Population Distribution & Environmental Issues. Already KNOWNEED to KnowWill Learn.
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Transcript of Population Distribution & Environmental Issues. Already KNOWNEED to KnowWill Learn.
WORDS TO KNOW
Desalination Water Pollution Unequal Distribution of Natural Resources Literacy Rate Desertification Deforestation Population Distribution
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Water Supply Very limited in Middle East
Many countries must use desalination to get drinking water
Process of removing salt from salt water to make it okay for drinking and farming
Tigris, Euphrates and Nile rivers Used for drinking water and generate power
If you don’t have a river in your region, you must find alternate methods for drinking water and power.
Egypt: The “Gift of the Nile”
Annual Nile Flooding
Annual Nile Flooding
Nile DeltaNile
Delta
95% of the Egyptian people live on 5% of the
land!
95% of the Egyptian people live on 5% of the
land!
Few rivers in the area
Jordan River: Originating in the mountains of Israel, Lebanon, and Syria, the Jordan flows into the Dead Sea. The river is the key water source for Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. It is only 20 feet wide in some parts and only 17 feet deep at its deepest point!
FEW RIVERS IN THE AREA Tigris River: The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are
like twins, starting in the mountains of Turkey and running parallel to each other in some places. The Tigris was part of the cradle of the ancient Middle Eastern civilizations.
The Tigris & Euphrates
River System
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the
Two Rivers”
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the
Two Rivers”
Marsh Arabs, Southern IraqMarsh Arabs, Southern Iraq
Suez Canal: the Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. It is called the ‘crossroads of Europe, Africa, and Asia” because it allows trade between all three continents.
Persian Gulf: This shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula holds some of the most important oil fields in the world. Western countries call it the Persian Gulf but most Arab countries call it the Arabian Gulf.
Strait of Hormuz: This narrow waterway between the gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf is a critically important shipping channel. Much of the world’s oil supply passes through this strait.
Dead Sea: Lowest Point on Earth
HighestSalt
Content(33%)
HighestSalt
Content(33%)
2,300’ below sea level
2,300’ below sea level
Bodies of Water
TigrisRiver
Nile River
Euphrates
River
Jordan River Persian Gulf
ArabianSea
Mediterranean Sea
IndianOcean
Red Sea
Black Sea
Gulf of Aden
Strait ofHormuz
Suez Canal
Dardanelles Strait
Atlantic
Ocean
Gulf of
Oman
Caspian
Sea
Gaza Strip: This area of 146 square miles is bordered on the south by Egypt, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and east by Israel. Disputes over this territory continue between Israel and the Palestinians.
Literacy Rate-the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak
Deforestation- forested areas converted into non-forest land for use such as arable land.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Desertification- land converted into desert due to various climatic variations, but primarily from human activities.
Soil Degradation- removal of fertilizer, nitrogen, and other substances need to grow crops.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Overgrazing- occurs when plants are exposed to livestock grazing for extended periods of time. It reduces the usefulness of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Rights to Water Supply
Disputes over rights to water supply and other natural resources in the region
Water rights Agreements about how countries can use the
water in a region.
Turkey: Snow melts in the highlands of Turkey and forms the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. This gives Turkey more water resources than most of its neighbors. However, pollution from agriculture, industries, and oil spils on the Black Sea is a problem.
Turkey, Syria, and Iraq: Turkey built dams along the Euphrates to use the water for hydroelectric power and irrigation. This reduced the amount of water reaching Syria. Syria in turn built a dam and reduced the river’s flow into Iraq. In 1975, Syria and iraq came close to fighting a war over the water issue.
Israel: Water consumption is up however rainfal is down. More and more water is pulled from the Aquifer however very little is returned.
Iran: Similarly, Iran is using water from its Aquifer faster than it can be replenished.
Afghanistan: Poor infrastructure means open sewers, failed spetic systems, fertilizers, and pesticides are contaminating their shrinking water supply.
Saudi Arabia: Located in the middle of the Arabian Pennisula and within a desert, water for the Kingdom is very scarce. Most of the Kingdoms water supply comes from desalination.
WHAT IS DESALINATION?
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Israel, Jordan and
Palestinians Rely on the same
scarce water supply on the West Bank
Israel has the most power – so they have the ability to claim more water.
What happens if they build a dam?
Recycle the water so many people have access to water without a major shortage
The lines coming from the tank are called the Leach Field; this is where excess water is drained away from the home.
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Water Pollution
Port cities Ports make it easier to ship things Water is often polluted by the shipping
industry
Oil is the main export Oil spills are one of the main causes for
water pollution in the Persian Gulf
SUMMARIZING STRATEGY – THINK, PAIR, SHARE(LEFT SIDE, YOU PICK ONE QUESTION)
How does a limited supply of water affect how nations treat each other?
Does the Middle East suffer from a small amount of water supply, unequal distribution of water, or both? Why???
How has water rights caused conflict in the Middle East?
OIL DISTRIBUTION
World’s largest source of oil - Persian Gulf Pollution issues – air and water
Damage to refineries during war Not repairing damages
Oil Distribution is not even. A few countries have most of the oil reserves. Others, sometimes right next door, have no oil.
Pollution was a strategy used during war Dumped oil into Persian Gulf Burned oil wells to prevent USA from gaining control
Lack of water supply makes the pollution issue even bigger.
OIL DISTRIBUTION
How does oil distribution impact the development of countries with and without oil? Standard of Living - GDP Literacy Rate
Dense populations in areas where oil is found. Not all inhabitants are natives, many
foreign workers brought in to work in the oil fields.
SUMMARIZING ACTIVITY – THINK-PAIR-SHARE
If a country does not have oil fields, what type of economy do they have?
If a country is poor, what type of literacy rate do they have? Why???
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
How do rivers and deserts impact where people live, where they work and how they travel?
People settle around the limited fresh water supply. Civilizations concentrate around fertile soil.
People aren’t going to settle in a hot desert . . . . Why?
Crops are grown within these areas. Subsistence Farming – Grow enough only for their families.
Most people within the Middle East were nomads (wander) within the desert regions. However, that changed in the 1950’s and 1960’s with the discovery of oil.
Now less than 1% of Saudi Arabians are nomads
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER (RIGHT SIDE)
Middle East Environmental Concerns
Population
Distribution
Water Supply
Few Rivers
NATURAL RESOURCES
Most economies in the Middle East were once based on farming.
Discovery oil – main source of income Governments with large oil deposits
stopped investing in other parts of their economies.
Countries without oil are poorer.
TRANSPORTATION
How do deserts and rivers impact transportation in the Middle East? Rivers provide transportation routes
Remember . . . There are few rivers in the region.
Deserts and mountains are transportation barriers
Difficult to produce and transport goods.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER (RIGHT SIDE)
Middle East Environmental Concerns
Population
Distribution
Transportation
Water Supply
Few Rivers
SUMMARIZING ACTIVITY 2(LEFT HAND SIDE)
Draw the following:
How people live in this area: Housing
How people work in this area: Types of Industry? Cities? Towns?
How people travel in this area: Cars? Paved Roads? Water?