The Role of trade Union in the Copntext of Port Concessioning
Port Union Study Area - Terrest - Amazon Web Services · The Port Union Study Area is located along...
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1 Port Union Study Area Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment September, 2007 Contact: Connie Pinto Toronto Region Conservation Authority
Transcript of Port Union Study Area - Terrest - Amazon Web Services · The Port Union Study Area is located along...
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Port Union Study Area
Terrestrial Biological Inventory and Assessment
September, 2007
Contact: Connie Pinto Toronto Region Conservation Authority
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List of Contributors
• Paul Prior • Gavin Miller • Patricia Moleirinho
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Port Union Study AreaTable of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Vegetation Communities and Species..................................................................... 1 1.2 Inventory Methodology............................................................................................. 1
2.0 Results and Discussion of the Port Union Study Area................................................. 2 2.1 Site Location; Floristic and Physiographic Regions ................................................ 2 2.2 Vegetation Community Findings for Port Union Study Area ................................... 3
2.2.1 Vegetation Community Representation ............................................................ 3 2.2.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern ................................................................ 4
2.3 Flora Findings for Port Union Study Area ................................................................ 5 2.3.1 Flora Species Representation ........................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Flora Species of Concern.................................................................................. 5 2.3.3 Floristic Changes since 1997 ............................................................................ 7
2.4 Fauna Findings for Port Union Study Area .............................................................. 8 2.4.1 Fauna Species Representation ......................................................................... 8 2.4.2 Fauna Species of Concern................................................................................ 9 2.4.3 Migrating Birds on the Lakeshore ................................................................... 12
3.0 References .................................................................................................................. 14
Tables
Table 1: Schedule of the TRCA Biological Surveys at the Port Union Study Area, 2007. 2
Maps
Map 1: Port Union Study Area...........................................................................................15 Map 2: Vegetation Communities with their Associated Local Ranks ...............................16 Map 3: Locations of Flora Species of Concern.................................................................17 Map 4: Location of Fauna Species of Concern ................................................................18
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of Vegetation Communities ....................................................................19 Appendix 2: List of Flora Species......................................................................................21 Appendix 3: List of Fauna Species....................................................................................31
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1.0 Introduction
This report presents the fauna and flora inventories compiled for the Port Union Study Area. Field-collected data provides ground-level information that can be used in the design of management strategies applied at the site scale.
1.1 Vegetation Communities and Species
A key component of the ground-truthing surveys is the scoring and ranking of vegetation communities and flora and fauna species to generate L-ranks (L1-L5)(TRCA, 2005). Vegetation community scores and ranks are based on two criteria: localoccurrence and the number of geophysical requirements or factors on which they depend. Flora species are scored using four criteria: local occurrence, population trend,habitat dependence, and sensitivity to impacts associated with development. Fauna species are scored based on seven criteria: local occurrence, local population trend,continent-wide population trend, habitat dependence, sensitivity to development, area-sensitivity, and mobility restriction. With the use of this ranking system, communities or species of regional concern, ranked L1-L3, now replace the idea of rare communities or species. Rarity (local occurrence) is still considered but is now one of many criteria that make up the L-ranks, making it possible to recognize communities or species of regional concern before they have become rare.
Conservation efforts need to be exercised before a vegetation community or species becomes rare, since much of the damage is irreversible once a community or species is considered rare. In addition to the L1-L3 species, a large number of currently common or secure species at the regional level are considered of concern in the urban context. These are the species identified with a conservation rank of L4. Although L4 species are widespread and frequently occur in relatively intact urban sites, they are vulnerable to long-term declines.
1.2 Inventory Methodology
A biological inventory of the Port Union Study Area was conducted at the levels of vegetation community and species (flora and fauna) according to the TRCA data collection protocol (TRCA, 2007). Vegetation communities and flora species were surveyed concurrently. Botanical fieldwork for the site was conducted in 2007 (Table1). Vegetation community designations were based on the Ecological Land Classification (ELC) and determined to the level of vegetation type (Lee et al., 1998). Community boundaries were outlined onto printouts of 2002 digital ortho-rectified photographs (ortho-photos) to a scale of 1:2000 and then digitized in ArcView. Flora regional species of concern (species ranked L1-L3) were mapped as point data with approximate number of individuals seen.
Fauna data were collected by the TRCA in June/July, 2007. These summer surveys were concerned primarily with the mapping of breeding bird species of regional
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concern. Songbirds are surveyed in June/July in order to obtain breeding bird data and to exclude migrants. The methodology for identifying confirmed and possible breeding birds follows Cadman et al. (1987). Fauna regional and urban species of concern (species ranked L1-L4) were mapped as point data.
Table 1: Schedule of the TRCA Biological Surveys at the Port Union Study Area, 2007.
Survey Item Dates Time (hours)
Vegetation Communities & Flora Species
24 May; 1 Aug.; 5 Sep. 2007 8 hours
Breeding Songbirds 18 June and 13 July, 2007 3 hours
2.0 Results and Discussion of the Port Union Study Area
Information pertaining to the study area was collected through ground-truthing surveys. This information contains two levels of detail: vegetation community and species (floraand fauna). Section 2 provides the information collected. Sub-section 2.1 gives an overview of the site location and general information about the site. Further sub-sections will present the findings and analysis under the headings of vegetation communities, flora species, and fauna species.
2.1 Site Location; Floristic and Physiographic Regions
The Port Union Study Area is located along the shoreline of Lake Ontario, immediately to the east of the mouth of the Highland Creek, and extending east along the lakeshore as far as the Port Union Go Train station (over 1.5 km west of the mouth of the Rouge River)(Map 1). It consists entirely of the land between the railway line and the lakeshore. The study area is part of a larger lakeshore beach system stretching west to East Point Park and east to the mouth of the Rouge River. Both to the east and west much of the shoreline consists of low, sandy bluffs. Natural cover within the study area is composed of narrow strips of thicket and treed habitat. At the western tip of the study area is the mouth of Highland Creek with relatively extensive areas of forest and wetland habitat – this area is not included in the study area. The area east of the GO station toward the mouth of the Rouge was also not included in the 2007 survey, but was surveyed in 1997.
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The site straddles the boundary between the Iroquois Sand Plain and the Ajax-Whitby Clay Plain physiographic regions (Chapman & Putnam, 1984), and falls within the Carolinian floristic region, this being historically composed mostly of deciduous forest. However, prairie remnants occur at nearby East Point Park. The original soil of the site would have been a mixed till exposed along the low bluffs, with small areas of sandy beach. However, alterations first during the construction of the lakeshore railway line many decades ago and then lake-filling for park development in recent years mean that most of the site is now anthropogenic fill, with some beach features, including a natural beach at the mouth of Highland Creek and engineered gravely beaches between armoured headlands in the newly developed park area between there and the public access tunnel at Port Union.
2.2 Vegetation Community Findings for Port Union Study Area
2.2.1 Vegetation Community Representation
The Study Area supports 13 types of vegetation communities (Appendix 1; Map 2). These comprise five dynamic coastal communities (one of which is strictly anthropogenic) and eight generally anthropogenic communities in various stages of succession.
The coastal communities include three types of beach, including a natural sand beach at the mouth of Highland Creek with sea-rocket and seaside spurge (BBO1-1) and a more-or-less unvegetated sand and gravel beach toward the east end of the site (BBO1). This latter beach may disappear during periods of high lake levels. The third beach / shoreline community is a new artificial feature produced by lake fill between 2003 and 2006. It is an engineered feature extending from the access tunnel at Port Union west to the beginning of the natural beach at the mouth of Highland Creek. This Rubble Open Shoreline / Beach (BBO2-A) is composed of armoured headlands and somewhat more sheltered bays that accumulate cobble, gravel, and some sand. Before construction, much of this shoreline was a steep armoured embankment with shrubby vegetation descending directly from the railway line to the water.
A brief visit to the Port Union site on 31 March 2005 occurred when lake filling was mostly complete but before the Waterfront Trail bridge was constructed over Highland Creek. At this time, the western beach included a spit extending west across the creek estuary and a low area behind that was a coastal meadow-marsh (MAM4-A). Two events eliminated this marsh in the past two years. Firstly, the massive storm of 19 August 2005 caused heavy flooding of Highland Creek. The high stream flow blew out the estuary and eliminated the spit and some of the east bank where the meadow marsh was. Secondly, the Waterfront Trail construction involved a fill embankment that encroached onto the coastal community from the north.
At the same time, sand from the blow-out and possibly accumulating from the headland features to the east built up over the remaining vegetated area so that it is now best
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characterized as a Willow Shrub Sand Dune (SDS1-A). Thus, the original area of coastal vegetation remains, albeit altered and for now, smaller.
The non-coastal communities on site are all disturbed and anthropogenic. Two are forest types: a Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest (FOD8-1) along the western portion of the railway embankment that has some natural coastal characteristics, and a Dry-Fresh Exotic Deciduous Forest (FOD4-e) dominated by a mix of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Norway maple (Acer platanoides), white poplar (Populus alba),and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila). This, together with some White Cedar Cultural Woodland (CUW1-A1), Native Deciduous Cultural Woodland (CUW1-A3), and Exotic Cultural Woodland (CUS1-b) are all relicts of overgrown yards and gardens of houses that were formerly above the shore bluff until around the 1970s. They lie east of the Port Union pedestrian access tunnel, extending to the Port Union GO station. Although there is the abovementioned patch of Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest, most of the railway embankment is best characterized as a shrubby Native Deciduous Cultural Savannah (CUS1-A1) with some Sumac Cultural Thicket (CUT1-1). Dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum) – a highly invasive exotic plant - is prominent in all of the railway embankment communities.
