Portfolio

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Johan Karlssonarchitecture and structural engineering student at chalmers university of technology in göteborg, sweden

e: [email protected]: +4673-7771741a: åvägen 6 - 212, 41250 Göteborgw: www.issuu.com/johan.dv.karlsson www.arktek.se

I am a third year student of “Arkitektur och Teknik” at Chalmers university in Gothenburg. This is a unique program that combines equal measures of architecture and civil engineering. At the end of our studies we become architects, engineers, or both! Either way we choose to go, I believe that collaboration across the fields will be benefited throughout our careers.

My long term vision is to be working with design from a technical perspective, where form and function could be woven together. To achieve this I see that a good insight in both architecture and civil engineering as well as broad computational skills will be key. I am especially interested in mathematically defined archi-tecture, parametric design and sustainability issues.

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Project: Skyscraper, year 3

Project: shade laboratory, year 3

Project: townhouses, year 2

Project: bridge house, year 2

Project: square / carpark, year 1

Project: sauna, year 1

Workshops: architectural

Workshops: structural / programming

Field trips: switzerland, england, italy

001 Project: skyscraper, year 3 Professor: morten lund, Mendel KleinerCourse: Bachelor thesisTeam: Johan Karlsson, Martin Pettersson, Amr AbboudSite: Mong Kok, Hong KongWhen: Spring term 2012

AssignmentWith good acoustics as the central ambition create a tall building on a parking lot in Hong Kong. To give something back to the community in form of a public space adjacent to the building. The house should include the three functions offices, hotel and a nightclub. The functions must be placed in this order counted from the ground floor. The project brief followed the competition “ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, STUDENT DESIGN COMPETITION 2012” to which three of the total fifteen projects were sent.

ConceptMong Kok district in Hong Kong is the most densely populated area in the world(!), thereto it is hot, sunny and humid. For this reason there is a great need for pleasant places to rest. We have focused on creating such a place to give something back to the people of the district, instead of using the whole lot for the building.

The main building stands with its back toward the heaviest trafficked junction, thus shielding as much noise as possible from the park. Towards north the building opens up, facing the park.

ProcessThis project is my bachelor thesis, and has twice the credits compared to earlier projects. In addition we were three people in the group working on it. There was a big focus on acoustics, so the third member of the group was an acoustics student, working beside me and another Archi-tecture and engineering student.

We had a long phase of prestudies where we orientated ourselves in the field of architecture combined with acoustics. The very first stage of this process was a two weeks long full time course of room acoustics for us Architecture and engineering students. We later studied the archi-tecture of the three functions of the building; Offices, hotels and night-clubs.

The next step was to start explor-ing the site and to come up with form concepts. Initially we worked with physical models, trying many different shapes. We settled on the final shape after a midcritique, and started working on the computer. We worked in Rhinoceros with plug-ins Grasshopper and Vray, in AutoCAD and in Photoshop and InDesign.

Café

Restaurant

Argyle street

Luen Wan street

Yim Po Fong street

ShopShop

Shop

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Plaza The plaza is a calm place for a break away from the hectic pulse of the city. It offers several different places to sit down and rest for a while. A water-fall and a large tree are the main focus points, as well as providing pleasant masking sound and coolness.

The site is slightly higher in the northern part. The western sitting area is as a consequence terraced, and the place in front of the café is levelled with a short stair leading down to the main lower level.

The junction of Argyle street and Luen Wan street is heavily trafficked, and a tunnel that otherwise suppresses the sound from the railway opens up here, exposing the passing freight trains. To create a pleasant sound environment in the public space it is key to screen the sounds from this junction. The building is placed in order to do just that.

Mong Kok East metro station is situated to the north-east of the site. Many people walk along Luen Wan street heading south toward the busy Argyle street and further on, downtown. The pedes-trian paths north of the site have been slightly modified to lead the majority of this stream through the park instead of around it.

Typical office floor Privacy rooms

Copy room

Glass wall:STC 30

Reverberance time: 0.2 sec

Reverberation time T-30Sound pressure level from HVAC Inclined walls, absorbing ceiling

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Office The lowest half of the tower houses offices. On a typical floor as shown to the right there are about fifty work-places in an open office landscape, and ten closed off rooms. No inner walls are load-bearing as all the forces are handled in the central elevator core and a system of steel beams and columns in the facade. This gives the opportunity to customize each floor to the specific needs of the tenant.

To minimize noise in the office space many walls are inclined so that flutter echo is avoided. In the open office landscape absorbing walls are placed in between the workplaces, and there are closed-off glass cubicles where the employees can avoid disturbing others as well as getting disturbed.

Typical hotel room

Wall detail Typical hotel floor

Hotel lobby

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Baggage storage

Break room Offices

Bar

Reception

Door: STC 30

STC 54

FSTC 45 Floating floor

Hotel The upper half of the skyscraper is a high class hotel. On the 25th floor is a reception in two floors with many facilities. Then the higher up you get in the building, the more exclusive are the rooms. To separate the hotel from the noisy nightclub that is situated on the very top floor, a gym and spa complex lies on the next to top floor.

To invite daylight into the core of the build-ing as the geometry of the house generates larger and larger floor plans, an atrium with greenery growing within it faces the tilting glass facade to the north. Every aisle in the hotel ends in a full height window that lets in generous amounts of light.

There rooms vary from small and affordable to large and exclusive. Behind the bed in a typical room is a large scattering wall made from stacked wooden plates. This feature will be beautiful as it is side lit from the day-light.

Advanced measures have been taken in order to avoid noise passing through walls and slabs. The ceiling is suspended to avoid direct contact with the slab, this also gives a gen-erous installation space. In the walls the studs are separated, i.e. the boards on either side do not connect to the same stud. This dramatically enhances the performance of the walls acoustically.

The air inlet is placed as far away from the bed as possible, and through absorption map-pings show a 10 dB decrease in sound preassure level from the air inlet to the bed.

Gym, spa and nightclub reception

Penthouse nightclub

Nightclub section

Flipable panels

Dance floor detail

Hotel floorHotel floor

Ventilation machinery

Ventilation shaft

Office Spa Gym Green room

Kitchen

Vent.

Dancefloor

Scene

Bar

Bar

Gym

Mens changing room

Womens changing room

Green room

Spa

Break room

Locker room

Wardrobe

Office

Reception

ICC 54

Floating floor with hardwood parquet150 mm Rockwool

Nightclub In the penthouse of the tower is a multi-function nightclub. On the large dance floor in the middle of the room the ceiling height is double. In the north-west corner is the stage. On the opposite side is a mezzanine floor with seating. under there are bars and additional seats. Along sec-tions of the walls the facade opens up in glass which lets the staggering views of Hong Kong in.

Here events of varied characters can take place. To make sure the acoustics are always great, the sound environment can be varied through different methods. For example there are flipable acoustical panels in the ceiling and on the walls. On one side they are absorbing, which is good for example for dinners, on the other side they are hard and scattering which is good for classical concerts and dance clubs.

The sound isolation from the other parts of the building is crucial. As high pres-sure levels as peaks of 130 dB can be handled. To achieve this the floor below the dance floor has a large spa and gym complex. These functions are not used at the same time that the sound peak levels are reached, and hence works as an insulat-ing layer. The construction elements are designed with great care to minimize step sound and sound passing through to other parts of the building. For instance the floor is suspended on rubber bearings and steel profiles that do not let vibrations through.

Rubber supported inner floor

Deflector spring isolator systemSTC:ICC:

300 mm concrete slab

Rubber supported ceiling with double gypsum boards and K-13 acoustical coating.Absorption coeff.: 99 % at 1 kHz

300x250 mm steel VKR-beam

250x200 mm steel L-beam

Sun screen, 1000 mm

High pressure laminate panel, 20 mm

Double glazing, low emission treated. emission index: 0.3, STC: 40

Pipe clamp WSW pad Safing material

Piping detail

Facade detail

Sun screening Principal structural lay-out

Construction The foundation of the building is a multi-sto-rey garage that stands on concrete piles. On top of the garage rests a central load-bearing elevator and ventilation shaft. Together with the shaft a system of steel columns and beams carry the loads from the concrete slabs on each floor.

