�the�product�is�being�sold.”

Replaced�by�28th�November�2008 Notification:

Rule�3(f): The�specified�warning�shall�be�inscribed�in�the�language/s�usedon�the�pack:

Provided�that�where�more�than�one�language�on�the�back�the�specified�warning�shall�appear�in�two�languages,�one�in�which�the�brand�name�appears�and�other�language used�on�the�pack.”

WHY?WHY?

Page 24: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The ProvisionsThe ProvisionsThe ProvisionsThe Provisions

2005;�5th�July�2006�Notification�and�15th�March�

2008�Notification

� Rule�3(e):�no�product�shall�be�sold�unless�the�

package�contains�the�specified�health�warning:

Provided�that�the�specified�health�warning�shall�be�

printed�on�every�retail�pack�in�which�the�tobacco�

product�is�normally�intended�for�consumer�use�or�

retail�sale,�as�well�as any�other�external�

packaging,�such�as�cartons�or�boxes;

Page 25: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

WHY?WHY?

Major AberrationMajor AberrationMajor AberrationMajor Aberration

15th�March/�29th Sep.�2008�Notification

� Rule�2(b):�“package” means�box,�pouch,�conical,�cylindrical�or�any�other�type�of�pack�used�for�packing�cigarette�and�other�tobacco�products.

3rd�May�2009�Notification

� Rule�2(b):�“package” means�pack�in�which�cigarette�and�other�tobacco�product�is�packaged�for�consumer�sale�but�shall�not�include wholesale,�semi-wholesale�or�poorapackages�if�such�packages�are�not�intended�for�consumer�use;

Page 26: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Dilution Dilution Dilution Dilution ---- Rule 3(1)(b)Rule 3(1)(b)Rule 3(1)(b)Rule 3(1)(b)

2005/�5th�July�2006�Notification

Rule�3�(1): Manner�of�packing�and�labelling�- Every�person engaged�directly�or�indirectly�in�the�production,�supply,�import�or�distribution�of�cigarette�or�any�other�tobacco�products�shall�ensure�that�–(b) the�specified�health�warnings�shall�occupy�at�least�fifty�percent of�the�principal�display�area/sof�the�pack�and�shall�be�positioned�parallel�to�the�top�edge�of�the�package�and�in�the�same�direction�as�the�information�on�the�principal�display�area/s:

Provided that�for�conical�packs,�the�widest�end�of�the�pack�shall�be�considered�as�the�top�edge�of�the�pack:

Provided�further�that�for�box�and�pouch�type�of�packs,�the�specified�health�warning�shall�appear�on�both�sides of�the�pack,�on�the�largest�panels;

15th�March�2008�Notification

Rule�3(1)(b) the�specified�health�warnings�shall�occupy�at�least�fourty (40%) percent�of�the�principal�display�area/s of�the�pack�and�shall�be�positioned�parallel�to�the�top�edge�of the�package�and�in�the�same�direction�as�the�information�on�the�principal�display�area/s:

Provided that�for�conical�packs,�the�widest�end�of�the�pack�shall�be�considered�as�the�top�edge�of�the�pack:

Provided�further�that�for�box�and�pouch�type�of�packs,�the�specified�health�warning�shall�appear�on�both�sides of�the�pack,�on�the�largest�panels;

3rd�May�2009�Notification

Rule�3(1)(b) the�specified�health�warnings�shall�occupy�at�least�fourty (40%)�percent�of�the�principal�display�area/s of�the�front�panel of�the�pack�and�shall�be�positioned�parallel�to�the�top�edge�of�the�package�and�in�the�same�direction�as�the�information on�the�principal�display�area/s:

Provided that�for�conical�packs,�the�widest�end�of�the�pack�shall�be�considered�as�the�top�edge�of�the�pack:��(�The�Second�Proviso�about�display�on�both�sides�go�missing)

Page 27: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Penal ProvisionsPenal ProvisionsPenal ProvisionsPenal Provisions

� Section�20�(2): Any�person�who�sells�or�distributes�

cigarettes�or�tobacco�products�which�do�not�contain�either�

on�the�package�or�on�their�label,�the�specified�warning�and�

the�nicotine�and�tar�contents�shall�in�the�case�of�first�

conviction�be�punishable�with�imprisonment�for�a�term,�

which�may�extend�to�one�year,�or�with�fine�which�may�

extend�to�one�thousand�rupees,�or�with�both,�and,�for�the�

second�or�subsequent�conviction,�with�imprisonment�for�a�

term�which�may�extend�to�two�years�and�with�fine�which�

may�extend�to�three�thousand�rupees.

