Portfolio

ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO

ACADEMICa really cool wallsolar decathlon

urban energy flowdaylighting

architectural thesis 07

PROFESSIONALgsu environmental analysis

niit university campus designprototype housing low cost shelter

sea star concept city

Debashree PalMDesS | Harvard GSD 2012

B.Arch | School of Planning and Architecture 2007

[email protected] | [email protected]

01A REALLY COOL WALL

PHOENIX | ArizonaENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE BUILDING SKIN DESIGN

An academic project to study, design and simulate the building skin for optimum daylight and thermal comfort. The goal of the project is to provide a well day-lit space with even diffused lighting and minimum glare. The building skin should act as a moderator between the inside and outside and temperatures and should greatly reduce energy usage with pas-sive thermal, ventilation, and daylighting strategies without the use of mechanical systems.

The building typology chosen is a high school which is located in Phoenix. Phoenix has a subtropical arid climate, with extremely hot summers and warm winters. Less than 20% of the year is within the comfort zone. The building skin is broken down into two parts: light shelf(for daylight) and the skin itself(which absorbs all the solar radiation). The concept of a wind tower(cooling tower) is used to reduce the air temperatures inside the building.

Project conceived and presented in a team of 3 students.

01building skin

BENCHMARK BUILDING : TYPICAL SCHOOL BUILDING GIVEN BY THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYThe typology chosen is a high-school which shall function all day long and be mostly empty dur-ing the night hours.The benchmark building is a 2 storey E shaped building that is approximately 211,000 ft2. The courtyards created by the E shape create 6 different façade conditions to be studied. The school has a typical plan that has long corridors running with class rooms on either sides. The building is oriented east-west with the classrooms receiving light from the north and the south.

CONCEPTUAL VIEW OF THE BUILDING

DETAIL OF SKIN

Concrete is a thermally massive mate-rial that allows for design flexibility. A self-shading texture is designed to re-duce the solar heat gain from the walls. This is inspired from the ‘old man’s cac-tus’, a native plant of Phoenix, that sur-vives because of the self-shading hair on its skin.

Solar radiation decreases on textured wall

NORTH -25% EAST -70%

SOUTH -65% WEST -75%

COOLING TOWERThe daylight simulations showed that enough indirect illuminance could be achieved through the light shelves and hence reducing the solar radiation inci-dent inside was possible.The facade is a combination of alter-nate glass and cooling towers. The tow-ers are more in number on the south side as compared to the north where the facade does not get direct solar ra-diation.The towers also cut off the direct sun-light coming from low angles prevent-ing glare and providing diffused light in the space.Thermal mass is used to shift loads and buoyancy effect drives the natural ven-tilation across the rooms.

NORTHSOUTH

02building skin

During parts of the year with extreme heat, evaporative downdraft cooling towers are utilized to cool the incoming air. Outside air passes through a wetted pad that is fed by a small electric water pump. The evaporation causes a decrease in temperature, and the cooler and heavier air drops down the tower. The dropping air causes more outside air to be pulled in from the outside.

VENTILATION

VENTILATION DATA

PROJECTED ENERGY SAVING

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.0 No ventilation12 Natural Ventilation34 Night Flushing56 Evaporative Cooling789

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03building skin

02SOLAR DECATHLON

WASHINGTON DC ENERGY IN BUILDINGS: NET ZERO ENERGY HOUSE

An academic project based on the Solar Decathlon 2011 brief. The project aims to achieve a net zero energy, residential building in Washington. The design is optimised to reduce cost and increase energy saving.

Washignton being a heating dominated climate, the orientation and program had to be designed to minimise losses though envelope while maximising solar gains and daylight.

The next step was to design an efficient mechanical system with a high coefficient of performance which could be integrated with natural ventilation. The electronics used had to be chosen according to their energy performance. An array of photo-voltaic panels on the roof provides excess energy making the house energy positive.