The column and beam system is horizontally stabilized with a diagonal steel rod on each floor. Rotational stability is handled through the centrally placed shaft.

The facade is to about 40 % glassed, and the rest is clad in white high-pressure laminate panels. It is supported on the steel column and beam system. The first five floors have triple glazed windows with STC 52, whereas double glazing with STC 40 are used further up.

Hong Kong is a very hot place, with average summer temperatures of 28 centigrade. Cooling could be a big expense in a building like this. To minimize energy consumption, the glass is therefore reflection treated with an emission index of only 0.3. One metre wide panels above the windows screen most of the heat radiation. As the laminate panels are white, most of the heat radiation is reflected.

The ventilation machinery is placed on top of the roof. This central fan and cooling system provides fresh air for the entire building. The ventilation system is placed on a separated slab that is sound-isolated from the roof slab through vibration absorbers, thus cancelling vibra-tions from the ventilation system from the rest of the building. The ventilation shaft is generous in order to minimize the air flow speed and thereby minimizing turbulence noise from pipes and fans. The main shaft is also used for water and electricity piping.

Reflection In this project my eyes were opened to the field of room acous-tics. This is something that I will carry with me and have in mind in future designs. It was interesting to work in a group, and especially with a student from another discipline, namely acoustics. This I think is closer to how building technology consults work in real life.

Apart from acoustics I further developed my skills in archi-tectural design, as well as structural systems. I continued to develop my interest in parametric design whilst working with Grasshopper and Rhinoceros.

Generally I am pleased with how the design turned out, and that it could result in something really good if we had the chance to further develop it. However being such a large project, I feel that we did not have time to go through everything as many times as I would have wanted, and that we did not go as deep as I would have liked. I like the fact that we chose to let acoustics steer our design to a big extent.

002 Project: shade laboratory, year 3 Professor: morten lundCourse: optimized structuresTeam: solo projectSite: lövåsen, bohuslän, swedenWhen: fall term 2011

AssignmentTo design a building that will enhance the experience of this world heritage listed petroglyph site. The central part of the program is a shading roof over rock carvings. In addition there should be a number of functions for visitors, as well as a seasonal research center for up to four scientists.

ConceptA slender construction with a con-temporary expression, lying like a light roof just above the rock. A separate building that is distinct in design from the shading roof, but with recurrent materials. Material optimization in the roof structure and an ambition to lead forces as directly as possible to the supports.

ProcessAfter initial form and force studies with pen and paper, I worked primar-ily in Rhinoceros with Grasshopper (parametric modelling plug-in).

I wanted eccentric catenary arches to support the roof structure. To find this form I scripted a mass-spring simulator in Matlab. The curves were then exported via DXF file format to Rhinoceros. Here the rest of the model was built parametrically with Grasshopper.

The eccentricity of the arches are controlled by variations in load in my simulation. In reality this could be managed by variations in the weight of the arches or the closeness of load-bearing wires. 2D drawings were extracted from Rhino and finalized in AutoCAD. With Vray rendering engine I created visualizations, which were then edited in Photoshop.

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History

In the bronze age when petroglyphs were carved into the flat rocks of Scandinavia, the climate was much milder than today. The melted glaciers that are once again disappearing today had then risen the sea level substantially. Large parts of what is now Bohuslän, close to the Norwegian border, was then an archipelago.

Site

From the carpark along a small country road, not far from the E6 highway there is a short walk up to the site of the shade laboratory. Halfway along the path you will se apparent contempo-rary buildings. You will get an overview of the centre, and be led to the meeting place under the shading roof. From here you can go really close to the rock along a hanging footbridge, or walk along the edge of the rocks edge. After having seen the rock carvings you might want to take a break in the dining room or use the bathroom. Refreshed you can walk on to the next site in the world heritage area.

House To give another dimension to the petroglyph experience, the house is designed to establish contact between visitors and scientists in the dining room. Here, with a beau-tiful view of the fields and birches outside the panoramic windows, real experts on the subject can answer questions about the site. If a scientist would have the need for some concentrated work, there is also a scientists room separate from the public spaces.

The plan is divided into three main volumes; serving, served, and communication spaces. The served spaces are very open with fully glassed walls, possible due to its direction toward north east, away from direct sunlight.

The entrance is placed in the southern end of the house, leading visitors with light, like a beacon.

Struktur Skuggljuslaboratoriets bärande konstruktion består av tre stålrörsbågar, vajrar, textil, jordankare och tryckstöttor. Målet har varit att så långt som möjligt hantera krafterna i rent tryck och drag, bl.a. genom att vid bågarna hitta kraftpar som tillsammans ger resultanter i tryckbågens verkningsrik-tning. Huvudbågen och nedre takbågen är fast inspända med jordankare. Vid dynamiska laster (ex. vindlast på taket och persontyngd på spången) bildas moment kring stödpunkterna. Stålrörens dimension ökar därför närmare jor-dankarna i korrespondens mot dessa laster, och de tillfälliga momenten tas omhand i balkverkan i bågarna. De olika stödpunkterna är sammankopplade med vajrar och tryckstöttor för att sprida ut krafterna inom strukturen.

Figurförklaringar:1: Huvudbåge, 2: Nedre takbåge, 3: Spångbåge, 4: Vajrar, 5: Textil, 6: Jor-dankare,

Kraftdiagram

Utan dynamisk last Med vindlast och personer på spången

Hus Skugglaboratoriets funktioner ryms i en modernistisk enplansbyggnad. Byggnaden består av tre volymer med följande tre typer av rum: Biutrymmen, kommunikation-sutrymmen och funktionsutrymmen. Biutrymmena ligger samlade i sluten volym, med en fönsterlös fasad mot hällen. Kommunikationsdelen är uppdelad i en publik del och en privat del för forskarna. Funktionsdelen är mycket öppen med helglasad fasad, något som möjlig-görs dels genom stålpelare som tar ned lasten, dels genom att fasaden är riktad mot nordost.

I forkarrummen är den nedersta metern av glasfasa-den “frostad” med hjälp av en opak film för att öka möblerbarheten och begränsa insynen. Det norra for-skarrummet är mer slutet gentemot besökare, här kan fokuserade studier äga rum, medan det södra ansluter till det publika måltidsrummet genom en dörr och ett fönster. Forskarna har en egen utgång där de kan snabbt nå hällen och även en liten fikaplats med bord.

Måltidsrummet är till för både besökare och forskare. Här finns ett pentry och sittplatser för en grupp. Pentryt har sex microvågsugnar, rinnande vatten, en kaffebryggare och en kyl.

Ytmaterialen i huset är:- Textil (återkommande från skärmtaket), som reg-navskärmande skikt på slutna väggar.- Glas, som fasadmaterial i funktions- och kommuni-kationsdel.- Cortenstål, som rumsskiljande och avskärmande skivor.- Förzinkad stålplåt (återkommande med skärmtakets bågar), som takmaterial.- Interiört är ytmaterialen sparsmakade. Entré, målti-dsrum, WC och kommunikationsytor har klinkergolv i grå ton. Biutrymmena har plastmatta, och forskarrum-men ekparkett. Väggarna består interiört av antingen målade gipsskivor eller glas.

Släpljus Den största delen av hällen skuggas effektivt under större delen av dagen. Korta stunder blir delar av hällen belysta med dagsljus, men detta förekom-mer främst på morgonen, då det dels inte är många besökare och dels är så lågt ljus så att släpljus vid rätt förhållanden kan uppstå naturligt.

Textilskärmen är ljus på ovansidan och matt mörk på undersidan. Den mörka färgen absorberar stora delar av del ljus som annars hade reflekterats ned på hällen.

Då det naturliga ljuset inte skapar släpljus längs hällen genereras detta artificiellt genom att LED-lampor finns fästa på undersidan av gångbanan. Dessa kan styras av besökarna själva allteftersom de går längs spången.

