Population Ecology
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Transcript of Population Ecology
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Population Ecology
CHAPTER 9 NOTESAPES
Ms. Miller
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Key Concepts
Factors affecting population size
Species reproductive patterns
Species survivorship patterns
Conservation biology and human impacts on ecosystems
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Population Dynamics and Carrying Capacity Population dynamics—study of how populations change in
size, density, and age distribution Biotic potential--a populations capacity for growth
(intrinsic rate of increase [r])—rate of growth with unlimited resources
Environmental resistance—all factors that limit the growth of a population
Carrying capacity (K)—maximum number of individuals of a given species that can be sustained indefinitely in a given area
Exponential and Logistic Growth—two models of growth (J curve vs. S curve)
Population Density—number of individuals in a given area
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J-Curve
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S Curve
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Exponential and Logistic Growth
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Population Dispersion
Fig. 9-2 p. 164
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Factors Affecting Population Size
Fig. 9-3 p. 166
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Population Density Effects
Density-independent controls—affect a population’s size regardless of its density (climate, fire, natural disasters, meteor impacts, unseasonable weather, deforestation, etc)
Density-dependent controls—affect population size/growth as plate job population density increases (competition, predation, parasitism, disease transmission)
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Natural Population Curves
Fig. 9-7 p. 168
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The Role of Predation in Controlling Population Size Predator-prey cycles Top-down control vs. Bottom-up control
Fig. 9-8 p. 168
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Reproductive Patterns and Survival Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
r-selected species K-selected species
Fig. 9-10 p. 170
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Survivorship Curves
Fig. 9-11 p. 171
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Human Impacts on Ecosystems
Habitat degradation and fragmentation Ecosystem simplification Genetic resistance Predator elimination Introduction of non-native species Overharvesting renewable resources Interference with ecological systems
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Learning from Nature
Interdependence—all organisms on earth are dependent on one another
Unpredictability—things we do have unexpected or unintended side effects
Recycle wastes—we must find ways to use waste for energy
Dependence on Nature—we need the earth but the earth does not need us
Limited resources –we continue to deplete and degrade the Earth’s natural capital