Finally, the base of the railway embankment is new lake fill, providing space for parkland as well as the Waterfront Trail. This was seeded with grasses and clover and planted with patches of native trees and shrubs. The newly-planted trees and shrubs overwhelmingly died during the dry summer of 2007, so the new fill is classified as cool-season grass meadow (CUM1-b) rather than plantation. A small portion is manicured.
2.2.2 Vegetation Communities of Concern
The vegetation communities that occur in the TRCA jurisdiction are scored and given a local rank from L1 to L5. Vegetation communities with a rank of L1 to L3 are considered of regional concern in the jurisdiction.
The coastal communities at Port Union are all of regional concern due to their distributional restriction to Lake Ontario coastal environments within the TRCA jurisdiction and their dependence on dynamic coastal processes (wind and water action). This probably includes even the artificial Rubble Open Shoreline / Beach (BBO2-A) because, as it was designed, it is starting to collect sand and gravel and even some shoreline vegetation. A persistent supply of sand is required to maintain the dynamic sand beach (BBO1-1) and dune (SDS1-A). It appears that the conditions needed for the continuation of the beach and dune habitats have been retained successfully by the park development, although trail ramp construction contributed to the demise of the coastal meadow marsh community (MAM4-A). The trail construction has also increased pedestrian access to (and therefore trampling of) the coastal communities. The Mineral Open Bluff (BLO1) can occur along streams as well as coastal environments and is ranked L4.
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A small area of White Cedar Cultural Woodland (CUW1-A1) is of human origin but ranked L4 because of its affinity for cooler microclimates. There is some cedar regeneration in the vicinity of the GO station.
2.3 Flora Findings for Port Union Study Area
2.3.1 Flora Species Representation
A total of 188 naturally-occurring flora species were found at the Port Union Study Area during the 2007 field season (Appendix 2). The appendix also includes species that were found in 1997 over a larger area that included the 2007 study area and lands extending east to the mouth of the Rouge River, as well as a few records from brief visits in 2002 and 2005. Of the 188 species found in 2007, just 78 (41%) are native species. This is due to the history of disturbance and filling, and the lack of established forest and wetland. However, 6 species are of regional concern (L1-L3)(Map 3). Two L2 species and four L3 species were found. There were also eighteen species ranked L4 and hence of concern in urban areas.
The construction of the waterfront park and the August 2005 storm apparently contributed to the loss, temporary or permanent, of three species of regional concern: slender gerardia (Agalinis tenuifolia), pinesap (Monotropa hypopithys), and marsh hedge nettle (Stachys palustris)(more on this below).
2.3.2 Flora Species of Concern
As with vegetation communities, flora species are considered of regional concern in the TRCA jurisdiction if they rank L1-L3 based on their scores for four criteria: local occurrence; population trend; habitat dependence; and sensitivity to development impacts. Most of the flora species of concern are not rare plants per se, since few of them rank as provincially rare (S1-S3); however, they are of conservation concern due to their sensitivity to development and restriction to certain habitats or certain areas within the TRCA region. The flora species of concern are generally associated with specific vegetation communities; consequently, they are highly susceptible to changes in these communities. They score relatively high in habitat dependence (Appendix 2). Roughly, they are found in fewer than 7 ecosites or habitat types according to the ELC (TRCA, 2005).
All of the regional species of concern observed in 2007 are clustered in the coastal habitats near the mouth of Highland Creek although a few previously-observed ones occur elsewhere (Map 3). The sea rocket (Cakile edentula), seaside spurge (Chamaesyce polygonifolia), and bushy cinquefoil (Potentilla paradoxa) occur on the beach, while the Canada wild rye (Elymus canadensis), Oake’s evening-primrose (Oenothera oakesiana), and germander (Teucrium canadense) are found on the dune (formerly grading into a coastal meadow-marsh). It is worth noting that one or two
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plants of sea rocket and germander had colonized the newer Rubble Open Shoreline / Beach from the Highland Creek beach to the west.
The eighteen L4 species tend to be less habitat-dependent and may be associated with successional habitats. Noteworthy species at Port Union include two kinds of serviceberry (Amelanchier sanguinea appearing on the dune and A. x interior in the successional habitat), two hawthorns (Crataegus holmesiana and C. macracantha),American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), smooth wild rose (Rosa blanda), and pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica).
Most of the flora species of concern (all of the L1-L3) at this site would be negatively affected by specific sensitivity to development impacts, scoring 3 or more for this criterion (Appendix 2; Map 4). These impacts are indirect ones emanating from the surrounding land use or matrix influence. Areas that have a history of land use disturbance, including agriculture, have fewer sensitive species. Such a history is certainly characteristic of Port Union, from past shoreline residential uses to recent urban intensification and park construction with new access to the public provided.
Hydrological changes from nearby development (e.g. the park and its infrastructure) can include changes in drainage and increased stormwater. The coastal meadow marsh community (MAM4-A) has become a drier one, while Highland Creek’s extreme urban flooding results in episodes of erosion. Although most of the coastal species still survive in the current dune community, some have declined or disappeared.
Disturbance caused by development and increased recreational use also facilitates the spread of invasive species. Dog-strangling vine (Cynanchum rossicum) is the most severe invasive species on site, and a major problem across much of the eastern part of the TRCA jurisdiction. It is the dominant ground layer species in the 3 vegetation community polygons forming the railway embankment west of the pedestrian access. This species, which originated in eastern Ukraine and southern Russia has spread rapidly in the Toronto area over recent decades. It can outcompete most native plants and inhibit forest regeneration. The presence of dog-strangling vine makes the future of the smooth wild rose (Rosa blanda) and American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens)species somewhat uncertain, along with other native species in these communities. It is also very likely to invade the new meadow areas on the filled parkland at the base of the railway embankment.
Other invasives such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), lily-of-the-valley (Convallaria majalis), and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) are prominent in the formerly-residential scrub areas east of the pedestrian access tunnel. Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) occurs sporadically at the west end of the railway embankment. These species can be expected to spread rapidly with trails and use and disturbance caused maintenance or construction equipment. They would likely inhibit the future succession of these habitats to native communities and contribute to the failure of restoration plantings. Many native plants, especially when subjected to other stresses, cannot compete with invasives. For example, native tree saplings are smaller and slower-growing than a number of invasive alien species even though they themselves may be common species. Increased populations of deer are present in the nearby Rouge valley
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and other areas with light to moderate amounts of development. The deer overbrowse many native species, including native tree saplings such as white cedar (Thujaoccidentalis)(L4).
Alteration of coastal dynamic regimes can lead to the extirpation of species that require coastal environments. All the L1-L3 species such as sea rocket and seaside spurge depend upon communities dependent upon natural wind and water action, erosion and deposition. If the shoreline is hardened or eroded away, such species will disappear. Fortunately, the park was designed to maintain such coastal processes through its headland-and-embayment design and the initial impression is one of success. As for the L4 species of more generalized successional communities, they depend on a certain pattern of disturbance to maintain an open habitat. Long-term succession with canopy closure may make conditions less favourable for the hawthorn species and smooth wild rose, for example.
Increased access and use associated with an urban matrix also involves increased trampling and soil compaction. Port Union is much more accessible to a greater number of people than formerly. While the beach and dune species are physiologically tough, their habitats tend to attract a lot of pedestrian traffic and so they must be considered vulnerable to intensive levels of trampling.
In response to loss of habitat and stresses from land use changes, susceptible floraexhibits a declining population trend and may become rare or even extirpated. Because of urbanization, most native flora species in the Toronto area are suspected to be undergoing slight declines as the total land base becomes smaller. Species that are considered rare according to the local occurrence criterion are found in fewer than 7 of the 44 10x10 km grid squares that cover the TRCA jurisdiction. Most of the rare or uncommon species (10 of the L1-L4 species) found at Port Union have a naturally limited distribution (i.e. coastal) in addition to whatever other sensitivity factors they may have.
And indeed a few species seemed to have disappeared from the Port Union study area in recent years.
2.3.3 Floristic Changes since 1997
A number of flora species found in 1997 (or 2002 & 2005) were not recorded in 2007 (Appendix 2). Many of these were outside the 2007 study area and so were excluded from the more recent records. There are a few, however, that were inside the study area.
Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) occurred along the railway tracks in 1997, but the exact location was not visible through the fence erected along the railway so its presence or absence could not be verified.
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Three species that occurred in or along the edge of the Fresh-Moist Poplar Deciduous Forest (FOD8-1) at the base of the railway slope had been observed in the past but were likely eliminated by the construction of the Waterfront Trail. These were pinesap (Monotropa hypopithys) and two grasses: eared brome (Bromus latiglumis) and Canada bluejoint (Calamagrostis canadensis). They were in the lower area of the woodland that had been cut to make way for the trail. Pinesap is usually in younger coniferous forest, especially white pine plantation, but can occur in poplar stands as well. The remaining woodland is now fenced-off so there is a remote possibility that some plants still exist that were not observed in 2007. If attempts had been made to transplant these to a new location on site, they probably did not survive as none were observed.
The reduction of the coastal meadow-marsh (MAM4-A) by trail construction and the 2005 storm (including perhaps its conversion to willow shrub sand dune (SDS1-A)), may have contributed to the demise of slender gerardia (Agalinis tenuifolia), marsh hedge nettle (Stachys palustris), and Torrey’s rush (Juncus torreyi) which had previously been recorded on site. In addition, the populations of bushy cinquefoil (Potentilla paradoxa) and woolly sedge (Carex pellita) seem to have declined; just four plants of the former and 6-20 of the latter were found in 2007. This is probably due to the shrinkage of the same habitat.