Detaljer 1: JordankareFör att få till en god infästning av bågarna i marken utan att behöva schak-ta upp stora jordmassor använder jag ca 1.5 meter höga jordankare som kan slås ned i marken. (www.jordankare.se)

2: Väggsnitt (1:10, A1)Det viktigaste för att minska energiåtgången i ett hus är lufttäthet och reglerad ventilation. Väggarna görs lufttäta genom PE-film, och ventilationen regleras genom ett FTX-system. De bärande väggarna är 250 mm tjocka och bärs av stålreglar. I det inre obrutna isolerskiktet kan installationer dras.

3: Spång (1:10, A1)Spängerna bärs av en kontinuerlig båge från vilken gångbanan kragar ut med hjälp av ett stång/balk-fackverk av stål. Enligt strukturmekanisk beräkn-ing böjer denna konstruktion ned ca 2 mm med tre hoppande personer på spången.

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Spänningsdiagram utan dynamiska laster

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Spänningsdiagram med dynamiska laster (pilar)

Vy 1 (se plan) - Från publikt forskarrum mot måltidsrum och åkerlandskap

Plan, 1:100 (A1)

Solstudie sommarsolstånd

Solstudie vintersolstånd

Efter soluppgång, 03:15 Värsta på fm, 05:11 Mitt på dagen, 12:00 Värsta på em, 15:34 Innan solnedgång 18:27

Efter soluppgång, 09:16 Värsta på fm, 09:16 Mitt på dagen, 12:00 Värsta på em, 12:31 Innan solnedgång, 13:34

Östfasad hus, 1:100 (A1)

Johan KarlssonArkitektur och teknik, år 3Optimerade strukturer HT-11

Sektion B-B, 1:100 (A1)Sektion A-A, 1:100 (A1)

Vy från spången vid det täta klustret av hällristningar i södra änden av hällen

LightMost of the rock carvings are effectively shaded throughout the day. There are only a few moments during the worst day-light conditions that the rock ever gets exposed by sunlight.

For the carved reliefs to stand out, the optimum is to see them illuminated with low side lighting. Once the rock is shaded this light is created through a LED-ramp fitted underneath the footpath.

Kraftdiagram

Utan dynamisk last Med vindlast och personer på spången

Stress diagram without dynamic loads Stress diagram with dynamic loads (arrows)

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Structure The roof structure is made up of three main catenary steel arches (1-3), a textile membrane (5), steel wires (4), ground anchors (6) and steel rods (7).

The principle is that given no dynamic loads, the system is in equilibrium, the forces cancel each other out internally, and the only remains are vertical support forces. Horizontal forces are handled through the wires and rods. Under wind loads or person loads on the footpath the arches will work as beams, leading the forces to the fixed supports. Under wind loads the rods will also stop the structure from closing like a pair of scissors.

Reflection In this project I chose to take time exploring computer aided form-finding through programming and Grasshopper. This is something that I find increasingly interesting, and look forward to developing in future projects. Much thanks to parametric modelling I had a good open-minded process and changed direction several times during the development.

If I would have had the chance to redo something, I would have wanted to develop the load-bearing structure to be more efficient. A struggle I had was to take care of dynamic loads without having a bunch of wires ruining the spaces.

I have come to learn more about the catenary arch, under-standing that this is only an optimum if the predominant load is dead weight. In my project wind loads may well be dominant, and with the arches being tilted as well I might have reconsidered my decisions had i known what I know now.

003 Project: townhouses, year 2Professor: kajsa crona, ola nylanderCourse: building and climateTeam: joel gustafsson, pär bratt, johan karlssonSite: torp, gothenburg, swedenWhen: spring term 2011

AssignmentThe site of the old, now demolished broadcasting building in eastern Gothenburg should be developed into a mixed type residential area. Our mission was to design a part of the lot to a group of townhouses, accord-ing to a well defined master plan from the borough. There was a clear focus on minimizing energy consump-tion and environmental impact. The whole project was intertwined with a course in building physics that we did parallelly.

ConceptA new take on townhouses where the different flats are allowed to expand in the directions necessary, in order to enhance the spaces. An ambition for every flat to have access to a qualitative garden space, be it on the ground, or on the roof.

ProcessThis was the first project I did in a group, and that of course ment new chal-lenges as well as possibilities. We ini-tially discussed, and sketched together to set a concept and strategy for the project, and then as we more and more got a common notion of where we wanted to go, we could work increasingly with separate tasks.

At the same time as we were develop-ing the architecture of the townhouses, we were computing moisture distributions and U-values for its walls, as well as making sure the load-bearing structure would work. In this way we could alter the form of the house in order to enhance the physics performance.

We worked in Rhinoceros to build a digital model, and used that as a base for extracting 2D-drawings and visuali-zations. Afterwards we edited and put the material together with Adobe software.

Planområdet har ett utmärkt läge i östra Göteborg, Stora Torp, på gång- och cykelavstånd till centrum. Längs med Delsjövägen låg här tidigare stadens Radio- och TV-hus. Detta är nu rivet och marken ska bebyggas med bostäder. Området sluttar upp mot ett kuperat naturområde och i sluttningen är det tänkt att lamellhus ska byggas. Delen norr om lamellhusen ska upptas av radhus.

Radhusen har samma placering som de har i SBKs gestalt-ningsprogram för området - vinkelrätt mot Delsjö-vägen och en lokalgata. Lokalgatan är i oftast bilfri, men vid exempelvis flytt går det bra att använda det asfalterade stråket. Från lokalgatan nås radhusen via mindre gator, belagda med skiffer för att markera en övergång mellan allmänt och lite mer privat område.

Mannen i den yttersta lägenheten har ofta ont om tid. Han tycker att det är skönt att ha nära till spårvagnen.

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LOKALGATA

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Via ett naturområde i söder knyts bostäderna ihop med reservatet kring Stora och Lilla Delsjön. Vid Stora Delsjön finns en badplats med 3,3 av 5 i snittbetyg på badkartan.se. Där finns också en beachvolleyplan. Om man gillar att fiska finns möjlighet att kroka en gädda i någon av sjöarna. Den golfintresserade har inte långt till Delsjö GK.

I områdets sydöstra del ligger en herrgårdsbyggnad från 1800-talet, Stora Torp. Söder om den finns en grä-syta stor nog för brännboll eller en släktmatch i sambafotboll. Förlorarna i släktmatchen bjuder vinnar-na på Beckmans gatukök som ligger vid Delsjövägen i nordväst.

Radhusens läge ligger precis i gränslandet mellan mel-lan storstad och skogsområde. Här erbjuds vila från storstadspulsen.

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LÄNGS MEDDELSJÖVÄGEN

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3. Marksten i betong.

4. Asfalt. Lokalgatan har ett 4 meter brett asfalterat stråk. Här kan man tävla om vem som är snabbast på 100 meter inlines.

1. Platsgjuten betongplatta. Här kan man spela land-bandy, spela king, hoppa hage, åka skateboard och grinda på bänkarna som har kanter av putsad granit (se detalj).

2. Skifferplattor. Ytorna mel-lan radhusen och gången till entréerna är belagda med skifferplattor.

NISCHAT BOENDE

SiteIn eastern Gothenburg, quite close to the city centre, a great site opened up for development after the old broadcasting building was demolished. It lies beauti-fully just next to a nature reservation area, very popular for outdoor activities. All facilities are short dis-tances away, including public transport. It was real fun to develop housing where we our-selves would love to live!

ÖPPEN PLANLÖSNING

ETT UTÖKAT SKRIVBORD

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Nedan (5): Genom att sätta fönster på skrivbords-höjd utökas arbetsytan. Med utsikt åt två håll får man nästan en känsla av att vara utomhus när man sitter och jobbar. De tjocka väggarna i ett energi-effektivt hus har vi utnyttjat som en fördel. Genom hela projektet är fönstren utformade för att kunna användas till något mer än bara ljusinsläpp och vädring.