CONCEPTThe house is oriented along an east-west axis for maximum solar control. The living room and kitchen are connected in one space located on the ground level for visual continuity and to per-mit maximum air circulation. The bedroom is located over the mechanical and laundry rooms; the stacking of program is intended to reduce the ratio of exterior envelope relative to the en-closed floor area. The lower level is also partially buried underground to gain higher insulation for the exterior walls.

The central core contains the bathroom and a wet wall that contains all the plumbing connec-tions and centralized distribution of mechanical services. An exposed polished concrete floor slab and concrete kitchen counter will provide both thermal mass and the distribution for the radiant heating.

mechanical

laundry

kitchen

living room

living room

bedroom

kitchen

bath

plumbing wall

MEZZANINE FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR 04solar decathlon

VIEW 1

VIEW 2

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LIGHTINGThe house has a shallow floor plan which allows the entire floor plate to be well lit with light from just one side. The southern facade is predominately glazed to allow solar gain in the win-ter from the low altitude sun, while a 36.5” overhang has been calculated to cut out the solar gain during the cooling season when the sun is high in the sky. Punched openings on the north facade admit cool indirect light into the interior, while the narrow east and west facades do not contain any windows since the sun can be difficult to control on those orientations.

The maximum depth of the daylit space is 1.5 times the window height of the room providing ambient lighting across the room.

MATERIALThe house is very heavily insulated. The solid walls are made of struc-tural insulated panels (SIPs) which minimize thermal bridging because of lack of framing. Our 12” [300 mm] wall provide an R-value of 6.5. This insulation will minimize the heat loss through the envelope in this heating dominated climate.

The windows are triple pane with low-e coatings. This provides a u-value of 0.786 w/ m2-k.

source: ASHRAE Journal, September 2010

Summer Sun

Winter Sun

05solar decathlon

HEATING SYSTEM

COOLING SYSTEM

A water to water ground source heat pump will be used to extract heat from the ground. This will be used to heat water for distribution in coils embedded in a concrete floor slab to provide radiant heating. This system requires less energy to heat the pre-heated water.

The cooling system is also powered by the same heat pump. The water is circulated through coils at the exterior windows. When the windows are open, incoming air can be cooled by passing over these coils. Condensate is collected by a drainage channel running under the coils. When the outside is too hot, the windows are shut and the coils cool the room via convection.

An outdoor air intake located above the central core will bring in fresh air for ventilation during both heating and cooling seasons. Since the thermal conditioning of the air will be handled sep-arately by radiant systems within the space, the volume of air required is for ventilation only, allowing the use of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System. The reduction in volume of air lower the energy used for fan power versus a forced air system. In both seasons, a heat recovery wheel will be used to precondition outdoor air to minimize ventilation losses.

VENTILATION

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Heating Cooling Lighting Appliances Entertainment

A PV array of 18 modules on the roof will be oriented to face south and tilt-ed to match the latitude of 38 degrees.The PV array will generate 5,400 kWh annually which exceeds the 3,211.71 kwh annual energy required for the house.

06solar decathlon

03URBAN ENERGY FLOW

BEIJING | ChinaLARGE SCALE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

An academic project to understand the energy implications of urban form. The ur-ban fabric can have a much larger impact on the environment than an isolated build-ing design. The goal of the project is to use various simulation tools and sustainability ideas which were broader than just building energy use.

The base case is a typical modern redevelopment proposal with several tall residen-tial and commercial blocks. The 100 hectare site is divided into several gated com-munities by the heavy traffic roads that intersect it.

The alternative proposal tried to identify sustainable objectives at various scales and tries to solve the issues through design which is more ecologically sensitive and pro-motes a better lifestyle.


THE SITEThe site is located in the outer ring of Beijing city. It was previously an industrial site and has contaminated ground conditions. The masterplan proposes a subway extension line which would have three stops, all touching the site.

The selected proposal has 21 residential towers of 16-21 storey and a few commercial blocks. An arterial road intersects the site, clearly dividing it into two. Three sides of the plot have com-mercial and retail space.