On the other hand, germander (Teucrium canadense) and boneset (Eupatoriumperfoliatum) are starting to colonize one of the artificial beach embayments. There is a reasonable chance that at least some of the currently-extirpated species will re-colonize the site from other nearby coastal habitats, particularly if the dynamic beaches continue to remain intact. The main threat now is trampling from heavy public use.
It was unclear from the survey whether dog-strangling vine had caused declines since 1997 in the successional species such as smooth wild rose (Rosa blanda), although this is a reasonable inference. The railway margin where many of these species were concentrated is no longer accessible. The new meadow on fill between the Waterfront Trail and the railway embankment must be seen as at risk by invasion from the nearby dog-strangling vine.
2.4 Fauna Findings for Port Union Study Area
2.4.1 Fauna Species Representation
The TRCA fauna surveys at the Port Union Study Area in 2007 documented a total of 31 bird species, one mammal species, with one herpetofauna species reported in 2002, bringing the total number of breeding fauna species recorded by TRCA fauna surveys in the past decade to 33. In late August, 2007, there was a report of a mink feeding along the foreshore of the study area; this sighting has been included in this inventory, and therefore the total number of fauna species is 34. Refer to Appendix 3 for a list of the fauna species and their corresponding L-ranks.
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2.4.2 Fauna Species of Concern
Fauna species, like vegetation communities and flora species are considered of regional concern if they rank L1-L3 based on their scores for the seven criteria mentioned in section 1.1.4. As with flora, this is a pro-active, preventive approach, identifying where conservation efforts need to be made before a species becomes rare.
The Port Union Study Area is situated at the very edge of intense urbanization (right on the Lake Ontario shoreline) and therefore L4 fauna species (species that are considered to be of concern within the urbanized portions of the TRCA jurisdiction) are counted alongside L1 – L3 species (species of regional concern) as Species of Concern on the site.
Fauna surveys at the study area reported a total of ten L1- L4 bird species. This included one L3 species, yellow-billed cuckoo; it should be noted that 2007 was a banner year for this typically more southerly distributed species, and that it is considered somewhat unlikely that this species bred successfully at the Port Union Study Area. The nine L4 ranked species included bank swallow, blue-gray gnatcatcher, willow flycatcher and gray catbird. One L4 mammal species, eastern chipmunk, was reported as an incidental record by the TRCA botanists. In addition there was one herpetofauna of concern, northern leopard frog, reported by a TRCA staff member from the mouth of the Highland Creek, within the current study area, in 2002. This sighting was made in the early fall and refers to a foraging animal as opposed to a breeding animal; it is likely that the species is resident in the nearby Highland Creek wetlands, and that this population uses the beach habitat solely as a summer foraging opportunity. However, since the species’ home range includes a portion of the present study area, it can be said that TRCA surveys within the past decade have reported a total of eleven fauna species of regional and urban concern. Finally, the mink reported by a member of the public in the fall of 2007 is a species that is currently ranked as L3 by the TRCA. Locations of these breeding fauna species are depicted on Map 4 and Appendix 3 lists all of the fauna species reported from the study area, together with their associated ranks and scores.
Local occurrence is one of seven scoring criteria for fauna and is based on TRCA data and information from the Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC) of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR). Using local occurrence as a measure of regional rarity, any species that is reported as a probable or confirmed breeder in fewer than ten of the forty-four 10 km squares in the TRCA jurisdiction is considered regionally rare (i.e. scores 3-5 points for this criterion). At the Port Union Study Area there are five species of regional and urban concern (i.e. ranked L1 – L4) that are considered regionally rare: blue-gray gnatcatcher, northern rough-winged swallow, bank swallow, yellow-billed cuckoo and mink, all of which occur within 6 – 10 of the region’s 10km squares. One other species – orchard oriole, an L5 species – also scores as regionally rare. Both this species and the L4 ranked blue-gray gnatcatcher are typically southern species that have shown fairly dramatic population increases within the TRCA jurisdiction in recent years as their ranges expand northwards from south of the Great Lakes. As is the case
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with flora, most regionally rare fauna species have other associated factors that explain their vulnerability and need to be taken into account in conservation strategies.
Sensitivity to development is another criterion used to determine the L-rank of fauna species. A large number of impacts that result from local land use, both urban and agricultural, can affect the local fauna. These impacts - considered separately from the issue of actual habitat loss - can be divided into two distinct categories. The firstcategory involves changes that arise from local urbanization that directly affect the breeding habitat of the species in question. These changes alter the composition and structure of the vegetation communities; for example, the clearing and manicuring of the habitat (e.g. by removal of dead wood and clearance of shrub understorey). The second category of impacts involves changes that directly affect individuals of the species in question. Examples include increased predation from an increase in the local population of predator species that thrive alongside human developments (e.g. blue jays, crows, squirrels, raccoons, and house cats); parasitism (from the facilitating of brown-headed cowbird access, a species which prefers more open, edge-type habitat); competition (for nest-cavities with bird species such as house sparrows and Eurasian starlings); flushing (causing disturbance and abandonment of nest); and sensitivity to pesticides. It should also be noted that many of the negative impacts associated with urbanization can be transferred from distant urban areas by intensification of public use of any area of natural cover.
Fauna species are considered to have a high sensitivity to development if they score 3 or more points (out of a possible five) for this criterion. At the Port Union Study Area eight of the thirteen species that are ranked L1- L4 receive this score and are therefore considered sensitive to one or more of the impacts associated with development or intensification of public use. These species are currently at this site either because the matrix to the north is only recently urbanizing, with the west end adjacent to extensive natural cover associated with the mouth of Highland Creek; or because public access is relatively restricted to some of the treed areas by the fence along the railway that runs along the northern edge of the entire site.
The tendency for local urbanization to be accompanied by the clearing and tidying of woodlands and thickets in the vicinity would dramatically disrupt any species that are dependent on such scrub cover for nesting or foraging, and certainly the more sensitive species have such specific requirements (willow flycatcher, gray catbird, common yellowthroat, indigo bunting). The catbirds are mainly associated with the scrub cover at the mouth of Highland Creek, while the other species are likely protected by the aforementioned railway fence.
Several of the bird species found at the study area nest low in the ground vegetation and as such are highly susceptible both to increased predation from ground-foraging predators (house cats, raccoons) and to repeated flushing from the nest (by pedestrians, off-trail bikers and dogs) resulting in abandonment and failed breeding attempts. Such sensitive shrub-habitat bird species include the four species already mentioned together with the ground-nesting spotted sandpiper. The latter is the only open habitat fauna species recorded on the site; such species are ground-nesters and are severely affected by pedestrian or dog traffic within their habitat.
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Various studies have shown that many bird species react negatively to human intrusion (i.e. the mere presence of people) to the extent that nest-abandonment and decreased nest-attentiveness lead to reduced reproduction and survival. One example of such a study showed that abundance was 48% lower for hermit thrushes (a ground-nesting/foraging species) in intruded sites than in the control sites, a site being a one-hectare circle (Gutzwiller, 1999).
Area sensitivity is another of the seven criteria that are used to determine the local rank for fauna. Fauna species are scored for area sensitivity based on their requirement for a certain minimum size of preferred habitat. Species that require large tracts of habitat (>100 ha in total) score the maximum five points, while species that either show no minimum habitat requirement, or require < 1 ha in total, score one point. Species scoring three points or more (require 5+ ha in total) are deemed area sensitive species. Researchers have shown that for some species of birds area sensitivity is a rather fluidfactor, dependent and varying inversely with the overall percentage forest cover within the landscape surrounding the site where those species are found (Rosenburg et al., 1999).
It is important when considering area sensitivity to take into account the shape of the patch of natural cover. Since the site and the patches of natural cover within the site are either small or very narrow longitudinal patches it is hardly surprising that only one of the species reported by on the TRCA surveys – the blue-gray gnatcatcher - is considered area sensitive. Mink, an L3 species reported for the site by a member of the public in 2007, is also area sensitive but in this case the species’ area requirements are adequately catered for by long riparian corridors of more or less continuous natural cover. Certainly, such opportunities are available in the neighbouring Highland Creek and mink are capable wandering across a relatively large home range.
Species’ patch-size constraints are due to a variety of factors including foraging requirements and the need for isolation within a habitat block. In the latter case, regardless of the provision of a habitat patch of sufficient size, if that block is seriously and frequently disturbed by human intrusion such species will be liable to abandon the site. This is particularly true of ground-nesting and ground-foraging species such as spotted sandpiper, but also of species that nest low in shrub or understory habitats – indigo bunting, common yellowthroat and gray catbird.
Mobility restriction in fauna measures the physical ability or the predisposition of a species to move about within the landscape and is related to the connectivity of habitat within a landscape. One example of how fauna mobility affects species populations is the need for adults to forage for food during the nestling and fledgling stage of the breeding season. By maintaining and improving the connectivity of natural cover within the landscape (e.g. by reforestation of intervening lands) we are able to positively influence the populations of such species, improving their foraging and dispersal potential. At the Port Union Study Area there are no fauna species that have been scored as mobility restricted (3 or more points), however, the score for mobilityrestriction does not address the issue of species that habitually - and as a part of their life-cycle - move across a variety of habitat types. Such species will readily cross open
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ground but in so doing expose themselves to potentially fatal encounters with predators and vehicular traffic. This is particularly true of frog species such as northern leopard frog that are highly vagile, covering large distances as they forage away from natal or breeding ponds, and then embarking on seasonal movements between breeding ponds and winter ponds.