Page 28: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Penal ProvisionPenal ProvisionPenal ProvisionPenal Provision

� Section�20:�(1) Any�person�who�produces�or�manufactures�

cigarettes�or�tobacco�products,�which�do�not�contain,�either�

on�the�package�or�on�their�label,�the�specified�warning�and�

the�nicotine�and�tar�contents,�shall�in�the�case�of�first�

conviction�be�punishable�with�imprisonment�for�a�term�

which�may�extend�to�two�years,�or�with�fine�which�may�

extend�to�five�thousand�rupees,�or�with�both,�and�for�the�

second�or�subsequent�conviction�with�imprisonment�for�a�

term�which�may�extend�to�five�years�and�with�fine�which�

may�extend�to�ten�thousand�rupees.

Page 29: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

WHY?WHY?

OldOldOldOld Cigarette Act of 1975Cigarette Act of 1975Cigarette Act of 1975Cigarette Act of 1975

The�Cigarettes�(Regulations�of�Production,�Supply�and�Distribution),�Act,�1975�[The�Act�replaced�by�2003�Act�- COTPA]

� Section�17:�Penalty- Any�person�who,-

(a)�sells,�or�distributes�or�supplies�in�the�course�of�any�trade or�commerce,�any�package�of�cigarettes�which�does�not�contain,�either�on�the�package�or�on�its�label,�the�specified�warning,

(b)�produces,�or�supplies�or�distributes�in�the�course�of�any�trade�or�commerce,�any�package�of�cigarettes�which�does�not�contain,�either�on�the�package�or�on�its�label,�the�specified�warning,

(c)�advertises,�or�takes�part�in�the�advertisement�of,�cigarettes�if�such�advertisement�does�not�include�the�specified�warning,

shall�be�punishable�with�imprisonment�for�a�term�which�may�extend�to�three�years,�or�with�fine�which�may�extend�to�five�thousand�rupees,�or�with�both.

Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also been diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Act

Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also Clearly COTPA has been made weaker and also been diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Actbeen diluted even if compared to 1975 Act

Page 30: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Major Legal BarriersMajor Legal BarriersMajor Legal BarriersMajor Legal Barriers

Provision of “The Cigarettes (Regulations of Production, Supply and Distribution), Act, 1975:”

Section�19: Offences�to�be�cognizable�and�bailable -

(1)�Notwithstanding�anything�contained�in�the�Code�of�

Criminal�Procedure,�1973,�an�offence�punishable�under�this�

Act�shall�be�bailable.

(2)�For�the�avoidance�of�doubts,�it�is�hereby�declared�that�

every�offence�punishable�under�this�Act�shall�be�cognizable.

Page 31: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Major Legal BarriersMajor Legal BarriersMajor Legal BarriersMajor Legal Barriers

Provision of “CIGARETTES AND OTHER TOBACCO PRODUCTS ACT, 2003:”

Section�27: Notwithstanding�anything�contained�in�

the�Code�of�Criminal�Procedure,�1973,�an�offence�

punishable�under�this�Act�shall�be�bailable.

(The�necessary�requirement�of�the�offences�being�

COGNIZABLE�is�missing)

Page 32: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Criminal Procedure CodeCriminal Procedure CodeCriminal Procedure CodeCriminal Procedure Code

THE�FIRST�SCHEDULE

II-CLASSIFICATION�OF�OFFENCES�AGAINST�– OTHER�LAWS

If�any�offence�is�punishable�with�imprisonment�for�less�than�

3�years�or�with�fine�only�it�is�triable by�any�magistrate�and�

shall�be�treated�as�Non-Cognizable(Unless�the�cognizability of�an�offence�is�mentioned�in�the�legislation)

Meaning�thereby: A�policeman/enforcement�officer�

can�not�make�arrest�without�warrant�and/or��register�FIR�or�

investigate�without�courts�prior�order�

Page 33: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Makes it uselessMakes it uselessMakes it uselessMakes it useless

This�lacunae�leaves�the�pictorial�warning�

provisions�largely�un-implementable�and�

useless.�Only�a�highly�motivated�law�

enforcement�officer�is�likely�to�go�

through�the�long�process�to�book�any�

violator.�This�has�till�date�not�happened�

with�Section�5;�which�also�has�a�similar�

lacunae.�

Page 34: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Lost BattleLost BattleLost BattleLost Battle

Let’s�have�no�doubt�that�we�have�lost�a�battle…….