07urban energy

01 The site plan is intersected by four 15m wide streets, one of which is a boulevard. These streets are connect the entire site to the subway stations.

02 The secondary streets are all one way streets. The A streets have retail on either side and cars can be parked on them. The B streets are use only for access into the blocks.

03 The pedestrian pathway connects parts of the site to the farthest sub-way station and also the institutional hub. Parks and public squares form at the intersection of path and road.

04 Stormwater and excess rainwater from the building roof, follows the pedestrian path as a water body. This water is filtered along the green belt and this recharges the groundwater table.

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A Street

B Street

Pedestrian PathPublic Square

Water ChannelGreen Buffer

Masterplan

Green Buffer

Public Square

Schools

Residential

Retail

Institutional

08urban energy

200,000195,000190,000185,000180,000175,000170,000165,000

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

ParametersRoof R = 3.52Exterior Wall R = 1.96WWR Ratio = 20%Window Glass U = 1.78SHGC = 0.6

An illustration by Jan Gehl, shows the relationship between the height of a building and its surrounding. Several annual energy simulations were done by progressively increasing the number of floors for a standard building foot-print. This gives an idea of the difference in energy and a sweet point of 6-8 floors was settled.

The energy consumption was tested for different height to gap be-tween building ratios. This informs about effective increase in density while allowing maximum solar gains.

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Central Green

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Service Area

Open area: 13,600 sq m

Central Green: 7000 sq m

Roof Area: 10,400 sq m

Built Area: 43%

Covered Parking: ~300 cars

BLOCK DETAIL

The illustration shows 4 blocks and how they respond to each other. The 6-8 storey resi-dential blocks have a retail band on the North and South edge. The roof of these blocks are used for urban farming, rain water harvest-ing and other services. The buildings have vehicular access only from the B streets.

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Energy: 52.3 kWh/m2

Energy: 46.4 kWh/m209

urban energy

ParametersRoof R = 3.52Exterior Wall R = 1.96WWR Ratio = 60%Window Glass U = 1.78SHGC = 0.6Lighting Power Density = 9Light Control = On

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Area: 24000 sq mEnergy: 66.2kWh/m2

Area: 23400 sq m

Energy: 67.2kWh/m2

Area: 25000 sq mEnergy: 68.9kWh/m2

OFFICE DESIGN

Walkscore

Conceptual Masterplan

The walkscore of the design improves as all amenities come within walking distance of every building (100 is a full score).

10urban energy

04DAYLIGHTING IN SCHOOL

MIAMI | FloridaDESIGN FOR OPTIMUM DAYLIGHT

An academic project to analyse, simulate and design a school building to maximise the use of daylight. The goal of the project is to understand the quality and properties of daylight with the help of modelling tools(virtual and physical). Various shading devices and their changing effect with facade orientation were analysed.

The final design had to incorporate all the learning to create classrooms with uniform light quality for the given climate. The thermal effect of the shading, aesthetics and design sensitivity(for occupants) were also considered while evaluating the design.


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Daylighting Thumb Rule

First Floor‐ Daylight AutonomyDaylighting Concept

South Façade: Louvers

Andrew | Debashree

Second Floor‐ Daylight AutonomyNorth & West Façade: Vertical Fins

GSD 6332 Day‐Lighting Buildings : High School|Miami

CONCEPTThe quality of daylight in a space is de-pendent on three important factors: depth of floor plate, height of windows and solar shading devices.The design assumes the basic thumb rule of twice width to height for the size of a classroom.

The classrooms are all oriented north with no opening on the east and the west facade. The north windows provide ambient light almost throughout the year and some amount of glare during the peak summer when the schools are in recess. The north window is broken down into vertical band to provide windows at different levels for children of various age.

The north light is not enough and so south windows are designed which help in providing uni-form light throughout the space. The classrooms have been placed on a single loaded corridor so that the south facade is shaded by the overhang of the corridor without having to design a seperate shading device for it.

