pongwe kikoneni revised2

8/11/2019 pongwe kikoneni revised2

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KENYA COAST DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (KCDP)

COMPONENT 3: ALTERNATIVE LIVELYHOODS

SPATIAL PLANNING COMPONENT

PONGWE KIKONENI LAND USE PLAN

Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development


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FOREWARD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 5

1.1 Project Description .............................................................................................................................. 5

1.2 Objective ....................................................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Purpose of the land use plan .............................................................................................................. 5

1.4 Selection of Planning Area .................................................................................................................. 5

1.5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Geographical Location ........................................................................................................................ 8

2.1 Historical Background ............................................................................................................................. 9

3.0 Situational Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 9

3.1 The People .................................................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Physiographic Profile....................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.1 Climate ....................................................................................................................................... 12

3.2.2 Relief and Drainage .................................................................................................................... 13

3.2.3 Drainage Patterns ...................................................................................................................... 13

3.2.4 Soils and Geology ....................................................................................................................... 13

3.2.5 Vegetation ...................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2.6 Wildlife ....................................................................................................................................... 15

3.3 Economic Base .................................................................................................................................. 17

3.3.1 Fishing ........................................................................................................................................ 17

3.3.2 Tourism ...................................................................................................................................... 17

3.3.3 Trade and commerce ................................................................................................................. 18

3.3.4 Industry ...................................................................................................................................... 18

3.3.5 Agriculture both livestock and crop farming ............................................................................. 18

3.4 Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 19

3.4.1 Public Works .............................................................................................................................. 19

3.4.2 Public Utilities ............................................................................................................................ 22

Telecommunication .................................................................................................................... 22

2.7.3 Social Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 23

3.5 Human settlements ........................................................................................................................... 24

3.6 Land Tenure ...................................................................................................................................... 25


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project DescriptionThe Kenya Coast Development (KCDP) Project is a multi-sectoral development project beingimplemented by government institutions based in the Coastal Region of Kenya, with the main objective

being to promote environmentally sustainable management of Kenyas coastal and marine resources.The vision of the project is TO: Promote social and economic well-being, improve standard of living,and create wealth for and by coastal zone communities; BY: Diversifying coastal economy, creatingviable jobs, and empowering youth and women; THRO: Environmentally and socially sustainable

utilization of coastal and marine natur al resources.

The Physical Planning Department is in charge of the execution of the spatial planning component of theprogramme with the main objective being to promote sustainable and best economic use of the coastalnatural resources through development and implementation of land capability plans.The role of SpatialPlanning is in the provision of overall spatial framework for integration and coordination of componentand sub-component activities within the project, for synergy, maximum impact and sustainabledevelopment.

1.2 ObjectiveThe overall objectives to be met by the land use plan is to formulate a spatial plan to regulate the

exploitation of natural resource for the sustainable development of Pongwe Kikoneni Ward

1.3 Purpose of the land use planThe Pongwe Kikoneni Ward Land Use Plan is a short term Action area plan geared towards guidinglivelihood activities within the ward. It is also developed as a tool for guiding the KCDP implementingagencies in carring out their activities within the Ward. The planning period is 5 years and covers an area

of approximately 341.76 km2.

1.4 Selection of Planning AreaThe selection of Pongwe-Kikoneni as an action area was based mainly on the weighting system asindicated by the Project Implementation Manual (PIM) under this Project . The selection criteriainvolved an evaluation of critical criterion:

1. Presence of biodiversity hotspots2. Emerging development3. Levels of resource exploitation /degradation4. Existing projects5. Poverty levels6. Potential for market linkages7. Existing social capital8. Availability of baseline data9. Accessibility10. Security11. Sustainability of interventions (land tenure, entrepreneurship


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The selection of Pongwe Kikoneni as an action area for planning was also selected based on consultationfrom the other components on immediate action area sites, in order to offer spatial guidance, to theother components in the execution of immediate projects. The site was also selected based on existenceof an approved Physical Development Plan for the Kwale County.

Figure 1: KCDP Project Sites Source: (Physical Planning Department , 2012)


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1.5 Methodology


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2.0 The Planning Area

2.1 Geographical LocationThe Planning area is located in Pongwe Kikoneni ward in Kwale County. The ward includes two locations,namely Kikoneni Location and Pongwe Kidimu Location. It is located between (533723.138U,

9513485.566) UTM and (5446682.367, 9483754.221) UTM 30 km southwest of Mombasa and extends15 km inland. Pongwe-Kikoneni Ward area measures approximately 285.76km square. It bordersMombasa and Indian Ocean to the East and Republic of Tanzania to the South.

