Population Genetics Ch. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same
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Transcript of Population Genetics Ch. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same
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Population Genetics Ch. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same
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Math Calisthenics I
Ladybug Population Generation One
Calculate TOTAL # A
AA = 200
Aa = 100
aa = 200
Calculate Total # a
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Math Calisthenics I
Ladybug Population Generation One
Calculate TOTAL # A
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 500
AA = 200
Aa = 100
aa = 200
Calculate Total # a
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 500
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Calculate TOTAL # A
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 500
Convert to % A
Calculate Total # a
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 500
Convert to % a
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Calculate TOTAL # A
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 500
Convert to % A
500/1000 = 0.5
(AVOID USING 50%)
Calculate Total # a
(200 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 500
Convert to % a
500/1000 = 0.5
(AVOID USING 50%)
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Ladybug Population Generation Two
Calculate TOTAL # A
AA = 300
Aa = 100
aa = 100
Calculate Total # a
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Ladybug Population Generation Two
Calculate TOTAL # A
(300 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 700
AA = 300
Aa = 100
aa = 100
Calculate Total # a
(100 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 300
![Page 8: Population Genetics Ch. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56814aee550346895db7fc44/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculate TOTAL # A
(300 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 700
Convert to % A
Calculate Total # a
(100 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 300
Convert to % a
![Page 9: Population Genetics Ch. 23 and Beyond; Lab/Lecture Same](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051316/56814aee550346895db7fc44/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculate TOTAL # A
(300 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total A = 700
Convert to % A
700/1000 = 0.7
Calculate Total # a
(100 X 2) + (100 X 1)
Total a = 300
Convert to % a
300/1000 = 0.3
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In the language of population genetics, p = % DOMINANT ALLELES
q = % RECESSIVE ALLELES
p q
Ladybug Generation 1
Ladybug Generation 2
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In the language of population genetics, p = % DOMINANT ALLELES
q = % RECESSIVE ALLELES
p q
Ladybug Generation 1
0.5 0.5
Ladybug Generation 2
0.7 0.3
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Class brainstorming - what might cause a shift in allele frequencies (% A/a or p/q)?
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
LARGE POPULATION
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Genetic Drift: allele % fluctuations due to TOO SMALL SAMPLE - BOTTLENECK
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
LARGE POPULATION
NO MIGRATION
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
LARGE POPULATION
NO MIGRATION
NO MUTATIONS
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
LARGE POPULATION
NO MIGRATION
NO MUTATIONS
MATING RANDOM
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Hardy-Weinberg (1908) predicted allele frequencies would NOT change if…
LARGE POPULATION
NO MIGRATION
NO MUTATIONS
MATING IS RANDOM
NO SELECTION FOR CERTAIN TRAITS
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Predicting and Detecting Variation
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For dom/rec traits, which is only genotype you know for certain based on
phenotype?
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HW developed a useful predictive equation: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
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Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.
Math Calisthenics II
Epidemiology Data from Monmouth
aa = 1600/10,000
Calculate p
Calculate q Calculate p2 & 2pq
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Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.
Math Calisthenics II
Epidemiology Data from Monmouth
aa = 1600/10,000
Calculate p
Calculate q
q2 = 1600/10,000
= 0.16
= 0.4 = q
Calculate p2 & 2pq
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Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.
Math Calisthenics II
Epidemiology Data from Monmouth
aa = 1600/10,000
Calculate pp + q = 1… SO
1 - 0.4 = p0.6 = p
Calculate q
q2 = 1600/10,000
= 0.16
= 0.4 = q
Calculate p2 & 2pq
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Let’s say you want to predict the # carriers of a new recessive disease allele.
Math Calisthenics II
Epidemiology Data from Monmouth
aa = 1600/10,000
Calculate pp + q = 1… SO
1 - 0.4 = p0.6 = p
Calculate q
q2 = 1600/10,000
= 0.16
= 0.4 = q
Calculate p2 & 2pq
p2 = (0.6)(0.6) = 0.36
2pq = 2(0.6)(0.4)
= 0.48
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Check Work! Does p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1?What does this data mean???
Lab: Aside from disease/carrier status, why is knowing heterozygosity important?
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Many alleles display
polymorphisms detectable at
DNA OR PROTEIN
LEVEL
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Now consider sickle cell polymorphism…
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Prokaryotes make protective nucleases called RESTRICTION ENZYMES (20.1-2)
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e.g. DdeI cuts CTTAG - distinguishes hemoglobin alleles (Fig. 20.9)
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In lab, you will explore protein gels of enzyme complexes to predict genotypes.
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Consider that some enzymes are made of single proteins - MONOMERS
Hom/Dom Hom/Rec Het/Dom
1 BAND 1 BAND 2 BANDS
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Others are made of multiple proteins - e.g. DIMERS, 2 FOLDED CHAINS
Hom/Dom Hom/Rec Het/Dom
1 BAND 1 BAND 3 BANDS
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Population Genetics and Evolution
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Do any populations meet HW conditions?RARELY AND NOT FOR LONG
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Evolution: CHANGES in the genetic makeup of a population OVER TIME