SOUTH FACADE NORTH FACADE

SECTION

11daylighting

HELIODON STUDYA physical model was made for a study using the heliodon. A camera took photographs of every hour throughout the year. This study was performed for a variety of shading options to under-stand the performance of each for distribution of light inside the rooms.

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GLARE ANALYSISAn annual glar analysis was run on DIVA(Evalglare) which spotted intolerable glare at 8:00am and 4:00pm from the teacher and students view respectively. This was further analyzed in the heliodon at the specific time. The problem was later corrected by a simple extension of the louvers in the south facade that cut off very low angled sun during the sunrise and sunset in winters.

Student’s View

Teacher’s View

RADIATIONMiami being a hot climate, the shading device also had to have a thermal function. Louvers de-signed on the south facade prevent the solar rays from directly hitting the wall, making it much cooler even though it is fully exposed.

5:15pm21 December

Disturbing GlareDGP 41%

Intolerable GlareDGP 46%

12daylighting

FIRST FLOOR: DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

SECOND FLOOR: DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY

VIEW 1

VIEW 2

13daylighting

05DISASTER MITIGATION CENTERfor a tsunami affected zone

TARANGAMBADI, TAMIL NADU | IndiaARCHITECTURAL THESIS 2007, B.Arch

The aim of this thesis is to explore new forms with the limitations of usage of mate-rial and low cost building technology.

The site chosen is a village affected by Tsunami and the experiments displayed on a mitigation centre. A lot had been destroyed by the Tsunami and rebuilding the lives of the people was very important. Most of the buildings were damaged because of poor form and orientation with respect to the sea.

One of the foremost concerns while designing as mitigation centre was to create a spacious and climatically responsive architecture in the minimum time frame and limited resources.

14disaster mitigation center

SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE FACADE SHOWING WIND FLOW


RADIATION AND SHADING STUDIES

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH OF PUBLIC SPACE

PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE MODEL17

disaster mitigation center

06DAYLIGHT & CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Various Cities in the Persian Gulf | Middle EastGulf Sustainable Urbanism | Harvard GSD

GSU is a cross-disciplinary study focussing on sustainable urbanism in the pre-oil period of the Gulf region. The study tries to identify and connect patterns that distin-guish one city from the other even though they are culturally similar in many ways. The current phase of the research focuses on the documentation and analysis of residential units and their environment.

The study of the climate brings forwards several indicators which translate into dif-ferent architectural elements. Daylight autonomy and visual comfort studies were undertaken for multiple units across the different cities. Daylight simulations facili-tate the mapping of the relationships between the architecture of the unit and the available natural light within the units. The daylighting analysis(coordinated with thermal and shading analysis) shows subtle differences in the spacial configuration for each city. Justified Permeability was also mapped to study the privacy and depth of the houses.

Key role : Daylighting and Shading Study, Climate Analysis, Unit Configuration Analy-sis, Justified Permeability Analysis, 3D Modelling and Documentation drawings.

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

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Horizontal - Annual Radiation: 2009 kWh/m2 South - Annual Radiation: 1040 kWh/m2

East - Annual Radiation: 834 kWh/m2 West - Annual Radiation: 1078 kWh/m2

North - Annual Radiation: 540 kWh/m2

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Manama has a hot climate with temperatures ranging from 12C to 45C. The winter months are very humid while the humidity reduces to an average of 40% during June and July. The dry heat makes ventilation and evaporative cooling good strategies for building. The wind tower is able to capture the cool strong winds entering the city from the North.

Dubai almost always has a very high humidity making it uncomfortable the entire year. The summer temperature rarely go beyond 40C and the winter temperatures drop to 12C. Wind towers can be very e�ective in increasing comfort and when compli-mented with a courtyard, can enhance air movement through the rooms. The wind tower is able to capture the cool breeze blowing from the sea.

