PRESENTING BY : SAKSHI AND

POONAM

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What is Nanoscale?

12,756 Km 0.22 m

0.7 × 10-9 m

10 millions times

smaller

1 billion times

smaller

WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ?

1. Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic level.

2. It refers to the constructing and engineering of the functional system at very micro level.

Nanotech is both top down and bottom up like nature.

HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

1. Nanotechnology was founded by Richard Feynman.2. He had got nobel prize in physics 1965.

HISTORY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

1974 = Taniguchi used the term nanotechnology for the first time.

1991 = Carbon nanotube discovered by S.Iijima.

PRINCIPLE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology involves working with matter at the scale of one billionth of matter. It refers to the manipulation of matter on the

minutest scale.

There are two types of nanomaterials

1. Fullerenes 2. Carbon nanotubes

FULLERENES

A fullerene is a pure carbon molecule of at least 60 atoms of carbon. Because a fullerene takes a

shape similar to a soccer ball or a geodesic dome , it is sometimes referred to as a buckyball.

CARBON NANOTUBES

1. Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.

2. They have length to diameter ratio of upto

132,000,000:1

There are two types of nanotubes

1. Single walled nanotube2. Multi walled nanotube

SINGLE WALLED NANOTUBE

Single walled nanotube has a diameter close to 1 nanometer.

MULTI WALLED NANOTUBEMulti walled nanotubes consist of multiple rolled

layers of graphite .

There are two models of description of these MWNT:

1. Russian doll model2. Parchment model

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HOW NANOTECHNOLOG

Y IMPACTS OUR LIVES NOW?

And it’s

APPLICATIONS…

?

SOME APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGYARE:

MEDICINES ELECTRONICS FOOD FUEL CELLSSOLAR CELLS BATTERIESSPACEFUELS BETTER AIR QUALITYCLEANER WATERCHEMICAL SENSORSSPORTING GOODFABRIC

MEDICINESOne of the areas of medicines that will

benefit from the research and development of nanotechnology is that of cancer

treatment and detection. The national cancer institute is aiming to decrease

cancer deaths by the year 2015 with the help of nanotechnology.

TRADITIONAL VS NANOTECHNOLOGY

ELECTRONICS

Nano electronics can increase the capabilities of electronic devices while we reduce their weight and power consumption.

FOOD

Nanotechnology is having an impact on several aspects of food

science, from how food is grown to how it is packaged. Companies are developing nanomaterials that will make a

difference not only in the taste of food but also in food safety and health benefits.

FUEL CELLSCatalysts are used with fuels such as hydrogen or methanol to produce hydrogen ions. Platinum, which is very expensive, is the catalyst typically used in this process. Companies are using nanoparticles of platinum to reduce the amount of platinum needed, or using nanoparticles of other materials to replace platinum entirely and there by lower costs..

SOLAR CELLS

Use of nanotechnology in making solar cells can reduce manufacturing cost as well as installlation cost.

BATTERIES

Nanotechnology can increase the available power from a battery and decrease the time required to recharge a battery. The shelf life of a battery can be increased by using nanomaterials to separate liquids in the battery

from the solid electrodes.

SPACE

Nanotechnology may hold the key to making space flight more practical. New materials combined with nanosensors and nanorobots could improve

the performance of spaceships, spacesuits, and the equipment used to explore planets and moons.

FUELSNanotechnology is being used for:

Making the production of fuels from low grade raw materials economical.Increasing the mileage of engines.Making the production of fuels from normal raw material more efficient.

BETTER air qualityThere are two major ways in which nanotechnology is being used to reduce air pollution: catalysts, which are currently in use and constantly being improved upon; and nano-structured membranes, which are under development.The pollution removal component utilizes a biofiltration mechanism, in which polluted air is passed through an organic medium such as compost or wood chips that

contains bacteria.

Cleaner water

Nanotechnology is being used to develop solutions to three very different problems in water quality. One challenge is the removal of industrial pollution, such as cleaning solvent TCE. Another challenge is the removal of salt and metals from water. The third challenge concerns the fact that standard filters do not work on virus cells.

Chemical sensors

Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors. Various types of detecting elements, such as

carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide nanowires or palladium nanoparticles can be used in nanotechnology-based sensors.

Sporting goodsNanotechnology is being used for :

Increasing the strength of tennis racquets by adding nanotubes to the frames which increases control and power

when you hit the ball.Reducing the rate at which air leaks from tennis balls so they keep their bounce longer.

Fabric

Making composite fabric with nano-sized particles or fibers allows improvement of fabric properties without a significant

increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness.

There are other applications of nanotechnology such as sensors, treatment and remediation:

Efficient use of materials.

Promise for cost-effective, specific and rapid solutions for treatment of contaminants.

Cleanup of contaminated sites with problems brought by prior technologies and past practices.

BENEFITS OF USING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE

Nanotechnology offers many potential benefits to medical applications.Extremely small sizeControlled release of drug Reduced ToxicityProtect fragile drugs/proteinsFewer side effects

Nano pollution

Nanopollution is a generic name for waste generated by nanodevices or during the nanomaterials manufacturing

process.

Effect of nanoparticles on human health

There has been a study showing that inhaled nanosized particles gather in the nasal cavities, lungs and brains of rats.

Scientists believe this build-up could lead to harmful inflammation and risk of brain damage or central nervous

system disorders. Scientific studies are looking at:The reactivity of nanoparticles with biological system.The ability of our immune system to fight particles not previously encountered.

Some advantages and disadvantages

ADVANTAGES

In medical, change of body appearance.

Make almost every manufactured product faster, lighter, stronger, smarter, safer and cleaner, and even more precise.

DISADVANTAGES

Very expensive.

Atomic weapons will become more destructive.

Very hard to make.

Future of nanotechnology

It can … Help clean up past environmental damage…Correct present environmental problems…Prevent future environmental impacts…Help sustain the planet for future generations

Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future.

The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology.

Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.

Thank you