Portraiture

Reflective of IndividualismOften showed the materialism of the cultureGhirlandaio portrait a perfect example

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Botticelli—Portraits of Sandro di Medici and “unknown woman”

Durer II

Define humanism:

Secular, but not necessarily anti-Christian

Greek and Roman

Focus on explaining humans and human nature

Learning emphasized

Great Humanists?

PetrarchBocaccioMirandolaCastiglioneVergerioBruniValla

More humanists—

T. More

Erasmus

Rabelais—cynic, made fun of those in society he found to be contradictory

Prescriptive literature:Tells reader how to actExample—Castiglione, Vergerio…

Vernacular—Common language—humanist writers

Is the term “Renaissance” misleading?

Secularism and individualism?

No learning during late mid. Ages?

Scholasticism?

What were the components of a great Renaissance education?

Liberal education

History

Poetry

Military

Humble…

How was a Ren. Woman’s education and life different from that of a man?

More poetry and religion

Less political and social status

Married young

Made babies

More isolated (private sphere)

Demure/ modest

Was “The Prince” misinterpreted?

Why did M. write the book?

How was it the first modern treatise on political systems?

“Does the welfare of the state justifies everything” mean “the end justifies the means?”

How did politics and social classes begin to change?

Popolo—middle class started to increase in size, wanted more political powerCommunes—free associations of free individuals—in townsSignori—beyond feudal lords, Despots (sometimes enlightened)Medici, Sforza, Florence, Milan

How was Italy divided?

Duchy of Milan

Rome and the Papal States

Republic of Florence

Naples and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Compare the N. Ren. To the Italian Ren…

art and literature?

Writers?

Emphasis on Religion?