Ports & Marine Diesel Emissions Reduction Activity ...

Ports & Marine Diesel Emissions Reduction Activity:National Collaboratives & Northeast Case Studies

STAPPA & ALAPCO Spring MeetingMay 24, 2005Madison, WI

Michael BlockNESCAUM

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Presentation Overview

• EPA FACA “Clean Ports USA” WG (*)• West Coast Collaborative (*)• NE Collaborative• Massport• PANYNJ• Staten Island Ferry• NY Private Ferries• Observations

(*) “National Clean Diesel Campaign”

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FACA – Voluntary Program History

EPA wanted stakeholder input to build upon their voluntary programs on nationwide scale – “depth & breath”Want….

Further on-highway penetration (school buses, trucks, et al)

Expansion into new sectors – construction, rail, ag, portsAssess & ensure feasibly of technologies – application specificImplement “enhanced grant program”

Need….Mechanism for awarenessExpert inputStakeholder support

Work Under FACA Purview….

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FACA Stakeholder Process

FACA

CAAAC

MSTRS

CSBUSA, Retrofit & Replacement WG

Stakeholder Input

Established by Congress (’72) to engender public participation

and expert advice

’90, advises EPA on

Clean Air Act

Scientific & tech arm of CAAAC

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FACA – CSBUSA, Retrofit & Replacement WG

Conceived under EPA auspices, Dec. 2003

2 year program – final report to EPA, December, 2005

Sub-working groups by sector

Ports: Trish Koman (EPA) & Michael Block (NESCAUM)

Construction,

Freight (Trucks, Rail, Airports),

School Bus

AG recently added

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Year 1 (2004)4 WGs formationDevelop work planDC Conference, June ’04Retrofit WG follow-up meeting, October ‘04

Year 2 (2005)EPA’s “Retrofit Experience Evaluation Project”Implement sector-specific plansFollow-up sector-specific workshopsFollow-up WG Meetings Final report, Dec ’05, to MSTRS

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June 3rd & 4th, 2004 Conference, DC: www.cleanfleetsusa.net300+ attendeesMuch industry and government presence; less fleets…Additional grant funding announced (school buses)Plenary “overview session”, day 1, then 4 concurrent WG “breakouts”, final “reporting back in 2nd plenaryPorts Sector Breakouts – presentations from ports and ports-related stakeholders -- Lubrizol/Engine Control Systems (ECS), Port of Houston, MARAD, PANYNJ, USACE, POLBConference effective in identifying issues, all sectors

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“Clean Ports USA” WS – Corpus Christi, TX, Jan, ‘05Goals:

Input – incentives to reduce emissions at portsCannot do effectively w/o stakeholder inputWS provided initial, “1st step” forum for that input

Ports Primer – Basic Facts, Technology, Case StudiesBroad stakeholder representationPresentations & Breakouts – Operating Ports, Landlord, Term OpsLaunched dialogue

BALANCE environmental stewardship effective business plan

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• March ’05 Meeting –• Maintaining dialogue, planning report to EPA, Engage

NAWE (Charlotte Mtg)

• June ’05 Meeting – report writing

• September ’05 – Draft Report

• End of CY ’05 – Final Report

• FACA sunsets, April ’06

• Two reports: ICF Incentives, “Experience Evaluation” (R’Fit Database)

West Coast Collaborative – Marine Vessels and Ports

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• Focus on west coast diesel emissions – US and CDN

• Goal: reduce diesel emissions in the most impacted communities• Supporting and bringing attention to the many

highly successful existing efforts• Creating a forum for information sharing along

major transportation corridors in the West• Leveraging significant new resources• Developing and implementing projects

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• Marine WG began in April 2004 in Seattle:• Connected marine ports and air agencies to begin

educating one another• Expanded w/Collaborative meeting in San Francisco,

subsequent teleconferences • One of 5 Sector Work Groups (Ag, Trucking, Rail,

Construction)• Approximately 50 regular participants (ports):