Species such as leopard frog have effectively been extirpated from much of the natural cover within the urbanized portions of the jurisdiction, although they are still thriving at many lakeshore sites and in the vicinity of river mouth wetlands. As long as such lakeshore populations are able to withstand the ever increasing recreational pressures of local residents and visitors alike, these populations may provide sources for recruitment for re-establishing populations further inland and up-river. There should be additional surveys conducted specifically for this species so as to ascertain the condition of the local northern leopard frog population.
Fauna species that score greater than three points under the habitat dependencecriterion are considered habitat specialists. These species exhibit a combination of very specific habitat requirements that range from the microhabitat (e.g. decaying logs, aquatic vegetation), through requirements for particular moisture conditions, vegetation structure or spatial landscape structures, to preferences for certain community series and macro-habitat types. None of the species at the Port Union Study Area score high enough in this criterion to be considered properly habitat dependent although several of the species have more minor requirements which can be satisfied in a range of different habitat types. For example, both bank swallow and belted kingfisher require a relatively stable bank, bluff or cliff in which to burrow nest chambers. Such micro-habitat needs are fully met by the cliffs at the east end of the site.
Representation is essentially the presence or absence of a species at a site. However, beyond mere representation of single species is the idea that a natural system can be considered as a healthy functioning system if there is an association of several species thriving within that system. Each habitat type supports particular species associations. As the quality of the habitat patch improves so will the representation of flora and fauna species within that habitat. In this way representative bio-diversity is an excellent measure of the health of a natural system. The absence of any truly habitat dependent species at the Port Union Study Area, indicates that the forest habitat is not functioning at a particularly high level. The only species – other than the colonial bank swallow – that is represented by more than just one territory is gray catbird, a relatively resilient L4 species.
2.4.3 Migrating Birds on the Lakeshore
Given the paucity of breeding habitat (both forest and scrub habitat) and the level of human disturbance associated with this site it is highly unlikely whether any but the most resilient of fauna species will find suitable breeding opportunities on the site. Nevertheless, Port Union study area, as a relatively undeveloped lakeshore property, is of high significance for any migrating or dispersing fauna species, particularly those
13
species that do not spend any time foraging at ground level. Maintenance of a healthy canopy of mature trees and shrubs will facilitate the movements of any species that utilize the tree canopy to move through an area. This is particularly important on the lakeshore where thousands of first-time migrants gather in the fall, searching for easy passage to the south. Many of these migrants coast along the lakeshore, feeding as they go, in search of a narrow lake crossing, or replenishing fat deposits that will sustain them in a flight across the Great Lakes. The same is true of migrating insects such as the monarch butterfly and even migrant bats that no doubt pass along this shoreline.
14
3.0 References
Cadman, M.D., P.F.J. Eagles, and F.M. Helleiner, 1987. Atlas of Breeding Birds of Ontario. Waterloo, Ontario: University of Waterloo Press.
Chapman, L.F. & D.F. Putnam, 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. 3rd
edition, Special Volume 2. Toronto: Ontario Research Foundation, Ontario Geological Survey. Pages 276-277, 292-293.
Gutzwiller, K.J., H.A. Marcum, H.B. Harvey, J.D. Roth and S.H. Anderson. 1998. “Bird tolerance to human intrusion in Wyoming montane forests.” Condor 100:519-527.
Lee, H. W.D. Bakowsky, J. Riley, J. Bowles, M. Puddister, P. Uhlig, and S. McMurray, 1998. Ecological Land Classification for Southern Ontario: firstapproximation and its application. Peterborough, Ontario: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Southcentral Science Section, Science Development and Transfer Branch.
Rosenburg, K.V., R.W. Rohrbaugh, Jr., S.E. Barker, R.S. Hames, and A.A. Dhondt, 1999. A Land Manager’s Guide to Improving Habitat for Scarlet Tanagers and other Forest-interior Birds. Ithaca, NY: The Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
TRCA, 2005. Vegetation Community and Species Ranking and Scoring Method.Toronto Region Conservation Authority.
TRCA, 2007. Terrestrial Natural Heritage Program Data Collection Methodology.Toronto Region Conservation Authority
Ap
pen
dix
1: L
ist
of
Veg
etat
ion
Co
mm
uniti
es F
oun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
area
Loca
lG
eop
hy.
Loca
lE
LCV
eget
atio
n Ty
pe
# h
aD
istr
ib.
Req
uir.
Ran
kC
od
e(*
indi
cate
s pr
esen
t as
incl
usio
n an
d/or
com
plex
onl
y)(2
002-
01)
Fore
stFO
D4-
eD
ry-F
resh
Exo
tic D
ecid
uous
For
est
50
5L+
FOD
8-1
Fres
h-M
oist
Pop
lar
Dec
iduo
us F
ores
t2
02
L5
Suc
cess
iona
lC
UT1
-1S
umac
Cul
tura
l Thi
cket
10
1L5
CU
S1-
A1
Nat
ive
Dec
iduo
us C
ultu
ral S
avan
nah
20
2L5
CU
W1-
A1
Whi
te C
edar
Cul
tura
l Woo
dlan
d3
14
L4C
UW
1-A
3N
ativ
e D
ecid
uous
Cul
tura
l Woo
dlan
d2
02
L5C
UW
1-b
Exo
tic C
ultu
ral W
oodl
and
20
2L+
Wet
land
MA
M4-
AN
elso
n's
Sco
urin
g R
ush
- Bal
tic R
ush
Coa
stal
Fen
(unt
il 20
05 o
nly)
54
9L1
Dyn
amic
(B
each
, Blu
ff, B
arre
n, P
rair
ie, S
avan
nah
)B
BO
1M
iner
al O
pen
Bea
ch /
Bar
42
6L3
BB
O1-
1S
ea R
ocke
t San
d O
pen
Bea
ch4
37
L2B
BO
2-A
Rub
ble
Ope
n S
hore
line
/ Bea
ch5?
2?7?
L2?
SD
S1-
AW
illow
Shr
ub S
and
Dun
e5
27
L2B
LO1
Min
eral
Ope
n B
luff
22
4L4
Mea
do
wC
UM
1-b
Exo
tic C
ool-s
easo
n G
rass
Old
Fie
ld M
eado
w1
01
L+
Tota
lS
core
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Sp
ecie
s fo
und
in 2
007
Cak
ile e
dent
ula
sea-
rock
et4
45
417
L2C
ham
aesy
ce p
olyg
onifo
lia (
Euph
orbi
a po
lygo
nifo
lia)
seas
ide
spur
ge5
45
418
L2El
ymus
can
aden
sis
Can
ada
wild
rye
42
53
14L3
Oen
othe
ra o
akes
iana
Oak
e's
even
ing-
prim
rose
53
53
16L3
Pot
entil
la p
arad
oxa
bush
y ci
nque
foil
43
54
16L3
Teuc
rium
can
aden
se s
sp. c
anad
ense
woo
d-sa
ge o
r ge
rman
der
43
44
15L3
Am
elan
chie
r sa
ngui
nea
var.
san
guin
earo
und-
leav
ed s
ervi
cebe
rry
42
34
13L4
Bet
ula
papy
rifer
a pa
per
or w
hite
birc
h1
42
411
L4C
alys
tegi
a se
pium
he
dge
bind
wee
d4
23
211
L4C
arex
pel
lita
(C. l
anug
inos
a; C
. fili
form
is v
ar. l
anug
inos
a)w
oolly
sed
ge4
34
213
L4C
elas
trus
scan
dens
clim
bing
or
Am
eric
an b
itter
swee
t3
23
412
L4C
rata
egus
hol
mes
iana
thin
-leav
ed o
r H
olm
es' h
awth
orn
33
53
14L4
Cra
taeg
us m
acra
cant
ha (
C. s
uccu
lent
a va
r. m
acra
cant
ha)
long
-spi
ned
haw
thor
n2
24
311
L4Eu
pato
rium
per
folia
tum
bone
set
13
43
11L4
Gal
ium
apa
rine
clea
vers
33
42
12L4
Pot
entil
la a
nser
ina
ssp.
ans
erin
asi
lver
wee
d4
24
212
L4P
runu
s pe
nsyl
vani
capi
n ch
erry
34
33
13L4
Que
rcus
mac
roca
rpa
bur
oak
14
33
11L4
Ros
a bl
anda
smoo
th w
ild r
ose
32
33
11L4
Rud
beck
ia h
irta
(R. s
erot
ina)
blac
k-ey
ed S
usan
24
43
13L4
Solid
ago
junc
eaea
rly g
olde
nrod
33
42
12L4
Thuj
a oc
cide
ntal
isw
hite
ced
ar1
41
511
L4Ty
pha
latif
olia
broa
d-le
aved
cat
tail
14
44
13L4
Am
elan
chie
r x
inte
rior
com
plex
(A
. arb
orea
x la
evis
x s
angu
inea
)hy
brid
ser
vice
berr
yL4
?A
cer
sacc
haru
m s
sp. s
acch
arum
suga
r m
apLe
13
02
6L5
Ach
illea
mill
efol
ium
ssp
. lan
ulos
umw
oolly
yar
row
12
11
8L5
Am
bros
ia a
rtem
isiif
olia
com
mon
rag
wee
d1
14
06
L5A
mbr
osia
trifi
dagi
ant r
agw
eed
41
40
9L5
Ane
mon
e ca
nade
nsis
Can
ada
anem
one
12
22
7L5
Apo
cynu
m c
anni
binu
m v
ar. c
anni
binu
mIn
dian
-hem
p do
gban
e2
23
29
L5A
scle
pias
syr
iaca
com
mon
milk
wee
d1
20
14
L5A
ster
cor
difo
lius
hear
t-lea
ved
aste
r1
10
13
L5A
ster
eric
oide
s ss
p. e
ricoi
des
(Virg
ulus
eric
oide
s)he
ath
aste
r1
12
15
L5A
ster
lanc
eola
tus
ssp.