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Dubai almost always has a very high humid-ity making it uncomfortable the entire year. The summer temperature rarely go beyond 40C and the winter temperatures drop to 12C. Wind towers can be very effective in increasing comfort and when complimented with a courtyard, can enhance air movement through the rooms. The wind tower is able to capture the cool breeze blowing from the sea.

Dubai Manama

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Fewer openings in the rooms and thick wall construction impede the ability to receive good daylight. Rooms opening directly into the courtyard have better daylight levels, however, when opening into a liwan, the levels fall drastically in relationship with the depth of the liwan. This is clearly evident in the units in Dubai where majority of the rooms open into the liwan.

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DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY : MANAMA

Units in Manama recorded better daylight performance having maintained light levels of over 200 Lux for more than half the total number of daylit hours in a year. Despite the lack of many openings on the outer facades, the rooms are able to draw in better amounts of daylight owing to the absence of liwan directly adjoining the rooms in Manama.

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07NIIT UNIVERSITY

NEEMRANA | IndiaSPACE DESIGN CONSULTANTS | New Delhi

NIIT University is a 75 acre institutional campus in Neemrana. It is a dry, deeply erod-ed barren wasteland, not used for agriculture. Building on this degraded land pro-vides an opportunity to bring the site and the neighbouring hill under a vegetative cover. Adjacent to the site is a hilly outcrop that provides a dramatic backdrop and a great natural resource.

Water is a very precious commodity and conservation of water is an underlying de-sign theme. A serpentine water channel connects the entire site and collects water in an underground tank.

Envisioned as a walking campus, a pedestrian spine running north south is central to the scheme. The pedestrian spine has been conceived as a bazaar connecting vari-ous parts of the campus and all student activities will spill into it.

Key role : Design Development, 3D Modelling, Physical modelling, Site visits, Presen-tations, Tendering & construction documentation stages

THE SITE

SITE MORPHOLOGY: OPTIMUM WIND CIRCULATION & ORIENTATION

20niit university

DENSE BUILT FORM RESULTS IN SHADED OPEN SPACESThe east-west orientation of the buildings ensures minimum frontage and re-sulting heat gain from these faces. Maximum sides exposed to north and south ensure maximum gain of daylighting from north and diffused and deflected light-ing from the south (by inserting light shelves). The buildings are closely spaced to ensure well shaded areas between buildings.

Winds blow to and fro from the Aravallis perpendicular to the site and the slivers created through the buildings optimise wind flow by creation of varied micro-climates within the site and thus, inducing wind flow through these forms and zones.

VIEW OF THE MODEL

21niit university

ACADEMIC BLOCK 1

ACADEMIC BLOCK 2

shaded open court

serpentine water channel running along the length of the site and collecting rain water at the lowest point in the site

main entrance for the academic buildings

vehicular circulation

Stack Effect induced in the courtyard

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BASEMENT PLAN

interconnected courtyards

ventilation shafts

exhaust shafts

light shelves on the south facade

cut outs for light ingress

bridge connect the blocks at second floor

Venturi Effect induced through the greens

01 Basement level- the land is naturally dipping and this allows the basement to have more breathing space - the open spill out acts as a channel for the wind to form a stacking effect, thus ventilating the site

THE ACADEMIC BLOCKS

02 Basement level: showing ducts- the inlet and exhaust shafts are a integral part of the design and have been a generative factor for the design

03 First and Second floor level- the first and second floor have cut-outs that let in natural light and brighten the corridors till the ground floor level- the first floor of the two buildings are con-nected by a bridge

04 Third floor level- the exhaust shafts have light shelves between them, which prevents direct heat gain and increases the natural light through reflection

22niit university

DENSE COURTYARDS: MULTIPLE STACK EFFECTSThe buildings are closely spaced and they shade each other in summers. This en-ables minimum heat gain from the facades and the temperatures in the court-yard remains much cooler than the surrounding areas. The cool air rises up as it gets heated due to stack effect and results in cooling of the courtyards.