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Ovan och vänster (1 - 4): Kök och vardagsrum avskiljs genom att köksbänken viker ut i rummet. Här samlas familjen vid jul och bakar pepparkakor. Kontakten mellan de två viktigaste sällskaps-rummen bibehålls och den som lagar mat kan fortsätta att prata med sina gäster när steken ska tittas till. I den yttre, ljusa delen av köket finns det plats för ett större bord då det behövs. Från entrén ser man direkt trappan och kopplingen till övervåningen. Ett fönster vid trappans ovandel gör att ljus strilar ner mot bottenplan.

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Sektion A-A 1:100 Sektion C-C 1:100Fasad kortsida 1:100

Fasad baksida 1:100

Fasad framsida 1:100

Sektion D-D 1:100

Sektion B-B 1:100Trädgårdsida Gatusida

Fasadmaterialet är furu. Det finns i sto-ra mängder i Sverige och är billigt. Den stående panelen är behandlad med ro-slagsmahogny - en blandning av tjära, lin-olja och terpetin. Tjäran ger längre livslängd än enbart linoljebehandling. Bjälklagen markeras i fasaden med liggande, vit-laserad furu.

FURUFASAD

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Fasaden får liv genom den oregelbundna fönsterplaceringen. Alla fönster slutar på samma höjd men fem olika bröstningar används. Många fönster är placerade pre-cis intill ett hörn. Ljuset sveps på så sätt oavbrutet längs väggen. (Perspektiv 1-5)

0,4 m: Den djupa fönsternischen skapar sittyta vid t.ex. entréer. (Perspektiv 4)

0,74 m: Ett skrivbord eller köksbord kan bli lite större genom att placeras vid ett fönster.(Perspektiv 2 och 5)

0,9 m: Standardhöjd. En passar för t.ex. sof-for.(Perspektiv 3)

1,2 m: Ovanför diskbänken i röd, blå och gul lägenhet. På tillräckligt hög höjd för att undvika diskstänk men tillräckligt för att förgylla diskstunden.

1,6 m: I badrum. Frostat glas för begränsad insyn.

FÖNSTERFÖLJERFUNKTION

EN VARIERADFASADRadhus har ofta en mindre trädgård framför entrén. Vi har valt att ta bort den för att maxi-mera den större trädgården. För att ändå skapa ett privat förrum i exteriören veckas fasaden så att nischer uppkommer. På plan två kommer nischerna till nytta i form av balkonger och entréer. Indragningen av fasaden på plan tre gör det möjligt att trans-portera sig över större ytor och uppleva fler vyer.Genom sina nischer blir fasaden varierad.

HousesThe facades and expression of the houses were devel-oped together with the plans of the flats. For example the positions of the windows are a direct result of how we felt the window would best illuminate the room, and how we wanted to direct sight-lines. We also wanted as many square metres as we were allowed to, and studied the boroughs master plan in detail.

The facade facing the street is creased because we wanted niches that would create a better entrance situation, a place to put your shopping bags while you leave your car, or a place for your bicycle. This relative closeness to the street gave us more space for a generous garden behind the house.

A

A

B

B

C

C

D D

D D

D D

Plan 1 1:100

Plan 2 1:100

Plan 3 1:100

Att många olika människor kan bo i samma område är en kvalité och med Östra Torps närhet till det mesta är det möjligt. Vi har skapat lägenheter anpassade efter männi-skors varierande behov. Lägenheterna tillåts breda ut sig i nischer efter behov.

ETT NISCHATBOENDE

Lila: 4 rok, 116,9 (66,9 + 50) kvm. För tvåbarnsfamiljen. Entré på plan ett. Trädgård. Balkong.

Rosa: 2 rok, 66,9 kvm. För paret med utflytta-de vuxna barn. En bra lägenhet att starta sin andra ungdom i. Entré på plan ett. Trädgård. Paret börjar närma sig pensionen och spen-derar mer och mer tid hemma. De tillhör en generation som gärna pratar med grannarna och knyter samman huset med sin centrala roll. Hela radhuslängans extraföräldrar.

Röd: 2 rok, 66,9 kvm. För det unga, ännu barnlösa paret i 25-årsåldern som har fått råd med en större lägenhet. Entré på plan ett. Trädgård. Fönster på höjd 1200 mm vid diskhon gör livet ljusare efter maten. De festar glatt men stör förhållandevis lite i sitt läge ute vid kanten under vecko-pendlaren.

Grön: 5 rok (ett halvrum 7 och ett på 9 kvm), 123,4 (66,9+56,5) kvm. En rymlig lägenhet för familjen med två barn och ett till på gång. Entré på plan ett. Trädgård. Balkong. Större vardagsrum på nedervåningen och ett min-dre på övervåningen där barnen kan lira SuperNintendo med sina kompisar.

Gul: 6 rok (ett på 7,8 och ett på 8,9 in-räknat),126 (69,8 + 56,2) kvm. En stor och öppen lägenhet för familjen med tre barn. Entré på plan två. Takterrass. Stort allrum på våning tre dit kräftskivan kan flyttas in från terrassen om det börjar regna. Två balkonger på plan tre.

Turkos: 5 rok, 131,8 (66,9 + 64,9) kvm. För familjen som likt Grön har två barn men väntar ett tredje. Entré på plan ett samt en sekundär entré på plan två. Den sekundära entrén underlättar om familjen t.ex. vill hyra ut rummet till en student. Trädgård, balkong och fönster mot tre väderstreck.

Blå: 1,5 rok, 42 kvm. För ungkarlen, eller den hårt arbetande veckopendlaren. En mindre lägenhet men med stora kvalitéer som utsikt åt tre väderstreck. Entré på plan två. I ett av husen bor områdets trädgårdsmästare och fastighetsskötare Willy.

Orange: 4 rok, 111,2 (71,1 + 40,1) kvm. För paret med ambitioner om att skaffa barn. Entré på plan två. Takterrass. En del av all-rummet på plan tre kan bli ett halvrum om familjen skulle expandera. Barnet frågar mamman om vad som glänser på taket utanför. “Det är framtiden”, svarar mamman.

De lägenheter med entré på plan ett har 50 kvm trädgård på baksidan. Den gula och orangea lägenheten, som har entré på plan två, har tillgång till en odlingsbar tak-terrass istället. På takterrassen kan man grilla tillsammans med goda vänner, eller varför inte med grannen. Här har man en fin utsikt mot Örgryte nya kyrka.

Lägenheterna på plan ett är tillgänglighet-sanpassade och har i stort sett samma planlösning. Genomsikt från hall och kon-takt mellan kök och vardagsrum står i fokus.Entrénischerna på plan ett erbjuder ett privat förrum i den annars offentliga ytan mellan radhuslängorna. Här kan man ställa ifrån sig matkassarna, slå sig ner på en bänk och vila ett tag.

På plan två är planlösningen brett varierad.Lägenheterna ger och tar av varandra. De sticker ut åt alla möjliga håll för att skapa olika storlekar och passa flera boende-konstellationer.

TRÄDGÅRDTAKTERRASS

EN VARIERADPLAN

Alla lägenheter, förutom den minsta, är utrustade med rymliga L-formade kök. Här finns den ofta så efterfrågade väl till-tagna arbetsytan och L-formen underlättar transporterna. Köket har en nära koppling till vardagsrummet och aktiviteterna i rummen kan flätas samman.

RYMLIGA KÖKVARDAGSRUM

EXEMPEL PÅ HYRESGÄSTER

Tre lägenheter har entré på plan två. Dessa nås via trappor från den offentliga ytan utomhus. Entréerna är tänkta att kunna användas som balkonger. Plan tre består av två lägenheters övervåningar. Mellan dessa finns en takterrass.

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PlanWe did not want to create a too demographically homogenous residential area, but a mixed one. There-fore we designed flats for different needs, all in the same house. Because of regulations regarding access for disabled people, the ground floor is almost identical in five of the flats. This plan was carefully designed to be as good as possible for a person in a wheelchair. Another three apart-ments are reached by staircase, with entries on the first floor. We have placed and sized windows so that niches appear where desks and dinner tables could be extended. The main social area in a house is usually the kitchen and sitting room. These rooms are therefore placed on the ground floor, and with little separation.