lanc
eola
tus
pani
cled
or
tall
whi
te a
ster
12
21
6L5
Ast
er n
ovae
-ang
liae
(Virg
ulus
nov
ae-a
nglia
e)N
ew E
ngla
nd a
ster
12
21
6L5
Bid
ens
frond
osus
com
mon
or
devi
l's b
egga
rtic
ks1
14
06
L5C
ircae
a lu
tetia
na s
sp. c
anad
ensi
s (C
. qua
dris
ulca
ta)
ench
ante
r's n
ight
shad
e1
11
14
L5C
ornu
s st
olon
ifera
red
osie
r do
gwoo
d1
20
36
L5
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Des
mod
ium
can
aden
sesh
owy
tick-
tref
oil
22
13
8L5
Echi
nocy
stis
loba
taw
ild c
ucum
ber
22
11
6L5
Epilo
bium
cili
atum
ssp
. cili
atum
stic
ky w
illow
-her
b2
22
17
L5Eq
uise
tum
arv
ense
field
or
com
mon
hor
seta
il1
21
15
L5Eq
uise
tum
hye
mal
e ss
p. a
ffine
scou
ring
rush
22
12
7L5
Erig
eron
ann
uus
annu
al o
r da
isy
fleab
ane
22
01
5L5
Eupa
toriu
m m
acul
atum
ssp
. mac
ulat
umsp
otte
d Jo
e-P
ye w
eed
12
33
9L5
Frag
aria
virg
inia
naw
ild o
r co
mm
on s
traw
berr
y1
20
25
L5Fr
axin
us p
enns
ylva
nica
var
. pen
nsyl
vani
care
d as
h2
22
39
L5Fr
axin
us p
enns
ylva
nica
var
. sub
inte
gerr
ima
gree
n as
h2
22
39
L5G
eum
ale
ppic
um (
G. s
trict
um)
yello
w a
vens
23
22
9L5
Impa
tiens
cap
ensi
s (I.
bifl
ora)
oran
ge to
uch-
me-
not (
spot
ted
jew
elw
eed)
12
02
5L5
Jugl
ans
nigr
abl
ack
wal
nut
11
21
5L5
Mai
anth
emum
ste
llatu
m (
Smila
cina
ste
llata
)st
arry
fals
e S
olom
on's
sea
l2
21
38
L5M
atte
ucci
a st
ruth
iopt
eris
var
. pen
sylv
anic
aos
tric
h fe
rn1
22
27
L5M
onar
da fi
stul
osa
wild
ber
gam
ot2
22
28
L5O
enot
hera
bie
nnis
com
mon
or
hairy
eve
ning
-prim
rose
21
11
5L5
Par
then
ocis
sus
inse
rta (
P. v
itace
a)th
icke
t cre
eper
22
01
5L5
Pol
ygon
um la
path
ifoliu
m v
ar. l
apat
hifo
lium
pale
sm
artw
eed
21
40
7L5
Pop
ulus
del
toid
esco
ttonw
ood
21
41
8L5
Pop
ulus
trem
uloi
des
trem
blin
g as
pen
13
13
8L5
Pru
nus
virg
inia
na s
sp. v
irgin
iana
chok
e ch
erry
12
01
4L5
Ran
uncu
lus
scel
erat
uscu
rsed
cro
wfo
ot2
23
29
L5R
hus
rydb
ergi
i (R
. rad
ican
s ss
p. r
ydbe
rgii)
pois
on iv
y (s
hrub
form
)1
20
25
L5R
hus
typh
ina
stag
horn
sum
ach
11
22
6L5
Rib
es a
mer
ican
umw
ild b
lack
cur
rant
23
22
9L5
Rub
us id
aeus
ssp
. mel
anol
asiu
s (R
. stri
gosu
s)w
ild r
ed r
aspb
erry
11
01
3L5
Rub
us o
dora
tus
purp
le-fl
ower
ing
rasp
berr
y2
22
28
L5Sa
lix e
rioce
phal
a (S
. rig
ida;
S. c
orda
ta m
isap
plie
d)na
rrow
hea
rt-le
aved
or
Mis
sour
i will
ow1
13
16
L5So
lanu
m p
tych
anth
um (
S. n
igru
m v
ar. a
mer
ican
um)
blac
k ni
ghts
hade
31
40
8L5
Solid
ago
altis
sim
ata
ll go
lden
rod
12
00
3L5
Solid
ago
cana
dens
is v
ar. c
anad
ensi
sC
anad
a go
lden
rod
12
01
4L5
Thal
ictru
m p
ubes
cens
(T.
pol
ygam
um)
tall
mea
dow
rue
23
22
9L5
Tilia
am
eric
ana
bass
woo
d1
42
310
L5U
lmus
am
eric
ana
whi
te e
lm1
40
27
L5U
rtica
dio
ica
ssp.
gra
cilis
(U
. pro
cera
) A
mer
ican
stin
ging
net
tle2
32
29
L5Ve
rben
a ha
stat
abl
ue v
erva
in2
24
210
L5Ve
rben
a ur
ticifo
liaw
hite
ver
vain
22
22
8L5
Vitis
rip
aria
river
bank
gra
pe1
10
02
L5Xa
nthi
um s
trum
ariu
mcl
otbu
r or
coc
kleb
ur2
14
07
L5
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Abu
tilon
theo
phra
sti
velv
et-le
af+
++
+L+
Ace
r pl
atan
oide
sN
orw
ay m
aple
+
++
+L+
Aes
culu
s hi
ppoc
asta
num
hors
e-ch
estn
ut+
++
+L+
Agr
ostis
gig
ante
a (A
. sto
loni
fera
var
. maj
or; A
. alb
a)re
dtop
++
++
L+A
lliar
ia p
etio
lata
(A
. offi
cina
lis)
garli
c m
usta
rd+
++
+L+
Aln
us g
lutin
osa
blac
k or
Eur
opea
n al
der
++
++
L+A
mar
anth
us a
lbus
tum
blew
eed
++
++
L+A
mar
anth
us h
ybrid
ussl
ende
r or
sm
ooth
pig
wee
d+
++
+L+
Am
aran
thus
ret
rofle
xus
gree
n or
red
-roo
t pig
wee
d+
++
+L+
Arc
tium
min
us s
sp. m
inus
co
mm
on b
urdo
ck+
++
+L+
Arte
mis
ia b
ienn
isbi
enni
al w
orm
woo
d or
mug
wor
t+
++
+L+
Arte
mis
ia v
ulga
rism
ugw
ort o
r w
orm
woo
d+
++
+L+
Bar
bare
a vu
lgar
isw
inte
r cr
ess
or y
ello
w r
ocke
t+
++
+L+
Ber
beris
thun
berg
iJa
pane
se b
arbe
rry
++
++
L+B
etul
a pe
ndul
a (B
. ver
ruco
sa)
Eur
opea
n w
hite
or
silv
er b
irch
++
++
L+B
rass
ica
rapa
(B
. cam
pest
ris)
turn
ip+
++
+L+
Bro
mus
iner
mis
ssp
. ine
rmis
smoo
th b
rom
e gr
ass
++
++
L+B
rom
us te
ctor
umdo
wny
che
ss+
++
+L+
Cam
panu
la r
apun
culo
ides
cree
ping
bel
lflow
er+
++
+L+
Cap
sella
bur
sa-p
asto
rissh
ephe
rd's
pur
se+
++
+L+
Cen
taur
ea m
acul
osa
spot
ted
knap
wee
d+
++
+L+
Che
lidon
ium
maj
usce
land
ine
++
++
L+C
heno
podi
um a
lbum
var
. alb
umla
mb'
s qu
arte
rs+
++
+L+
Che
nopo
dium
gla
ucum
ssp
. gla
ucum
oak-
leav
ed g
oose
foot
++
++
L+C
icho
rium
inty
bus
chic
ory
++
++
L+C
irsiu
m a
rven
secr
eepi
ng (
Can
ada)
this
tle+
++
+L+
Cirs
ium
vul
gare
bull
this
tle+
++
+L+
Con
valla
ria m
ajal
islil
y-of
-the-
valle
y+
++
+L+
Cre
pis
tect
orum
narr
ow-le
aved
haw
k's
bear
d+
++
+L+
Cyc
lolo
ma
atrip
licifo
liaw
inge
d pi
gwee
d+
++
+L+
Cyn
anch
um r
ossi
cum
(C
. med
ium
; Vin
ceto
xicu
m r
ossi
cum
))do
g-st
rang
ling
vine
or
pale
sw
allo
w-w
ort
++
++
L+C
ynog
loss
um o
ffici
nale
houn
d's
tong
ue+
++
+L+
Dac
tylis
glo
mer
ata
orch
ard
gras
s+
++
+L+
Dau
cus
caro
taQ
ueen
Ann
e's
lace
or
wild
car
rot
++
++
L+D
escu
rain
ia s
ophi
afli
xwee
d or
her
b S
ophi
a+
++
+L+
Dip
lota
xis
tenu
ifolia
slen
der-
leav
ed w
all r
ocke
t+
++
+L+
Echi
noch
loa
crus
galli
barn
yard
gra
ss+
++
+L+
Echi
um v
ulga
revi
per's
bug
loss
or
blue
wee
d+
++
+L+
Elym
us r
epen
s (A
grop
yron
rep
ens;
Ely
trigi
a re
pens
)qu
ack
gras
s+
++
+L+
Epilo
bium
hirs
utum
hairy
or
Eur
opea
n w
illow
-her
b+
++
+L+
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Eruc
astru
m g
allic
umdo
g m
usta
rd+
++
+L+
Erys
imum
che
irant
hoid
esw
orm
seed
mus
tard
++
++
L+Fe
stuc
a pr
aten
sis
(F. e
latio
r va
r. p
rate
nsis
)m
eado
w fe
scue
++
++
L+Fe
stuc
a ru
bra
ssp.