INTERCONNECTED COURTYARDSThe courtyards form a continuous connection between the buildings. The con-nection is not only for pedestrians but it also induces wind movement making the outdoor spillout comfortable during the summers.

COURTYARD VIEW: ACADEMIC BLOCKS

23niit university

TUNNEL SYSTEM FOR NATURAL COOLING AND VENTILATIONThe Earth Air Tunnel System is a very efficient system for moderating the temperatures inside and outside the building. This uses air for cooling unlike other water cooled systems, hences consuming lesser water.The tunnels have created their own shade and micro climate that will make the environment cooler. Pipes of four feet in diameter have been laid 12 feet under the ground in between the buildings. The air that is pulled by the fans passes through precipitators to eliminate dust through shafts in the buildings and it eliminate the need for air conditioners. At that depth, the temperature, whether in the harshest summer or the coldest winter remains at an ambient 24 degrees. It is this air that will be pulled up by fans, and pushed through shafts in the buildings through every classroom and student’s room, eliminating the need for air con-ditioning. The cooling system is coupled with self regulating displacement ventilation in the rooms.On completion of the entire project, this shall be the largest earth air tunnel cooling system with 16km length of cooling tunnels.

DAY LIGHT SYSTEM The academic buildings are mainly day lit, and artificial lighting is used only when daylight is not available. The building section is designed to have deeper rooms on the south side and shallower on the north side. High-level win-dows with external and internal light shelves, improve the distribution of light in the deep rooms on the south side.Skylights and cut-outs above the corridor, pro-vide natural light throughout the day.

PHOTOGRAPH OF COMPLETED BLOCK

24niit university

PHOTOGRAPH OF ACADEMIC BLOCK 25niit university

08LOW COST HOUSING PROTOTYPERural Fishermen Residence

Pondicherri | IndiaCOSTFORD | Trivandrum (India)

This is a prototype housing unit designed specially for the rural fishing families living on the coast.

A large number of fishermen residences get destroyed every year because of the tides. A pyramid form is a very stable structure, that withstands wind and tidal pres-sures. The module can accomodate about 8-10 families and when replicated, can form a colony.

Key role : Research, 3D Modelling, Physical modelling and presentations

EXISTING LIVING CONDITION FOR FISHERMEN ALONG THE COAST

26prototype housing

01 When the smaller side of a rectangular wall faces the sea, the high waves crash into them but cause lesser damage as the surface is small.

02 The longer side faces more damage as it is unable to deflect the waves and it takes the full impact of the strong waves.

03 The form oriented diagonally with respect to the sea, breaks down a large tidal wave into smaller channels, thereby reducing the im-pact drastically.

04 This form also functions as a well designed funnel for inducing the flow of sea and land breeze through the site.

01 02 0304

POSSIBLE ORIENTATIONS ON THE COAST

FORM FORMATION

01 pyramidical structure is a very stable form and is ideal for the soil conditions on the beach. It cannot fall over or be blown over.

02 the floor plates rest on the pyra-midical columns and only the stair-case goes till the ground. A moderate tidal wave or an exceptionally high tide can flow under it and return, without knocking down the walls.

03 maximum housings units face the sea. There can be various plans to ac-commodate varying sizes & number of houses.

slanted columns

core

open verandah

shaded space which can be used for drying fish, nets and boat parking

stepped verandah at mul-tiple levels providing open

spaces as well as shade

27prototype housing

04 the top is left open for public use. Extra vertical supports can be added to accommodate a larger structure.

05 louvers are added along the edges to provide shading but not obstructing the wind movement

06 the final form which is well shad-ed and the stepped form ensures maximum ventilation throughout the day.

partly covered terrace

extra column support for larger structures

hand baked terracota clay louvers for shading

THE PLANS

FIRST FLOOR

SECOND FLOOR

The plans are a combination of small residential units with kitchens and attached toilets. The layout and size of a unit can vary within the given structure, as per requirement.