Red, 2 rooms, 66.9 m 2

Young couple without chil-dren, that have recently moved together. Entrance at ground floor.

Purple, 4 rooms, 116.9 m 2

Fit for a family of four who want to live centrally. Garden and balcony.

Orange, 4 rooms, 111.2 m 2

For the small, but expand-ing family. Entrance at first floor. Roof terrace for sunny days.

Turquoise, 5 rooms, 131.8 m 2

For a family with two kids, and a third on the way. Main entrance at ground floor, and a secondary at first which makes one of the rooms perfect to rent.

Pink, 2 rooms, 66.9 m 2

For the older couple with grown kids. Ground floor entrance and garden.

Blue, 1.5 rooms, 42 m 2

For the bachelor, or weekly commuter. Small but with qualities. Entrance at first floor.

Yellow, 6 rooms, 126 m 2

Large flat for a large family. Entrance at first floor and access to roof terrace. Two balconies.

Green, 5 rooms, 123.4 m 2

Spacious for family of two or three. Garden and balcony. Double sitting rooms, perhaps one for the kids.

Flats and tenants

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I gestaltningen av huset har ett av målen varit att minimera energianvändningen. Detta genom väl-isolerat klimatskal, täta skarvar och återvinning av ventilationsluftens värme genom ett högeffektivt FTX-system. Dessutom tillförs energi via sol-celler som täcker stor del av taket. Den värme som trots allt behövs tillförs genom en värmeslinga som värmer den kalla uteluften i ventilationssystemet.Vid beräkningar av husets energibehov har vissa förenklingar gjorts. Bland annat har punktformiga köldbryggor uteslutits, tillförseln av energin från solceller följer en starkt förenklad modell och endast en av lägenheterna har analyserats.

Värdena för lägenheten ligger i regel något över passivhusklass, men långt under BBR:s krav för nybyggda hus. För att komma under gräns-värdena för passivhus skulle varmvattenuppvärmn-ing med solfångare, bättre och färre fönster, och ännu mer isolering i klimatskalet kunna användas.

Värdet på lufttätheten är enligt våra beräkningar orimligt bra, troligen har detta med förenklingar i analysen att göra.

Detalj Grund [1:10]:

Den bärande delen i grunden består av en betong-platta på mark. För att minska husets energianvändning är denna mycket välisolerad med fyra lager cellplast. Värmeförluster i anslutningen mellan yttervägg och grund reduceras med två kontinuerliga isoleringsskikt som omsluter hörnet. Detta kallas bruten köldbrygga.

Resultat

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Detalj Bjälklag [1:20]:

Bjälklaget är utformat med ett bärande system av limträbalkar. Balkarna bär mellan långsidornas ytterväggar och på så sätt behövs inga bärande in-nerväggar vilket ger en stor frihet i rumsplaceringarna. Det tjocka bjälk-laget har två fördelar. Dels är det en effektiv ljudbarriär, och dels finns det gott om plats för installationer och rördragningar. Därigenom behöver kök och badrum inte placeras i vertikal anslutning till varandra. I partier med extra stora belastningar har limträbalkarna ersatts med stålbalkar.

Uppifrån och ner [mm]: - 15 Parkett / Klinker - 12 Ljuddämpande skikt - 22 Luftspalt / Läkt - 450 Limträbalkar / Stålbalkar / Mineralull - 22 Luftspalt / Läkt - 26 Gips

Utifrån och in [mm]: - Jord / Trätrall - 100 Cellplast - Tätskikt - 20 Luftspalt / Bjälkar - 430 Mineralull / Bjälkar - Diffusionsspärr - 13 Gips

Höjd: 10,4 mInre takhöjd plan ett: 2,7 mInre takhöjd plan två: 2,2 - 2,7 mInre takhöjd plan tre: 2,7 - 3,2 mLägenheter per länga: 8Antal längor: 9Boarea per länga: 788 m 2

Total boarea: 7092 m 2

Andel area tredje plandelat på area första plan: 32 %Area solceller: 199 m2

Energianvändning

Inifrån och ned [mm]: - 15 Parkett / Klinker - Fuktspärr - 100 Betong - 400 Cellplast - 150 Makadam - Geoduk

Inifrån och ut [mm]: - 13 Gips - 95 Reglar / Mineralull - Fuktspärr - 50 Mineralull - 145 Reglar / Mineralull - 13 Mineritskiva - 100 Minerallull - 28 Luftspalt / Läkt - 22 Träpanel

Detalj Yttervägg [1:10]:

Ytterväggen har ett tvådelat bärande träregelsystem.Innerväggen består av en gipsskiva och utsidan är beklädd med stående träpanel. Innanför träpanelen finns en luftspalt som ventilerar bort fukt från konstruktionens trädelar och reglerar tryckskillanden i väggen så att regnvatten inte sugs in.

Detalj Terrasstak [1:10]:

Sadeltaket som bär takterrassen är täckt med jord på vissa delar och trätrall på andra. Denna utformning erbjuder både odlingsmöjlighet och sällskapsytor.

Kraftiga takstolar i limträ med centrumavstånd 0,6 meter bär upp taket och mellan dessa är det uppfyllt med stenull. För att ta hand om de utåtriktade krafterna hålls varje tak-stol samman med en dragen stålvajer. En luftspalt, som skapas genom att isoleringsskiktet inte är lika högt som balkarna, ventilerar bort eventuell fukt.

Detalj Trappainomhus [1:20]:

Vangstycke i vitmålat trä, trapp-steg i oljad ek, räcke i polerat rostfritt stål och handledare i vit-laserad ek. Handledaren har ett tvärsnitt format som en champ-injon som ger en skön känsla i handen.

Detalj Trappa utomhus [1:20]:

Vangstycke, trappsteg och räcke i galvaniserat stål. Handledare i oljad ek.

Jämförelsevärden passivhusklass inom parentes.Specifik energianvändning: 40,3 (30) kWh/m2årEffektbehov: 20,7 (10) W/m2

U-värde klimatskal: 0,18 W/m2KUppvärmningsperiod: oktober till maj

Dimensioner

Inomhus ligger ett parkett-golv i ek. Undantaget är hall och badrum.

Materialexempel

I hallen ligger ett skiffergolv med eluppvärmning.

Fasadbeklädnaden är stående trä-panel av behandlad furu.

Mot den stående panelen bryter liggande vitlaserad panel som markerar bjälklagen.

Takets ytskikt är i skarvsvetsad galvaniserad plåt. Största delen av takytan är beklädd med solceller.

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Bänk

En vanlig konflikt mellan ungdomar och äldre handlar om hur det är okej att använda en sittbänk. Vi löser konflikten med en bänk som kombinerar de två åskåd-ningarna. Bänken har en kant av putsad granit. På den är det lätt att grinda. Delen med trä är skön att sitta på. Glad tant och glad skejtare.

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Pär BrattJoel GustafssonJohan KarlssonByggnad och Klimat AT2

MaterialsHardwood parquet floor in all rooms except hallway and bathrooms.

In wet areas there is a slate tile floor with electrical heating.

The facade cladding is mainly vertical pine boards treated with tar and oil.

Contrasting with the dark pine, horizontal white washed boards mark each level.

The roof is clad with galvanized steel plates, welded together.

Outer wallsLoad-bearing and highly insulating walls make sure to keep the house warm with little if any energy added. Behind the outer pine cladding a shaft is ventilating the wall, sparing the load-bearing wall studs from rain damage.

System of joistsThe joists are made from glue laminated timber, with higher strength than ordinary wood. The beams span the whole length of the houses shorter side, why no load-bearing inner walls are necessary. This provides freedom in placement of room-separating walls. The system of joists is fairly thick, this gives enough room for installations, and reduces sounds across the floors. Where the highest loads are detected, the wooden joists have been replaced with steel I-beams.