rub
ra (
F. p
rolif
era)
red
fesc
ue+
++
+L+
Fors
ythi
a vi
ridis
sim
afo
rsyt
hia
++
++
L+G
eum
urb
anum
urba
n av
ens
or h
erb
Ben
nett
++
++
L+G
lech
oma
hede
race
acr
eepi
ng C
harli
e or
gro
und-
ivy
++
++
L+H
emer
ocal
lis fu
lva
oran
ge d
ay-li
ly+
++
+L+
Hes
peris
mat
rona
lisda
me'
s ro
cket
++
++
L+H
iera
cium
pilo
sello
ides
(H
. flo
rent
inum
)sm
ooth
yel
low
haw
kwee
d or
kin
g de
vil
++
++
L+La
ctuc
a se
rrio
la (
L. s
cario
la)
pric
kly
lettu
ce+
++
+L+
Leon
urus
car
diac
a ss
p. c
ardi
aca
mot
herw
ort
++
++
L+Li
naria
vul
garis
toad
flax,
but
ter-
and-
eggs
++
++
L+Lo
lium
per
enne
pere
nnia
l rye
++
++
L+Lo
nice
ra m
orro
wii
Mor
row
's h
oney
suck
le+
++
+L+
Loni
cera
x b
ella
(L.
mor
row
i x ta
taric
a)hy
brid
shr
ub o
r B
ell's
hon
eysu
ckle
++
++
L+Lo
nice
ra x
ylos
teum
Eur
opea
n fly
hon
eysu
ckle
++
++
L+Ly
copu
s eu
ropa
eus
Eur
opea
n w
ater
-hor
ehou
nd o
r bu
glew
eed
++
++
L+Ly
thru
m s
alic
aria
purp
le lo
oses
trife
++
++
L+M
alus
pum
ila (
M. d
omes
tica;
Pyr
us m
alus
)ap
ple
++
++
L+M
atric
aria
per
fora
ta (
M. m
ariti
ma;
M. i
nodo
ra)
scen
tless
cha
mom
ile+
++
+L+
Med
icag
o lu
pulin
abl
ack
med
ick
++
++
L+M
elilo
tus
alba
whi
te s
wee
t clo
ver
++
++
L+M
irabi
lis n
ycta
gine
a (O
xyba
phus
nyc
tagi
nea)
wild
four
o'c
lock
++
++
L+M
yoso
tis s
corp
ioid
estr
ue o
r E
urop
ean
forg
et-m
e-no
t+
++
+L+
Nep
eta
cata
riaca
tnip
++
++
L+P
hleu
m p
rate
nse
timot
hy g
rass
++
++
L+P
lant
ago
maj
orbr
oad-
leav
ed o
r co
mm
on p
lant
ain
++
++
L+P
oa b
ulbo
sabu
lble
t-bea
ring
blue
gra
ss+
++
+L+
Poa
com
pres
saC
anad
a or
flat
-ste
mm
ed b
lue
gras
s+
++
+L+
Poa
nem
oral
isw
ood
blue
gra
ss o
r sp
ear
gras
s+
++
+L+
Poa
pra
tens
is s
sp. p
rate
nsis
Ken
tuck
y bl
ue g
rass
++
++
L+P
olyg
onum
avi
cula
re (
P. m
onsp
elie
nse)
pros
trat
e kn
otw
eed
++
++
L+P
olyg
onum
con
volv
ulus
blac
k bi
ndw
eed
++
++
L+P
olyg
onum
cus
pida
tum
(R
eyno
utria
japo
nica
)Ja
pane
se k
notw
eed
++
++
L+P
opul
us a
lba
whi
te p
opla
r (in
clud
ing
culti
vars
)+
++
+L+
Pop
ulus
x h
eim
burg
eri (
P. a
lba
x tre
mul
oide
s)H
eim
burg
er's
pop
lar
++
++
L+P
ortu
laca
ole
race
apu
rsla
ne+
++
+L+
Pru
nus
dom
estic
aco
mm
on p
lum
++
++
L+P
ucci
nelli
a di
stan
sal
kali
or s
ea-m
eado
w g
rass
++
++
L+
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Ran
uncu
lus
acris
tall
butte
rcup
++
++
L+R
ham
nus
cath
artic
aco
mm
on o
r E
urop
ean
buck
thor
n+
++
+L+
Rib
es r
ubru
mga
rden
red
cur
rant
++
++
L+R
obin
ia p
seud
oaca
cia
blac
k lo
cust
++
++
L+R
osa
cinn
amom
eaci
nnam
on r
ose
++
++
L+R
umex
cris
pus
curly
doc
k+
++
+L+
Salix
frag
ilis
crac
k w
illow
++
++
L+Sa
pona
ria o
ffici
nalis
boun
cing
Bet
or
soap
wor
t+
++
+L+
Sile
ne p
rate
nsis
(S.
alb
a; S
. lat
ifolia
; Lyc
hnis
alb
a)ev
enin
g ly
chni
s+
++
+L+
Sina
pis
arve
nsis
(B
rass
ica
kabe
r)ch
arlo
ck+
++
+L+
Sola
num
dul
cam
ara
bitte
rsw
eet n
ight
shad
e+
++
+L+
Sonc
hus
arve
nsis
ssp
. arv
ensi
sgl
andu
lar
pere
nnia
l or
field
sow
-this
tle+
++
+L+
Sorb
us a
ucup
aria
Eur
opea
n m
ount
ain-
ash
or r
owan
++
++
L+Sy
mph
oric
arpo
s al
bus
var.
laev
igat
usw
este
rn s
now
berr
y+
++
+L+
Syrin
ga v
ulga
risco
mm
on li
lac
++
++
L+Ta
raxa
cum
offi
cina
leda
ndel
ion
++
++
L+Th
lasp
i arv
ense
penn
y-cr
ess
++
++
L+To
rilis
japo
nica
hedg
e-pa
rsle
y+
++
+L+
Trag
opog
on p
rate
nsis
ssp
. pra
tens
ism
eado
w g
oat's
bea
rd+
++
+L+
Trifo
lium
aur
eum
(T.
agr
ariu
m)
hop-
clov
er+
++
+L+
Trifo
lium
pra
tens
ere
d cl
over
++
++
L+Tr
ifoliu
m r
epen
sw
hite
clo
ver
++
++
L+Tu
ssila
go fa
rfara
colts
foot
++
++
L+U
lmus
pum
ilaS
iber
ian
elm
++
++
L+Ve
rbas
cum
thap
sus
com
mon
mul
lein
++
++
L+Vi
burn
um o
pulu
sgu
elde
r-ro
se/E
u hi
ghbu
sh c
ranb
erry
++
++
L+A
cer
negu
ndo
Man
itoba
map
le+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?C
yper
us e
scul
entu
sye
llow
nut
-sed
ge o
r ch
ufa
+?
+?
+?
+?
L+?