2 land breeze during the night

28prototype housing

2 land breeze during the night

pyramid form is the most stable form

Research has shown that a structure lifted from the ground, was least dam-aged by the Tsunami waves because they allowed easy movement to the strong water waves

capturing maximum possible sea breeze and land breeze

the lower level used for boat parking and public activities

stepped back form allows maximum exposure to windflow

1 sea breeze during the daytime

SECTION

29prototype housing

CONCEPTUAL SKETCH

09SEA STAR CITY

SPACE DESIGN CONSULTANTS | New Delhi

Sea Star City is a way of dealing with the major problems that confront humanity and human settlements. It is a self sufficient, very densely populated settlement with a huge hinterland (hinter-water actually). The sea places natural limits to the growth of the city. The pattern of development that many planners have proposed but never succeeded in creating on land happens easily on water. Urban sprawl is automati-cally taken care of and area for gathering natural resources is available in plenty.

Sea Star City deals with problems of global warming, scarcity of food, water, energy and land. It is a growing city compactly planned and made of light weight composite materials. First sector of Sea Star City will be built with UN Fund for refugees from island states that rising seas will submerge. It is proposed to be located close to the continental land mass. The other sectors of Sea Star are to be built by residents who move to the first sector. More Sea Stars will be built as sea levels rise further and submerge other islands.

Sea Star is not just a city for climate change refugees. It is the way of making sustain-able settlements that help prevent climate change.

Key role : Research, Conceptualization, Design Development, 3D Modelling, Physical Modelling and Presentations

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FORMATION OF POD PROTOTYPE

03 FORM FORMATION OF THE POD

02 REPLICATION TO CREATE A DISTRICT

01 TYPICAL LAMINAR STRUCTURE

WIND FLOW ACCESS

SEA BREEZE

A single unit structure, curved in two dimensions, gives a stable edge which allows easy movement of swirls and waves

Mirrored form has a high built den-sity with commercial on the lower floors and residences above, along with the creation of an aerodynamic form

Laminar form offers minimum ob-struction to the wind flow. The form is designed to have maximum wind flow along the longer faces of the built mass

Creation of the large community green space which also creates a natural cool-ing and funneling effect for wind.

The Pod designed as a complete self sustaining form with green spaces and efficient wind flow through the site

06 STAR PROTOTYPE BY REPLICATING PODS

05 THE COMPLETE POD

04 WIND FUNNELING THROUGH OPEN SPACE

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The central area is used for community and institutional activities. While the remaining site is used for commercial and residential development

vehicular road

main vehicular road

pedestrian spine

teritary circulation throughwaterways along the periphery

secondary circulation spinelinking to the marinas

CENTRAL COMMUNITY ZONE

CIRCULATION WITHIN THE POD

SITE MORPHOLOGY AND BUILT FORM

DETAIL OF THE FIRST POD

whisper waves

marina

recreational zone

recreational zoneaeroscraft port

agricultural zoneinward beach

secondary circulation

primary circulation

water desalination plants

fresh water tank

floating pv panel

community zone

aqua culture nets

roof top horticulture

sandy beach horti-culturezone

aeroscraft port

road primary circulation

fresh water level

roof top horticulture

32sea star citySECTION THROUGH POD

DEVELOPMENT OF THE FLOATING CITY

buoyancy tanks

pedestrian path

service floor

1 the first pod is built with material from land

2 the first pod produces the construction material for the rest (self sustaining)

3 the third pod has an encased fresh water body where rain water is harvested

5 the sea star is complete with the five pods in place

4 the fourth pod

the floating city

PELAMIS

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TECHNOLOGY AT SEA STAR CITY

FUTURE EXPANSION DERIVED FROM ALGORITHMIC PATTERNS

SEGWAY FOR PERSONAL TRANSPORT

PELAMIS: WAVE ENERGY GENERATOR

AEROSCRAFT

AQUA-CULTURE

34sea star city

conceptual aerial view

Portfolio

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