• Leading industry associations • Cutting edge technology producers• Committed NGO’s

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3 focus areas:

1. Emission Inventories

2. Sulfur Emission Control Area (SECA)

3. Information Sharing and Project Development

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Latest Developments/Next Steps:

• Newsletter

• Continuing sector-specific meetings, CCs

• Promoting projects

• Leveraging funding

• Exchange & interaction w/FACA (ports)

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Northeast Diesel Collaborative

• Northeast region – history of clean diesel innovation for in-use fleet

• Salem, MA powerplant

• “Central Artery Bridge & Tunnel (“Big Dig”)

• Template for EPA Verification Program,

March 1999 NESCAUM report

www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/documents/epafinalrep.pdf

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Northeast Diesel CollaborativeGoals of the Collaborative• Develop linkages among existing programs• Expand the scope of existing programs• Encourage partners to collaborate on new

initiatives• Serve as a technical clearinghouse and

resource• Explore leveraging opportunities among

funders• Communicate the successes of the program to

the larger community

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Northeast Diesel Collaborative

Sector-Based Approach • Trucks• Transit buses• School buses• Construction equipment• Locomotive • Marine

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Northeast Diesel CollaborativeActivities and Strategies • Retrofits• Repowering• Retirement / scrappage• Rebuild• Refuel (Clean fuels & additives)• Inspection & maintenance• Anti-idling measures• Monitoring & assessment• Outreach & communication

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Northeast Diesel CollaborativeYear One Activities (starting now)• Recruit partners• Brand, publicize & market Collaborative• Develop master catalogue in clean diesel initiatives in

the region• Create web-based maps of projects• Serve as incubator for clean diesel innovation• Serve as operational interface to link partners with

technical and financial resources• Develop linkages to EPA OTAQ and other

Collaboratives• Bring greater focus to clean diesel needs &

opportunities through all of the above

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Northeast Diesel CollaborativeManagement and Structure• Housed at NESCAUM• Directed by NESCAUM, EPA I & EPA II• Est. Small Steering Committee – provide

strategic guidance• Est. Larger Advisory Group – bring

broader interests into the initiative

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NE Case Studies

• Massport

• PANYNJ

• Staten Island Ferry

• NY Private Ferries

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Massport – EPA Sensitive Populations

• “Sensitive Populations” susceptible to effects of PM• $82,800; April 2006• 2 major components – yard equip; drayage trucks• Yard – DOC + ULSD

• 13 pieces of equipment: RTGCs, stackers, mast lifts• Cummins & Caterpillar diesel powered

• Trucks – DOCs• R’fit 20 drayage trucks, Connelly Terminal• RFP to trucking companies, April 2005 (80+!)• Anticipated completion, October 2005

• Follows upon existing programs – DOCs, LSD, Idling, Tier 2

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PANYNJ – Green Practices• Green Practices Task Force

• Initiating dialogue with & between tenants• Voluntary initiatives to promote a cleaner port –

recycling, less idling, use of lower sulfur fuels• Crane electrification• On dock rail – in place in NJ, Staten Island on deck• PIDN (Port Inland Distribution Network) ($6M)

• PANYNJ “feeder port”• Replace goods transport via truck by barge, rail

(cheaper, less emissions)• In operation for Albany (barge)

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PANYNJ – APM Terminals

Criteria For Emissions Strategy• Meets Business Needs

• Supported By Current Infrastructure

• Program With National Application

• Sustainable Long Term

• Integrates With Prevailing & Future Standards

• Must Be Safe

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PANYNJ – APM Terminals – LSD/ULSD

1993

2006

Fuel Sulfur5,000 ppm

Fuel Sulfur 500 ppm

Fuel Sulfur 15 ppm

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APM Emissions Reduction Strategy

• Replace, not retrofit

• Nonroad Tier 2 for repower

• On-highway for replacement

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Effect Of Fleet Renewal/Modernization –the business case

• More efficient power• Safer equipment• Reduced emissions• Reduced maintenance• Less downtime• Enhanced warranty (on-highway)• Enabler of additional technology