Pha
laris
aru
ndin
acea
reed
can
ary
gras
s+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?P
hrag
mite
s au
stra
lis (
P. c
omm
unis
)co
mm
on, g
iant
, or
grea
t ree
d+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?P
icea
gla
uca
whi
te s
pruc
e3
54
315
pL3
Spira
ea a
lba
mea
dow
swee
t or
wild
spi
raea
34
43
14pL
3A
cer
sacc
harin
umsi
lver
map
le2
24
311
pL4
Am
elan
chie
r la
evis
smoo
th s
ervi
cebe
rry
32
43
12pL
4C
ornu
s fo
emin
a ss
p. r
acem
osa
(C. r
acem
osa)
grey
dog
woo
d5
24
213
pL4
Pin
us s
trobu
sw
hite
pin
e1
43
412
pL4
Salix
beb
bian
abe
aked
or
Beb
b's
will
ow1
44
413
pL4
Juni
peru
s vi
rgin
iana
red
ceda
r4
14
110
pL5
Vibu
rnum
lent
ago
nann
yber
ry2
31
28
pL5
Pic
ea a
bies
Nor
way
spr
uce
++
++
pL+
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Salix
cap
rea
goat
or
Eur
opea
n pu
ssy
will
ow+
++
+pL
+Ta
xus
cusp
idat
aJa
pane
se y
ew+
++
+pL
+Tu
lipa
culti
vars
gard
en tu
lip+
++
+pL
+
Sp
ecie
s fo
und
in 1
997
and
/or
2002
, 200
5 b
ut n
ot
in 2
007
Aga
linis
tenu
ifolia
slen
der
gera
rdia
44
54
17L2
Mon
otro
pa h
ypop
ithys
pine
sap
34
55
17L2
Shep
herd
ia c
anad
ensi
sbu
ffalo
-ber
ry o
r so
ap-b
erry
44
54
17L2
Sym
phor
icar
pos
albu
s va
r. a
lbus
snow
berr
y (lo
w o
r na
tive)
44
45
17L2
Aln
us in
cana
ssp
. rug
osa
(A. r
ugos
a)sp
eckl
ed o
r ta
g al
der
34
45
16L3
And
ropo
gon
gera
rdii
big
blue
stem
42
44
14L3
Bro
mus
cili
atus
(B
. can
aden
sis)
fring
ed b
rom
e gr
ass
34
45
16L3
Cor
nus
rugo
saro
und-
leav
ed d
ogw
ood
34
43
14L3
Salix
luci
dash
inin
g w
illow
24
53
14L3
Spar
gani
um e
uryc
arpu
mgi
ant o
r gr
eat b
ur-r
eed
34
54
16L3
Stac
hys
palu
stris
mar
sh h
edge
-net
tle4
34
314
L3Vi
burn
um a
cerif
oliu
mm
aple
-leav
ed v
ibur
num
23
45
14L3
Ace
r ru
brum
red
map
le2
42
513
L4A
pocy
num
and
rosa
emifo
lium
spre
adin
g do
gban
e2
33
311
L4B
rom
us la
tiglu
mis
eare
d or
tall
brom
e2
25
211
L4C
alam
agro
stis
can
aden
sis
Can
ada
blue
join
t2
24
311
L4C
arex
dew
eyan
aD
ewey
's s
edge
24
33
12L4
Car
ex p
ensy
lvan
ica
Pen
nsyl
vani
a se
dge
24
34
13L4
Car
ex p
seud
o-cy
peru
sps
eudo
cype
rus
sedg
e1
33
411
L4C
arpi
nus
caro
linia
na s
sp. v
irgin
iana
blue
bee
ch o
r A
mer
ican
hor
nbea
m2
34
211
L4C
oryl
us c
ornu
ta (
C. r
ostra
ta)
beak
ed h
azel
24
34
13L4
Die
rvill
a lo
nice
rabu
sh h
oney
suck
le2
32
411
L4Fa
gus
gran
difo
liaA
mer
ican
bee
ch1
43
412
L4G
eran
ium
mac
ulat
umw
ild g
eran
ium
or
spot
ted
cran
esbi
ll2
34
312
L4Ju
ncus
torr
eyi
Torr
ey's
rus
hL4
Pod
ophy
llum
pel
tatu
mM
ay-a
pple
23
33
11L4
Pop
ulus
gra
ndid
enta
tala
rge-
toot
hed
aspe
n2
34
312
L4P
terid
ium
aqu
ilinu
m v
ar. l
atiu
scul
umea
ster
n br
acke
n2
42
412
L4Sa
lix a
myg
dalo
ides
peac
h-le
aved
will
ow2
25
312
L4A
ctae
a ru
bra
red
bane
berr
y2
32
310
L5A
nem
one
virg
inia
naco
mm
on th
imbl
ewee
d2
30
38
L5A
ralia
nud
icau
lisw
ild s
arsa
paril
la2
32
310
L5A
ster
late
riflo
rus
calic
o or
one
-sid
ed a
ster
12
32
8L5
Ast
er m
acro
phyl
lus
big-
leav
ed a
ster
13
23
9L5
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Bid
ens
cern
uus
nodd
ing
bur-
mar
igol
d2
23
310
L5C
arex
beb
bii
Beb
b's
sedg
e1
24
310
L5C
arex
bla
nda
(C. l
axifl
ora
var.
bla
nda)
com
mon
woo
d se
dge
22
02
6L5
Car
ex r
osea
(fo
rmer
ly C
. con
volu
ta)
curly
-sty
led
sedg
e2
23
29
L5C
arex
vul
pino
idea
fox
sedg
e1
24
18
L5C
lem
atis
virg
inia
navi
rgin
's b
ower
22
13
8L5
Clin
opod
ium
vul
gare
(Sa
ture
ja v
ulga
ris)
dogm
int o
r w
ild b
asil
23
12
8L5
Con
yza
cana
dens
is (
Erig
eron
can
aden
sis)
hors
e-w
eed
11
20
4L5
Dry
opte
ris c
arth
usia
na (
D. s
pinu
losa
)sp
inul
ose
woo
d fe
rn1
32
28
L5El
ymus
virg
inic
us v
ar. v
irgin
icus
Virg
inia
wild
rye
22
32
9L5
Erig
eron
stri
gosu
s (E
. ann
uus
ssp.
stri
gosu
s)ro
ugh
fleab
ane
22
11
6L5
Eupa
toriu
m r
ugos
umw
hite
sna
kero
ot2
22
17
L5Eu
tham
ia g
ram
inifo
lia (
Solid
ago
gram
inifo
lia)
gras
s- o
r na
rrow
-leav
ed g
olde
nrod
11
41
7L5
Frax
inus
am
eric
ana
whi
te a
sh1
20
36
L5H
acke
lia v
irgin
iana
Virg
inia
stic
ksee
d4
20
28
L5Ju
ncus
dud
leyi
Dud
ley'
s ru
sh2
23
18
L5Ju
ncus
tenu
ispa
th r
ush
22
11
6L5
Mai
anth
emum
rac
emos
um s
sp. r
acem
osum
(Sm
ilaci
na r
acem
osa)
fals
e S
olom
on's
sea
l2
32
310
L5M
uhle
nber
gia
mex
ican
a va
r. m
exic
ana
com
mon
muh
ly g
rass
22
01
5L5
Ono
clea
sen
sibi
lisse
nsiti
ve fe
rn2
31
39
L5O
stry
a vi
rgin
iana
ironw
ood
13
22
8L5
Pan
icum
cap
illar
epa
nic
or w
itch
gras
s2
14
18
L5P
arth
enoc
issu
s qu
inqu
efol
iaV
irgin
ia c
reep
er3
14
19
L5P
opul
us b
alsa
mife
ra s
sp. b
alsa
mife
raba
lsam
pop
lar
12
32
8L5
Pre
nant
hes
altis
sim
ata
ll w
ood
lettu
ce2
32
29
L5Sa
lix e
xigu
a (S
. int
erio
r)sa
ndba
r w
illow
21
52
10L5
Sam
bucu
s ca
nade
nsis
com
mon
eld
erbe
rry
23
22
9L5
Sam
bucu
s ra
cem
osa
ssp.
pub
ens
(S. p
uben
s)re
d-be
rrie
d el
der
13
22
8L5
Scirp
us a
trovi
rens
blac
k-fru
ited
or d
ark
gree
n bu
lrush
22
42
10L5
Solid
ago
caes
iabl
ue-s
tem
med
gol
denr
od1
24
29
L5So
lidag
o fle
xica
ulis
zig-
zag
gold
enro
d1
13
27
L5So
lidag
o gi
gant
eala
te g
olde
nrod
21
11
5L5
Solid
ago
nem
oral
is s
sp. n
emor
alis
grey
gol
denr
od2
22
28
L5Th
alic
trum
dio
icum
early
mea
dow
rue
13
32
9L5
Viol
a so
roria
com
mon
blu
e vi
olet
12
02
5L5
Asp
arag
us o
ffici
nalis
aspa
ragu
s+
++
+L+
Car
agan
a ar
bore
scen
sS
iber
ian
pea-
shru
b+
++
+L+
Car
duus
cf. a
cant
hoid
espl
umel
ess
this
tle+
++
+L+
Cer
astiu
m to
men
tosu
msn
ow-o
n-th
e-m
ount
ain
or s
now
-in-s
umm
er+
++
+L+
Chr
ysan
them
um le
ucan
them
umox
-eye
dai
sy+
++
+L+
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Con
volv
ulus
arv
ensi
sfie
ld b
indw
eed
++
++
L+C
oron
illa
varia
crow
n ve
tch
++
++
L+Ep
ilobi
um p
arvi
floru
msm
all-f
low
ered
will
ow-h
erb
++
++
L+Ep
ipac
tis h
elle
borin
ehe
llebo
rine
++
++
L+Eu
phor
bia
dent
ata
toot
hed
spur
ge+
++
+L+
Hyp
eric
um p
erfo
ratu
mco
mm
on S
t. Jo
hnsw
ort
++
++
L+Iri
s ge
rman
ica
gard
en ir
is+
++
+L+
Koc
hia
scop
aria
sum
mer
-cyp
ress
++
++
L+Lo
nice
ra ta
taric
aTa
rtar
ian
hone
ysuc
kle
++
++
L+M
isca
nthu
s sa
ccha
riflo
rus
eula
lia o
r A
mur
silv
er g
rass
++
++
L+P
inus
syl
vest
risS
cots
pin
e+
++
+L+
Pol
ygon
um p
ersi
caria
lady
's th
umb
++
++
L+P
oten
tilla
rec
taro
ugh-
fruite
d or
sul
phur
cin
quef
oil
++
++
L+P
yrus
com
mun
ispe
ar+
++
+L+
Ros
a m
ultif
lora
mul
tiflo
ra o
r Ja
pane
se r
ose
++
++
L+R
osa
rugo
saw
rinkl
ed o
r se
asid
e ro
se+
++
+L+
Rud
beck
ia tr
iloba
brow
n-ey
ed S
usan
or
thin
-leav
ed c
onef
low
er+
++
+L+
Salix
alb
a va
r. a
lba
whi
te w
illow
++
++
L+Sa
lix p
urpu
rea
purp
le o
sier
or
bask
et w
illow
++
++
L+Sa
lix x
rub
ens
(S. a
lba
x fra
gilis
)E
urop
ean
tree
will
ow+
++
+L+
Sedu
m a
cre
mos
sy s
tone
crop
++
++
L+Se
neci
o vi
scos
usst
icky
or
stin
king
gro
unds
el+
++
+L+
Seta
ria v
iridi
sgr
een
foxt
ail
++
++
L+Si
lene
vul
garis
(S.