………………… even�though�the�war�is�still�on

Let’s not live in a make-believe world .…..

We have been unsuccessful

BECAUSE

In�compliance�to�FCTC,�picture�warnings�on�tobacco�products�had�

to�come�in�any�case.�At�the�most,�there�could�have�been�a�little

delay;�this�would�have�been�more�acceptable�than�what�we�

have�at�present……

Page 35: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The way Out The way Out The way Out The way Out ---- RemedyRemedyRemedyRemedy

� Scrap�the�3rd May�2009�notification�which�introduced�

aberration�in�the�“Picture�Warnings.”

� Scrap�the�March�15,�2008�notification�(and�all�related)

� Return�to�the�2005�notification

� Make�the�graphic�warning�display�more�than�50%�on�all�

sides�of�packs.�Preferably�100%�on�one�side�and�50%�on�the�

other.

� Advocacy�for�the�present�aberrated notification�in�no�

solution

Page 36: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Amend the PAmend the PAmend the PAmend the P----oooo----P RuleP RuleP RuleP Rule

If the May 31, 2005 Notification doesn't come If the May 31, 2005 Notification doesn't come If the May 31, 2005 Notification doesn't come If the May 31, 2005 Notification doesn't come into force; amend Rule 4into force; amend Rule 4into force; amend Rule 4into force; amend Rule 4

Rule�4.�Prohibition�of�advertisement�of�cigarette�and�other�tobacco�products.—-

(1)�The�size�of�the�board�used�for�advertisement�for�cigarettes�and�any�other�tobacco�products�displayed�at�the�entrance�or�inside�a�warehouse�or�a�shop�where�cigarettes�and�any�other�such�tobacco�products�are�offered�for�distribution�or�sale�shall not�exceed�ninety�centimetre�by�sixty�centimetre�and�number�of�such�boards�shall�not�exceed�two.�

(2)�Each�such�board�shall�contain�in�the�Indian�language�as�applicable,�one�of�the�following�warning�occupying�twenty-five�percent,�of�top�area�of�the�board,�namely:�

– (i)�Tobacco�Causes�Cancer,�or�

– (ii)�Tobacco�Kills�

(3)�The�board�referred�to�in�sub-rule�(2)�shall�contain�only�the�brand�name�or�picture�of�the�tobacco�products�and�no�other�promotional�message�and�picture�

REPLACE:

(2)�Every�board�as�mentioned�above�shall�contain�the�specified�picture�warning�(as�provided�in�schedule�x�-------- of�-----------)�in�the�Indian�language�as�applicable,�one�of�the on�no�less�that�50%�of�the�total�display�area�of�such�advertisement.�Etc…………

Page 37: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

The way Out The way Out The way Out The way Out –––– RemedyRemedyRemedyRemedy(For the Civil Society)(For the Civil Society)(For the Civil Society)(For the Civil Society)

�EXPOSE�all�those�who�introduced,�agreed�to�

and�allowed�the�aberrations�at�the�cost�of�a�

million�deaths�every�year

�Push�for�charges�against�those�who�gave�way�

to�pressures�and�greed�and�agreements

�Explore�legal�action�on�implementation�

(Getting�a�court�order�can�help)

Page 38: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

What is CorruptionWhat is CorruptionWhat is CorruptionWhat is Corruption

From:�Prevention�of�Corruption�Act,�1988:-

Section�13:�Criminal�misconduct�by�a�public�servant

(1) A�public�servant�is�said�to�commit�the�offence�

of�criminal�misconduct,�-

(d) If�he,�

(iii) While�holding�office�as�a�public�servant,�obtains�for�any�

person�any�valuable�thing�or�pecuniary�advantage

without�any�public�interest;

Page 39: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

Amend the LawAmend the LawAmend the LawAmend the Law

When�overnight�the�skull-bone�sign�could�be�amended�in�

both�the�houses�of�the�parliament�(in�hush-hush�manner),�

another�amendment�too�can�be�brought�in�the�legislation�

FOR�GOOD.

� Section�27�has�to�read: Notwithstanding�anything�

contained�in�the�Code�of�Criminal�Procedure,�1973,�an�

offence�punishable�under�this�Act�shall�be�cognizable�but

bailable.

(Some�other�small�changes�will�also�fix�the�other�loop-holes,�it�should�be�done�in�

partnership�with�the�tobacco�control�civil�society�and�not�by�taking�the�tobacco�

industry�in�confidence.)

Page 40: Possible Barriers and Legal Remedies :: by Hemant Goswami

TogetherWe can change the

equation