Terrace roofThe gable roofs supporting the roof terraces are covered with soil at places, and wooden deck at others. This provides areas both for growing plants and sunbathing or socialization.

Sturdy roof trusses of laminated wood carry the weight of the terrace. The space between them is filled up with rock wool. To handle the horizontal forces each roof truss is held together with a steel wire. Moist is being ventilated away through an air gap created from the rock wool not reaching all the way up to the top of the beams.

BenchBenches are apart from the obvious, also popular as grinding rails for skaters. This residential area should be one with all kinds of people living side by side, and instead of forbidding skating the bench is designed to be used as both. On one side the granite body of the bench is covered with wood boards, where it is com-fortable to sit. The other side is bare, perfect for grinding.

Outdoor stairsBuilt in galvanized steel for high weather resistence. Wooden handrail for a better feeling.

FoundationThe load-bearing layer of the foundation is a concrete slab. To reach the high set ambitions on energy consumption, a considerable amount of styrofoam insu-lates it from underneath. The insulation continues unbroken around the corner in order to avoid thermal bridges.

Inside and out [mm]:- 13 Gypsum board- 95 Stud / Mineral wool - Moisture barrier- 50 Mineral wool- 145 Stud / Mineral wool- 13 Composite board- 100 Mineral wool- 28 Air gap / Lath- 22 Pine cladding

From the top [mm]:- 15 Parquet / Tiles- 12 Soundproofer- 22 Air gap / Lath- 450 Joists / - Mineral wool- 22 Air gap / Lath- 26 Gypsum board

Outside and in [mm]:- Soil / Wooden deck- 100 Styrofoam board- Waterproof film- 20 Air gap / Joists- 430 Rock wool / Joists- Diffusion barrier- 13 Gypsum board

Inside and down [mm]:- 15 Parquet / Tiles- Moisture barrier- 100 Concrete slab- 400 Styrofoam boards- 150 Crushed rocks- Geotextile

Indoor stairsLoad-bearing beams of whitewashed wood, steps of oiled oak, railing of polished steel and hand-rail in whitewashed oak. The handrail has a cross section like a mushroom for a comfortable touch.

DimensionsHouse height: Ceiling height ground floor: Ceiling height first floor: Ceiling height second floor: Apartments per house row: Number of rows: Floor area per row: Total floor area: Solar panel area per row:

Energy efficiencyOne of the main goals in this project was to design the house in a way that energy consumption was minimized. In fact our aim was to reach the stan-dard of ”Passive house”, meaning that the energy derived from the activi-ties of the tenants would suffice as heating source. For example a person is said to produce heat equivalently to 100 W, and most of the energy our appliances use will be transformed to heat.

To achieve this, many measures were taken. We realized through our calculations that controlling air flow was by far the most important factor. Ventilation is thus con-trolled mechanically, with close to completely air proof outer walls. A heat exchanger recycles up to 80 % of the heat in the outflow air, and transfers it to the inflowing fresh air. Although seldomly, additional heating is sometimes necessary. This is then added through electrically powered heating coils.

ResultsPassive house limit values in brackets

Energy consumption: 40.3 (30) kWh/m2yrEffect needs: 20.7 (10) W/m2

Mean U-value: 0.18 (-) W/m2K

10.4 m 2.7 m2.2-2.7 m2.7-3.2 m89788 m2

7092 m2

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Reflection Working in a team was a very good experience for me, architecture means a steady stream of decisions, and being able to discuss them with team members makes the process a lot easier.

I really learned much about housing and designing plan architecture in this project. I never before realised there were so many regulations on sizes and distances. I did however enjoy the challenge of squeezing rooms into a limited amount of space, and still finding spacial quali-ties and tweaks.

Having the course in building physics connected with an architectural project was great. I liked the feeling of dealing with several aspects of the design at once, trying to find synergy effects.

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Professor: kia bengtssonCourse: building and structureTeam: solo projectSite: rosenlund, gothenburg, swedenWhen: fall term 2010

Project: bridge house, year 2

AssignmentDesigning a single-span bridge over the moat of Gothenburg. Along the whole span there should be a build-ing, housing a café. The main focus of the project is to explore long span structures, and challenges con-nected to that.

ConceptA bridge that is very open to passage also when the café is closed with a path wide enough for bicycles to be able to cross without bothering pedestrians.

A structure that uses the construction height of the bridge in the shaping of its rooms, and where the load-bearing members are shown to visitors instead of being hidden. An ambition to optimize the construction.

ProcessWeekly workshops led our way through the initial stages of the process. Site, volume and materials were explored together in groups.

My idea to interconnect the bridge structure and the building led me to a truss construction with dif-ferent sized rods depending on the stress along the span. To determine the stresses in the truss I used Pointsketch, a structure analysis software.

I experimented with parametrics, and realized a facade concept with Grasshopper in Rhino. The idea was to visually follow the stresses in the truss in the openness of the facade. The distance and angle of the walls boards were steered with mathematical formulas in my first simple Grasshopper routine.

SiteThe position I chose for the bridge is right in front of one of the major land-marks of Gothenburg - ”Fiskekyrka”, which is a market hall for fresh fish. I did not want to design a too tall or too garish piece of architecture that would dominate the place.

The neighborhood has a slightly dodgy vibe at night, and by choosing care-fully where to place the bridge, new walking paths might help lightening up now dark alleyways with restau-rants or shops.

The two places where the bridge meets the quays are both interesting, the southern edge of the quay is a small place where three streets meet up, here a sight-line all the way from bustling Haga openes up. The north abutment face ”Fiskekyrkas” open-air café and a large open space.

PlanThe bridge house is divided into three parts. There is an outdoor passage way for the passer by or for when the café is closed. From this side there is a view over the moat all the way to the docks. The middle part is where the cafés facilities as well as the main sitting area is. Here one can sit down for a quick coffee on the way to the office, or buy a take-away to bring along. The third part is directed toward the beautiful ”Kungsparken”, a green park along the waterfront. This is the place for a long relaxing coffee break, perhaps with a book as company. To separate this calmer space from the livlier main café area, it is lowered slightly toward the water. In the southern part there is a terrace for sunny days.

Stress studyTo minimize material usage in the structure, I analyzed how stressed the different members of the trusses were under a feasible load combi-nation. Shear forces which are mainly handled by the angled elements decreases toward the spans centre, where these can therefore be slimmer. Normal stress caused by the bending moment on the other hand increases toward the middle where its maximum is. Close to the middle the horizintal bars are therefore thicker than at the supports. The tensed ele-ments (red in the illustrations above) are under no risk of buckling, why these are made thinner than the compressed ones (blue in the illustrations).

ConstructionThe load-bearing structure of the bridge is two parallel steel trusses, five metres apart. I chose the truss because it is a material effective way to bear large loads, given that the members are working in pure tension and compression if ideally assembled. The passage way, and the triangular part are both cantilevering out from the trusses. To be able to connect the members in joints, each rods diameter decreases toward its ends.

Reflection In the process of this project I devel-oped my skills in various tools that have since been very valuable to me. I worked in Rhinoceros for the first time, and spent a lot of effort on understanding the basics of rendering with Vray. When it comes to modelling, I discovered Grass-hopper, and how it could help me make reality of complex geometry, and quickly model what would have taken ages to do manually.

I would have liked to further develop both the construction and the house, since I never really reached the point in the process when I felt that everything clicked and fell into place.

005 Project: square / carpark, year 1Professor: magnus perssonCourse: space and geometryTeam: solo projectSite: skanstorget, gothenburg, swedenWhen: spring term 2010

Sun study of the square

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AssignmentReviving a square now only used for car parking. Planning an underground carpark with regard to traffic flow and lot sizes. Choosing type of load-bearing structure and ventilation, and making sure the fire safety is satisfying according to regulation. Designing a building on the square with a staircase down to the garage, as well as rentable spaces for coffee shops or boutiques. A focus in the project is to lead light down to the underground levels.