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Ferries – Retrofit Challenges

• Technical –

• EGT (wet v dry)

• Diesel fuel sulfur

• Space

• Safety

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Staten Island Ferry – SCR Demo Proj

Impetus for Demonstration Project • CAA General Conformity for 50’ Harbor

Deepening• NOx emissions offset from harbor deepening

dredging• Harbor Air Management Plan (HAMP)• Ferry NOx mitigation one of six “Tiers” of

proposed mitigation strategies

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• Owned and operated by NYCDOT. • Alice Austen

• Retrofitted with Argillon LLC SINOx® SCR• Hardware/install costs of ~ $700,000• Urea costs of ~ $1.30/gallon • No SCR for gen sets – repower• Installation completed, last fall (’04)• Undergoing acceptance testing• WVU in-use emissions testing (PEMS)

• John Noble (sister ship)• Plan to install, fall ’05• Probably same vendor; same technology


6NO + 4NH3 = 5N2 + 6H2O4NO + 4NH3 + O2 = 4N2 + 6H2O

6NO2 + 8NH3 = 7N2 + 12H2O2NO2 + 4NH3 + O2 = 3N2 + 6H2ONO + NO2 + 2NH3 = 2N2 + 3H2O

Source: DieselNet

CO(NH2)2 = 2 ·NH2 + COCO(NH2)2 + H2O =2NH3 + CO2

Reduction Equations

Urea Hydrolyzation

80-95%

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Staten Island Ferry – SCR Demo ProjIssues• Urea

• Infrastructure/supply• Price well above anticipated

• Urea Tank Installation• Ammonia odor issues• Ventilation issues

• USCC• Required installation of catwalks, handrails, etc• Required deadweight survey to account for addition of

weight of SCR system since system was >2% of light ship load

• Significant vessel downtime

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Staten Island Ferry – SCR Demo ProjNext – to 2007• Move to larger class vessels –

•Kennedy (reaching retirement)•Molanari•Barbieri•Fleet averages seven vessels

• EMD 2-cycle locomotive diesels – different challenges over 4-cycle Cat’s• Emissions signature – high soot content• Oil sulfur content – in exhaust gases• Exhaust temps lower

• RFP solicitation ~06/05 seeking:- SCR Proposals

- Repowering with low emission engines- Turbocharger swaps or other mechanical changes- Other?

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NYSERDA Private Ferries

• Pilot project – NOx and PM emission reductions• Impetus – NYC very large ferry fleet after 9/11 – 3 operators, ≈ 45

vessels• Historically high emitters• Goal – pilot feasibility, 1 vessel; subsequent grants, other funding

for full fleet• Project team – Seaworthy Systems, NESCAUM, ESI, Environment

Canada• Fleets –

• NY Waterways, NY Water Taxi, Sea Streak• Varying vessels, engines, types, sizes, routes

• Schedule• Proposal, May 2003• 1st PAG Meeting, January 2004• Pilot retrofit, fall, 2005

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NYSERDA Private FerriesProject Components

• Vessel Characterization – Fleet ID• In-use vessel data acquisition• ULSD drop in• In-use vessel emissions testing & evaluation• Engine dynamometer emission confirmatory testing• ECT matrix development• RFP• ECT downselect• ECT deployment• In-use vessel emissions testing & evaluation• Full-fleet planning• Final Report

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Sea Streak Water Taxi

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NYSERDA Private FerriesECT Candidates

• Wide array of RFP respondents• May select combinations to maximize NOx & PM reductions• FBC, DOC, ADPF, PDPF, SCR, LNC, emulsions…..

Project Challenges• Private fleet schedule/business plan• Space• Safety• Operating parameters – emissions signature, exhaust gas

temperatures

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Ferries – Exhaust Types

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Observations

Yes, we can do this!

• Regulatory/Mandatory

• Contracts-based

• Voluntary

Ports & Marine Diesel Emissions Reduction Activity ...

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