Position Criticality in Chess Endgames Guy Haworth and Árpád Rusz [email protected]
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Pos. Crit., 2011-11-111
Position Criticalityin Chess Endgames
Guy Haworth and Árpád [email protected]
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Árpád Rusz, Starchess World Champion
Pos. Crit., 2011-11-112
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Topics
Original inspirationExample problem to solve: the Saavedra studyProblems with the graph as a proof mechanismThe chess variant, Chess(SP)Algorithm and implementationSupplementary solvable problemsArpad’s Starchess implementationFutures
Pos. Crit., 2011-11-113
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The original inspiration: the Chess Win Study
Pos. Crit., 2011-11-114
the most famous study ...Saavedra & Barbier (1895):
1.c7 Rd6+ 2.Kb5 Rd5+ 3.Kb4 Rd4+ 4.Kb3 Rd3+ 5.Kc2 Rd4! 6.c8=R!!
1w 1b 2 3 4 5 76Kb3"'Kb5"' Kb4“(‘) Kc2"'c7"'
Photo by Matt Scott, used under a CCA 2.0 Generic license
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What about alternative White moves?
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White to move
Black to move
cycling move slower, equivalent progress
divergent progress, maybe alternative solution
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Chess Study solutions: effectively unique
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Moves to classify and maybe ‘ignore’: a) White moves that revisit a position, b) White moves that allow Black to force
a position to be revisited
1w 1b 2 3 4 5 76
5...Rd44.Kc3'
4.Kb54...Rd5+"
Kb3"'Kb5"' Kb4“(‘) Kc2"'c7"'
1w 1b 2 3 4 5 76
3.Kb6
6.Kb3
Kb3"'Kb5"' Kb4“(‘) Kc2"'c7"'
a)
b)
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Time-wasting move (continued)
Pos. Crit., 2011-11-117
14w 14b 15 16 17 18 19
S2' 18 1916.Qf1+
Kxb6"' Kc7"' Kc6"'
Qb1+"
Qb6"
Qb6"
Qc1+
• mainline move m is m: P1 P2
• a third class of time-wasting move:c) Black forces the line via P2
this is an example from Hornecker (2009), HHdbIV#7564916. Qb6" is the only DTM-optimal move16. Qf1+ makes no alternative progress, is slower and …
therefore is a time-waster of type ‘c’
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• Saavedra and Barbier (1895)
• Hornecker (2009)
• Verdict: ‘graph proofs’ are not compact or manifestly correct
Graph ‘proofs’ of uniqueness
Pos. Crit., 2011-11-118
1w 1b 2 3 4 5 76
3.Kb6
6.Kb3
4...Rd1" 5.Kc2"'5...Rd44.Kc3'
4.Kb54...Rd5+"
Kb3"'Kb5"' Kb4“(‘) Kc2"'c7"'
14w 14b 15 16 17 18 19
16.Qa516...Kf5"
S2' 18 19
17...Kf616.Qf1+
17.Qg2
18.Qf1+
18...Kg5
19...Kg519.Qf1+
18.Qa3 Kxb6"' Kc7"' Kc6"'
Qf1+"'
Qb1+"
Qb6"
Qb6"
Qc1+18
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Can White win, without repeating position?
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• declare this positions drawn!• pos. P becomes a refuge for Black• give Black a Get out of Jail card• let SP be the set of such refuges
• this defines Chess variant Chess(SP)• compute the Chess(SP) EGT ... EGTSP
• what has changed ... (EGT, EGTSP) ?
Define this position Pto be ‘drawn’ rather than
won for White
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The impact of defining some extra draws
SP is the set of positions newly defined to be draws the set SP defines a ‘designer’ Chess Variant Chess(SP) TP is the set of positions whose Chess(SP) values we ‘target’
When the Chess(SP) values of positions in TP are known ... stop! Black can force White’s win from a position P in TP
through a position in SP ... if and only if P is a draw in Chess(SP)
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SP
IP1
IP2positions with changed
values or depths
positions with changed values
depth = d plies
TP
?
??
No effect on positions which are no deeper
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other irrelevant positions,e.g., with Pawns indifferent positions
Ignorable positions: Black wins and draws, positions no deeper than p SP Unreachable positions, e.g., Pawns elsewhere
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}EPositions SP and no deeper than shallowest in SP
draws
wins for Black
SPIP1
TPthe
remainingpositions
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Starchess Statistics
1,626,168,997 different sub-6-man positions 9,967,573 type B1-M zugs
i.e. White (to move) has a win, but has a quicker win with btm 7,168,489 type B1-M zugs have a Pawn and zug-depth = 1 or = 2 2,799,084 type B1-M zugs needed to be examined
the goal was to find ‘Vital’ B1 zugs where Black forces through the btm pos.
2,751,547 type Pawnless B1-M zugs had zd = 1 47,537 type B1-M zugs required more examination 910 B1-M zugs are Vital B1 zugs 6 Vital B1 zugs are ‘reflective’ ... Involving symmetry
we will see them all: 2 with zd=1, 1 with zd=2, 1 with ‘Limping Pawn’
The computation was done 50x faster than calculating EGTs
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Starchess: the start position and moves
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Video
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Guide to the Starchess videos following
In the top left panel are indicated: the Starchess values and depths if White to move, or Black to move the Starchess values and depths after the various moves available
In the bottom left panel are indicated: the Starchess(SP) values and depths if White to move, or Black to move the Starchess(SP) values and depths after the various moves available
Thus, it is possible to see: if a position is a type B1-M zugzwang in Starchess If a position is a vital type B zug
(if so, the position is a draw, wtm, when the shallower btm position is set to draw) Top right is the opening position of some line illustrated
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Pos. Crit., 2011-11-11
Starchess: a Vital type B zugzwang
15
Video
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Pos. Crit., 2011-11-11
a) 1.R34
b) 1.R26
c) 1.Q21 ...
d) 9 ply
e) , LP
f) 11 ply
Starchess: ‘Reflective’ Vital type B zugzwangs
16 Video
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Starchess: ‘longest transit’ Vital type B zug
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Video
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A B1-M zug which fails to be a Vital B1 zug
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Video
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Going forward ...
Compose some 250 Starchess studies based on zug transits Identify positions with An Essentially Unique Winning Move Identify sequences of such positions
Audit 70,799 study positions in the Endgame Table Zone (ETZ) modified Chess EGT generators are in prospect sub-6-man Pawnless positions, sub-6-man Pawnful etc.
Implement Chess(SP) in a way in which it can be widely used by composers, validators, judges of and the audience for studies Adopting various sets of positions as SP Exploiting prior per-endgame-slice WDL and EGT information
Devise a structure for Study Expositions which ...separates out the ‘core story’ and essential aesthetics from ...the detail lines which are needed for technical completeness
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