ConceptTo have a cost awareness when plan-ning the carpark. Meaning for example to choose a prefabricated concrete framework, and maximizing the amount of parking lots. To create a square that lives up to the great potential the site possesses.

ProcessWe had guest lecturers from dif-ferent disciplines speaking about their different fields; construc-tion, ventilation, electricity and fire engineering. We then did studies of these conditions in the projects specific case. The project was very much about getting a first glance at the many different aspects of the construction business, something I highly enjoyed.

This was the first project I did on the computer, so although the ideas were developed by hand, the presen-tation was finalized through CAD. SketchUp was one of the programs I had some experience of and hence I chose to work with that.

Adobe software; InDesign, Photoshop and Illustrator were pretty new to me, but this was when I started feeling confident working with them.

Material samples

StairwellThe feeling of the stairwell is light and trans-parency, designed to let natural light all the way down to the bottom level. The stairs are built mainly in oiled oak, with a load-bearing struc-ture of steel beams and cables.

The walls below ground level are site cast con-crete, whereas the walls above ground and the elevator shaft are glass constructions. When using the elevator, one will therefore feel like a part of the larger staircase room.

The railing consists of tempered glass panels held together by steel brackets that are supported by the stairs steps. The handrail is just like the steps made from oak.

Light distributionThe overground glass building works like a light intake for the whole stairwell. The light is made sure to be distributed further down due to a very slender stair construction and by a 20 cm wide continuous shaft between the stairway and outer wall. The walls are painted white in order to reflect light effectively.

The underground carpark gets natural light in three ways; remaining light from the stairwell, roof windows for the -1 level, and a combined light and ventilation shaft running along the carparks northern edge.

SquareThe sun conditions have had a big influence on the squares design. In the sunny northern half I placed outdoor seating and a park (5). In the shaded part I placed bicycle parking (8). The house to the east with the main stair-case to the carpark is ment to work as a barrier against traffic noise. Two emergency stair exits are placed in the west side of the square (1), the southern one next to the car exit. The carparks skylights can be seen as rectangles in the image above (9).

A large fountain (6) is placed in the middle of the square, a clear centre point with a soothing sound of running water. The paving is in two materials; setts (2) and slate (3).

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1 Nödtrapphus: Under en befintlig trappa som leder upp till stigen mot skansen finns dörren till garagets norra nödtrapphus. Schaktet till detta trapphus används också som friskluftskanal och har därför 4m² galler bredvid nödutgången. Fläkten sitter i taket på trapp-huset och servas härifrån. Där bilrampen kommer upp på torget finns garagets andra nödtrapphus.

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Markmaterial gångvägar: För att särskilja de viktigaste gångstråken på torget är dessa belagda med svarta skifferplattor. Gångvägarna blir bredare in mot centrum av torget vilken skapar en känsla av att fontänen i centrum är närmare än vad den i själva verket är.

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Markbeläggning: Som markbeläggning på större delen av torget har jag valt gatsten som blir en förlängning av de anslutande gatorna och som anknyter fint till Haga.

4 Bilvägar: Majoriteten av bilarna som idag dominerar torget kommer försvinna, men för framkomlighetens skull krävs det att bilar kan köra på torget i begrän-sad omfattning. För att markera var bilar är tillåtna samt att bilarna är sekundära och ska anpassa sig till folklivet pållar jag bilvägarna och behåller torgets markmaterial även här.

5 Park: Jag planar ut sluttingen upp mot skansen och tar bort större delen av muren som idag löper längs den västra sidan av torget. Här anläggs en lummig, grön park där det blir perfekt att ligga och njuta av solen eller äta picknick.

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6 Fontän: För att markera centum av torget och för att ha något vackert och intressant att vila ögonen på ligger en stor fontän i knutpunkten av gångvägarna. På denna kan man sitta och njuta av solen med en glass från kiosken på sin väg över torget.

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7 Passage mitt på huslängan: En passage mitt på hus-längan ger en koppling mellan gatumiljön och torget. Gluggen är riktad så att både fontänen och skansen ligger i siktlinjen. Dessutom minskar passagen det största avstånd som behövs för att förflytta sig mellan torg och gatumiljö.

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8 Cykelparkering: I den skuggiga södra delen av torget är träd planterade i stora krukor. Runt en del av träden kan man parkera sin cykel, runt andra kan man sitta på bänkar och njuta av det gröna lövverker.

9 Ljusintag garage: För att släppa in ljus till första garageplanet men också för att skapa en intressant koppling mellan markplan och garage kommer det finnas takfönster i de viktigaste gångstråken.

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Technical facts Types of parking lots [m]: MC: 2.5x1.5; Normal: 4.5*2.4; Large: 5.2x2.4; Disabled: 5.0x3.6 Number of lots: MC: 20; Normal: 435; Large: 56; Disabled: 6 Total area of garage [m²]: Level -1: 5370; Level -2: 5390

Load-bearing constuction level -1: Post-tensioned concrete with steel tendons Load-bearing construction level -2: Prefabricated hollow-core slabs

Fire safety class: Level -1: R60; Level -2: R90 Area of fresh air outlet: 3 m² per level Area of fresh air vent pipe: 4 m² Area exhaust air outlet: 2,25 m² per level

Ventilation

Fire escape plan

Construction

CarparkThe carpark consists of two slightly inclined underground floors, accessed by car through an entrance at the nearby main street, and exited on the western side of the square above.

The construction have beams spanning between the short edges of the garage, supported by pillars along the way. Also the outer walls are load-bearing. Many beam elements and slabs are identical, which lowers production cost.

In case of a fire emergency the carpark has three direct exits, which in combination with a firewall that splits the garage in two, gives suffi-ciently short evacuation distances throughout the building.

Fresh air is led down at the lowest line by the northern wall and thus the ventilation system works together with the laws of nature. The air is then led through the building parallel to the main beams. If the natural air pressure movements are not enough, turbines in the roof press the air forwards mechanically. The polluted air is led out through a chimney in an extension of the staircase shaft.

Reflection In this, my second project, I could concentrate much more on the architecture and engineering com-pared with the first, where I was just trying to sort out how one goes about a school project.

It was very stimulating to consider not only archi-tectural matters, but also about many engineering tasks. For example the fire engineering was very clean-cut problem-solving.

I did develop my skills in many different soft-wares, especially SketchUp as this was the first of our computer aided projects.

I remember being quite happy with both the process and result of this project when handing it in.

006 Project: sauna, year 1Professor: wiktor kowalskiCourse: space and manTeam: solo projectSite: sandsjön, härryda, swedenWhen: fall term 2009

AssignmentDesigning a sauna with a maximum of forty square metres in total. Besides a sauna room the house should contain a lounge and dressing rooms with a bathroom and showers. The sauna is ment to be used all year, with groups of friends renting it for a weekend or evening as target group.

ConceptI wanted to include the beautiful surroundings in the lounge area, thus making it very open with glassed walls. The sauna part is more closed. Although it was not demanded in the program, I decided it would be handy for the groups to be able to stay over night, albeit rudimentary. An ambition was to use materi-als from nearby, and to have an architectural expression that blended in well with the sur-roundings, as well as connecting aesthetically to the typical Swedish cottage.

ProcessThe presentation of the sauna was to be made completely by hand. Therefore apart from some idea sketching in SketchUp, everything was made with pen and paper. Much of the process was actually getting a grip of how drawings should look, what are the formalities of a section and a plan and so forth.

SiteThe sauna was assigned to be on the shore of Sandsjön, one of the many lakes in the area. There was about 200 metres or so of coastline along which we could choose position.

I chose to put my sauna in a position where the landscape was relatively flat, where there were a group of birches that would create a screen toward passers-by and where two existing pathways from two possible parking areas met.

HouseThe house is inspired by the Swedish log cottage. It has classic features with its chimney, gable roof and wooden facade when seen from behind. The side of the house directed toward the lake however is much more open with its gen-erous wooden deck and transparent glass facade. Here a connection with the lounge can be maintained even if part of the group would go out onto the deck. The space underneath the roof was made use of as a sleeping loft, accessible from the lounge area.