cuc
ubal
us; S
. lat
ifolia
)bl
adde
r ca
mpi
on+
++
+L+
Sonc
hus
aspe
r ss
p. a
sper
spin
y so
w-th
istle
++
++
L+So
nchu
s ol
erac
eus
com
mon
or
annu
al s
ow-th
istle
++
++
L+Sp
iraea
x v
anho
utte
i (S.
can
toni
ensi
s x
trilo
bata
)br
idal
wre
ath
spira
ea+
++
+L+
Trag
opog
on d
ubiu
sle
mon
-yel
low
goa
t's b
eard
++
++
L+Ty
pha
angu
stifo
liana
rrow
-leav
ed c
atta
il+
++
+L+
Vibu
rnum
lant
ana
way
farin
g tr
ee+
++
+L+
Vici
a cr
acca
cow
, tuf
ted,
or
bird
vet
ch+
++
+L+
Agr
ostis
sto
loni
fera
(A
. alb
a va
r. p
alus
tris)
cree
ping
ben
t gra
ss+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?A
tripl
ex p
atul
a (A
. pat
ula
var.
has
tata
)ha
lber
d-le
aved
ora
che
or s
pear
scal
e+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?C
ham
aesy
cecf
. mac
ulat
a (E
upho
rbia
mac
ulat
a; E
sup
ina)
spot
ted
spur
ge+
?+
?+
?+
?L+
?G
eran
ium
rob
ertia
num
herb
Rob
ert
+?
+?
+?
+?
L+?
Oxa
lis s
trict
a (O
. eur
opae
a; O
. fon
tana
)co
mm
on o
r up
right
yel
low
woo
d-so
rrel
+?
+?
+?
+?
L+?
Pru
nella
vul
garis
heal
-all
++
++
L+?
Pru
nus
pum
ila v
ar. p
umila
sand
che
rry
pL2?
Phy
soca
rpus
opu
lifol
ius
nine
bark
52
54
16pL
3C
eltis
occ
iden
talis
hack
berr
y+
++
+pL
+
Ap
pen
dix
2: L
ist
of
Flo
ra S
pec
ies
Foun
d in
Po
rt U
nio
n S
tud
y A
rea
in 2
007
all y
ears
her
e; G
IS r
ead
y 06
09
2007
"cf."
in th
e sp
ecie
s na
me
indi
cate
s th
e sp
ecie
s fo
und
was
mos
t lik
ely
nam
ed c
orre
ctly
but
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
nfirm
ed"p
L…" i
n th
e ra
nk c
olum
n in
dica
tes
that
the
spec
ies
was
onl
y fo
und
pLan
ted
and
not r
egen
erat
ing
Loca
lP
op
ulat
ion
Hab
itat
Sen
sitiv
ity t
oTo
tal
Ran
kS
cien
tific
nam
eC
om
mo
n N
ame
Occ
urre
nce
Tren
dD
epen
den
ceD
evel
op
men
tS
core
TRC
A1-
51-
50-
50-
52-
20A
pr.
2003
Juni
peru
s x
med
ia (
J. c
hine
nsis
x s
abin
a; J
. x p
fitze
riana
)pf
itzer
or
orna
men
tal j
unip
er+
++
+pL
+P
icea
pun
gens
Col
orad
o sp
ruce
++
++
pL+
Pop
ulus
x c
anad
ensi
s (P
. del
toid
es x
nig
ra)
Car
olin
a po
plar
++
++
pL+
Salix
x s
epul
cral
is (
S. a
lba
var.
vite
llina
x b
abyl
onic
a)w
eepi
ng w
illow
++
++
pL+
App
endi
x 3:
Lis
t of B
reed
ing
Faun
a S
peci
es F
ound
in P
ort U
nion
Stu
dy A
rea
in 2
007.
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
CO
DE
Sci
entif
ic N
ame
terr
itorie
sLO
PTn
PTt
HD
AS
MR
STD
+TS
L-ra
nkco
mm
ents
Sur
vey
Sp
ecie
s:sp
ecie
s fo
r w
hic
h t
he
TRC
A p
roto
col e
ffec
tivel
y su
rvey
s.
Bir
ds
yello
w-b
illed
cuc
koo
YB
CU
Coc
cyzu
s am
eric
anus
13
32
22
23
017
L3ba
nk s
wal
low
BA
NS
Rip
aria
rip
aria
13
22
21
12
013
L4be
lted
king
fishe
rB
EK
IC
eryl
e al
cyon
10
32
22
22
013
L4bl
ue-g
rey
gnat
catc
her
BG
GN
Pol
iopt
ila c
aeru
lea
13
10
13
22
012
L4co
mm
on y
ello
wth
roat
CO
YE
Geo
thly
pis
trich
as1
02
22
12
40
13L4
gray
cat
bird
GR
CA
Dum
etel
la c
arol
inen
sis
30
31
11
23
011
L4in
digo
bun
ting
INB
UP
asse
rina
cyan
ea1
02
22
11
30
12L4
nort
hern
rou
gh-w
inge
d sw
allo
wN
RW
SSt
elgi
dopt
eryx
ser
ripen
nis
13
23
21
11
013
L4sp
otte
d sa
ndpi
per
SP
SA
Act
itis
mac
ular
ius
11
23
21
14
014
L4w
illow
flyc
atch
erW
IFL
Empi
dona
x tra
illi i
10
42
11
23
013
L4A
mer
ican
gol
dfin
chA
MG
OC
ardu
elis
tris
tisno
t map
ped
02
20
11
10
7L5
Am
eric
an r
obin
AM
RO
Turd
us m
igra
toriu
sno
t map
ped
01
20
11
10
6L5
Bal
timor
e or
iole
BA
OR
Icte
rus
galb
ula
not m
appe
d0
22
01
11
07
L5ba
rn s
wal
low
BA
RS
Hiru
ndo
rust
ica
not m
appe
d0
22
21
11
09
L5br
own-
head
ed c
owbi
rdB
HC
OM
olot
hrus
ate
rno
t map
ped
02
20
11
10
7L5
Can
ada
goos
eC
AN
GB
rant
a ca
nade
nsis
not m
appe
d0
10
11
10
04
L5ce
dar
wax
win
gC
ED
WB
omby
cilla
ced
roru
mno
t map
ped
01
20
11
20
7L5
com
mon
gra
ckle
CO
GR
Qui
scal
us q
uisc
ula
not m
appe
d0
32
01
11
08
L5do
wny
woo
dpec
ker
DO
WO
Pic
oide
s pu
besc
ens
not m
appe
d0
21
11
21
08
L5ea
ster
n ki
ngbi
rdE
AK
ITy
rann
us ty
rann
us1
02
21
21
10
9L5
hous
e fin
chH
OFI
Car
poda
cus
mex
ican
usno
t map
ped
02
00
11
00
4L5
mal
lard
MA
LLA
nas
plat
yrhy
ncho
sno
t map
ped
01
21
11
30
9L5
mou
rnin
g do
veM
OD
OZe
naid
a m
acro
ura
not m
appe
d0
21
01
10
05
L5no
rthe
rn c
ardi
nal
NO
CA
Car
dina
lis c
ardi
nalis
not m
appe
d0
21
01
22
08
L5or
char
d or
iole
OR
OR
Icte
rus
spur
ius
13
21
01
11
09
L5re
d-w
inge
d bl
ackb
irdR
WB
LA
gela
ius
phoe
nice
usno
t map
ped
02
20
11
30
9L5
song
spa
rrow
SO
SP
Mel
ospi
za m
elod
iano
t map
ped
02
20
12
20
9L5
war
blin
g vi
reo
WA
VI
Vire
o gi
lvus
not m
appe
d0
12
01
22
08
L5ye
llow
war
bler
YW
AR
Den
droi
ca p
etec
hia
not m
appe
d0
11
11
23
09
L5E
urop
ean
star
ling
EU
ST
Stur
nus
vulg
aris
not m
appe
dL+
hous
e sp
arro
wH
OS
PP
asse
r do
mes
ticus
not m
appe
dL+
Her
pet
ofa
una
nort
hern
leop
ard
frog
LEFR
Ran
a pi
pien
s1
03
22
12
51
16L3
2002
App
endi
x 3:
Lis
t of B
reed
ing
Faun
a S
peci
es F
ound
in P
ort U
nion
Stu
dy A
rea
in 2
007.
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
CO
DE
Sci
entif
ic N
ame
terr
itorie
sLO
PTn
PTt
HD
AS
MR
STD
+TS
L-ra
nkco
mm
ents
Inci
den
tal S
pec
ies:
sp
ecie
s th
at a
re r
epo
rted
on
as in
cid
enta
l to
th
e TR
CA
pro
toco
l.
Mam
mal
sm
ink
MIN
KM
uste
la v
ison
13
22
13
24
017
L3A
ug,2
007
east
ern
chip
mun
kE
AC
HTa
mia
s st
riatu
s1
02
21
22
30
12L4
May
, 200
7
LEG
EN
D
LO =
loca
l occ
urre
nce
MR
= m
obili
ty r
estr
ictio
nP
Tn =
pop
ulat
ion
tren
d, c
ontin
ent-w
ide
STD
= s
ensi
tivity
to d
evel
opm
ent
PTt
= p
opul
atio
n tr
end,
TR
CA
AP
= a
dditi
onal
poi
nts
HD
= h
abita
t dep
ende
nce
TS =
tota
l sco
reA
S =
are
a se
nsiti
vity
L-ra
nk =
TR
CA
Ran
k, A
pril
2003