Reflection This project helped me form a notion of what architecture is, how complex a matter it is, and how much I had to learn. It was a good thing to do the project all by hand, because it gave another depth in understanding what is the foundation of CAD-software.

007 Workshops: architectural

Workshops Throughout my education we have had many workshops of different sorts. The first year most were aiming at orienting us as architects as well as develop-ing our artistic sense and skills. During this time several workshops were at least partly about learning to master the tools of design work.

Further on when architecture and engineering got more and more woven together, also the architectural workshops have had elements of structural matters in them.

Taking time to explore ideas without the result orientation that is inevi-table when working in regular project studios have been important for my development, and combining the two fields we study have been very stimulat-ing to me.

Modellering, Visualisering och KommunikationJohan Karlsson AT2

Modellering, Visualisering och KommunikationJohan Karlsson AT2

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Modellering, Visualisering och Kommunikation, HT10Johan Karlsson AT2

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PlasticineThis workshop was about designing with different tools. Without thinking about the end result as a building we created compositions of different forms in plasticine clay. Then we were to take that form and convert it into a house. This was done in ArchiCAD, as well as in a physical model. During the workshop we were taught the tools as we encountered them in the process. Building physical models might seem like something obvious, but learning how to do it properly was a good lesson.

Bridges ultimate loadThis workshop was a particularly interest-ing one, as I am intrigued by the pure force patterns of bridges.

The assignment was simple: To create as strong a bridge as possible with some given bound-ary conditions - length, material, loading points etc. Me and my team constructed a type of truss bridge resembling the catenary for a two point load. It was very successful and managed the maximum load available.

Garden shedIn Sweden there is a law that enables house owners to build a shed of maximally 15 m2 in their yard without filing for permission. Therefore these are very popular, under the name “Friggebod”. To learn ArchiCAD properly we got to design such a shed and furnish it as a little guest house.

008 Workshops: structural / programming

GrasshopperIn the course Virtual tools I have gotten to develop my skills in the parametric Rhino plug-in Grass-hopper. A very powerful modelling and sketching tool.

Throughout the course we have studied form-finding, optimiza-tion to various parameters and how to script own modules with C#.

This second part of the course was ended with a workshop with Dr. Al Fisher, Senior Analyst at Buro Happold Smart Solutions.

Magnetic attractionSeveral attractor points makes an impact on the form of patterns created in Grasshopper. Either by attracting or repelling many interesting shapes can be created. This is something very useful in different optimization routines.

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Solar absorption optimizationWith the Grasshopper plug-in Galapagos, one can optimize a defined output parameter in the Grasshopper interface. Here I have used it to optimize the shape of a surface where the hori-zontal edge curved are changeable as two input parameters. The criteria was to maximize the sun absorptive area, i.e. mini-mizing the angle to the sun, and maximizing the total area.

Structural analysisHow much more efficient is a form-found structure? The above images show an arbitrary mesh (upper), that is then being form-found with dynamic relaxation in Grass-hopper with plug-in Kangaroo (lower). The two structures are then exported via dxf to Matlab where analysed with structural mechanics. The maximum deflection in the mesh was reduced by a factor of five through the optimization.

C programmingTo be able to realize ideas, and also to sketch ideas otherwise never thought of, programming is a very useful skill. Just like with mathematics scripting logics is also, perhaps even more importantly, a highly valuable tool for problem solving of any nature.

One of the basic programming languages that other languages are built upon, or if not, has high resemblance to is C. Therefore this is a good language to learn as a versatile foundation. Being a not too abstracted language, it is also a good one for understanding the logics behind functions in other more user friendly languages like Matlab.

Above are the result of an architecture connected workshop that was the end assign-ment of an optional course that I took in C. By arranging cubes of a fixed size with mathematical algorithms I played around until I found a shape that I found appealing. Once it was found, I exported it to DXF, opened it up in Rhino and made renderings of it with Vray, as seen above.

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TriangulationIf one wants to design an organic surface, either mathematically defined or completely free-form, triangulation is a very useful method to make this possible.

The idea is to part the surface into a load-bearing system of steel or wooden members, and a material filling the gaps between these.

Since most materials are plane, curved panels will have to be cus-tom-made which is complicated and expensive. Therefore one tends to want only plane gaps to fill.

Any surface can be approximated quite well with triangles lying on, or close to the original surface. Actually with infini-tesimal triangles the system of triangles will approximate the surface exactly.

In a workshop with Chris Williams from Bath university. I and two fellow students chose to explore triangulation in the Java-based scripting tool Processing. We built a program that creates a triangulated, mathematically defined surface from a base mesh, managed with keyboard controlled parameters in real time.

This fairly crude tool I believe could be developed into something useful outside academia given development time.

CatenaryFew, if any natural phenomenon has inspired builders as much as the catenary, or the way a chain hangs under certain boundary conditions and loads. The thought of an optimal form that can span long distances with minimal material is of course exciting, also to me.

One popular way to simulate this behaviour is through “mass-spring simula-tion”, or “dynamic relaxation”. I decided to have a go at this fascinating method and have yet managed to build a 2D simulator in Matlab, although my goal is to achieve it also in 3D. With it I can simulate different load cases, support positions, stiffnesses and masses of the chain. This can be useful when creating arches, something I used in my shade laboratory project of 2011.

Simulation of the arch in MatlabOpening in Rhino

Exporting to DXF

Rendering with Vray

Bridge building contestCooperation between students from dif-ferent academic areas is encouraged at Chalmers. One manifest for this ambition is an annual bridge building contest where students in second grade from different programs join up in seven competing teams. The task is to create a bridge over a 13 metre wide pond at campus. Material is limited, and build-ing time is short. The criteria for winning is beside a functioning bridge also beauty and technical innovation.

009 Field trips: switzerland, england, italy

SwitzerlandIn October of my third year at Chalmers, we were in the middle of structural mechanics studies. There are two good reasons to go to Switzerland at this time; The breathtaking beauty of the scenery in autumn colours, and the fact that structural mechanics studies opened our eyes to better understand some of the worlds most fascinating bridges.

The main focus of the journey were these bridges, many of them concrete bridges from early 1900’s when this was still a material with lots of development potential. Bridges like Salginatobel brücke, Traversina steg, and Sunniberg brücke really amazed me. Being on a field trip the closeness to teach-ers and fellow students also gave a very good opportunity to discuss how the bridges worked constructively.

Apart from bridges we also visited some Herzog & de Meuron, Peter Zumthor and Le Corbusier works among others. I have a fas-cination with functionalism and Le Corbus-iers Villa le Lac was very inspiring.

EnglandEngland is one of the leading countries when it comes to architecture and engineering, and have several offices working with advanced geometry constructions with the world as their market.

Part of our field trip to the UK was there-fore visiting some of these offices, among them Foster and partners and Buro Happold, where a fellow student at our program was an intern at the time.

We saw some of the gems of Londons architec-ture, as well as some eminent buildings westward towards Bath and further down into Devon and Cornwall, many bridges designed of the great English engineer Brunel as well as more modern works. I was happy to find this particular part of England one of the most beautiful landscapes that I have seen in Europe.

I was very inspired with the many innovative bridges, advanced gridshells and brilliant offices that we visited.

ItalyThe first year of the Architecture and technology program, we were introduced to the very complex subject of architecture as well as the built environment in general. We were shown great examples of what could be achieved, and given role models in the industry. All of this also gave us a notion of what could be our role in the future.

In this context we went to northern Italy in May. The weather was unfortunately not as nice as Italy in May makes one think, but all the interesting architecture well compensated that minor setback!

We were shown classic architecture from the renais-sance, baroque, neo-gothical and neo-classical eras. But more interestingly also a lot of pioneering modern-istic works. Most of the ones we saw in Turin are well known to some from the film “The Italian job” from the late 60’s.

Especially impressive to me were the works of Nervi, who since then is one of the earlier mentioned role models.

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