Figure 2: Administrative Boundaries of Planning Area
http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kwale&params=4_10_28_S_39_27_37_E_region:KE_type:cityhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kwale&params=4_10_28_S_39_27_37_E_region:KE_type:cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mombasahttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kwale&params=4_10_28_S_39_27_37_E_region:KE_type:cityhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Kwale&params=4_10_28_S_39_27_37_E_region:KE_type:city


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2.1 Historical BackgroundPongwe drives its name from original occupants Nchipongwe and mwachi pongwe who were both abrother and sister from Pongwe family. From 15 th Centuary Pongwe area was in habited by locals fromwasirizi tribe, arabs and white settlers. White settlers were exclusively allowed to occupy areas around

Shimoni and beach fronts by local community as a strategy for security and safeguard of locals fromArabs slave trade activities. In 1940, Pongwe was divided into Pongwe kidimu and Pongwe kikoneni. Inearly 1980s, notice of completion of adjudication register of Kidimu, Majoreni ,Mangawani, shimoni andWasini Island in Pongwe was published according to the Land adjudication act CAP 284 Laws of Kenya.

Kikoneni word as currently called is made up of Pongwe kidimu and Pongwe kikoneni locations inMsambweni Division, Msambweni district, Kwale County. Pongwe kikoneni ward a total population of41,098 people (2009 population census). The residents of Kikoneni location are predominantly of theDigo tribe, which are one of the nine Mijikenda communities. Apart from the Digo, parts of the location,especially the villages of Mwandeo, Mabafweni and Masimbani are habited by members of the Kamba

tribe who moved into the area in the 1960s and 70s. They bought land and settled permanently andhave now established themselves as a recognized farming community. Following the collapse of theformer Ramisi Sugar Company in 1978, sections of land which used to form part of sugar cane nucleusestate were occupied by squatters from the Duruma tribe who moved in to produce short term cropslike maize and cassava and later benefited from allocations in the Bwiti settlement scheme. Thesettlement scheme also brought in more descendants of Kamba community to Bwiti, Chigombero andVwivwini villages. Bwiti is the settlement area and the other two villages through private land acquisitionarrangement

Pongwe/Kidimu is largerly habited by Digos except Wasini Island which has pockets of the Vumba subgroup of the Swahili. Notable is also the Wachifundi of Mkwiro, shimoni and Parts of Kiwambale which isa sub-dialect of the Digo but with language accent mixing Digo and Kiswahili. There is also the Tswakasub group of Digo tribe which occupies the villages of Chiromo, Mtimbwani, Fikirini and Mwambaovillages which forms one of the original inhabitants of the area unlike other Digos who migrated therefrom Kinondo and parts of southern Tanzania. Except for Shimoni area with approved PhysicalDevelopment Plan and registered sections in Pongwe ward, most trading centres in the planning areadont have approved plans. Land around trad ing centres such as Kanana and public institutions fallunder public land which is under the custody of the county government of Kwale and relevant publicinstitutions respectively.

3.0 Situational Analysis

3.1 The PeoplePongwe Kikoneni Ward is in Lunga Lunga constituency, Kwale County. The ward comprises of Majoreni,Mzizima, Shimoni, Wasini/ Mkwiro and Bumbani sub- Location of Kwale County. Pongwe Kikoneni Wardhas a total population of 41,098 people which is 16% of the total population of Kwale County which is at649,931 people. Below is a table on the analysis of the population in the ward. Pongwe kikoneni Ward


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Population 1989 Population 1999 Population 2009

Majoreni 3577 4322 7657

Mzizima 3048 4575 8177Shimoni 8457 2537 4069

Wasini 942 1157 1637

Bumbani 11749 14647 19558

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

T o t a

l P o p u

l a t i o n

Population Trends

has a total household size of 7,774 within an area of 223.5 sq kms. This translates to a populationdensity of 184. Apparently the population of females is more than that of men. This trend is bound toimpact on the socio cultural development of the ward.

Table 1: Population Analysis of Pongwe Kikoneni wardSource : Population and Housing census of 2009

Table 2: Population TrendsSource : Population and Housing census of 2009, 1999 and 1989

DISTRICT DIVISION LOCATION SUB LOC MALES FEMALES TOTAL H/H AREA DENSITY H/HSIZE

MSAMBWENI MSAMBWENI PONGWE/KIDIMO MAJORENI3,679 3,978 7,657 1,404 58.2 132 5.5

MSAMBWENI MSAMBWENI PONGWE/KIDIMO MZIZIMA3,999 4,178 8,177 1,598 72.5 113 5.1

MSAMBWENI MSAMBWENI PONGWE/KIDIMO SHIMONI2,077 1,992 4,069 965 19.6 208 4.2

MSAMBWENI MSAMBWENI PONGWE/KIDIMO WASINI/MKWIRO794 843 1,637 295 4.8 341 5.5

MSAMBWENI LUNGALUNGA

KIKONENI BUMBANI 9519 10039 19558 3512 129.7 151 5.6

TOTAL 20,068 21,030 41,098 7,774 223.5 184 5.3


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Table 3: Kwale County Age PyramidSource : Population and Housing Census 2009

The population of kwale County is

youthful as can be illustrated on thetable below. The bulk of thepopulation is between the age of 0-44 which is defined as the youthfulage. It is therefore paramount that indoing this landuse planning, theyouth particularly should be givenmuch emphasis because of theirpopulations.

Poverty Dynamics

Figure 3: Poverty Distribution Source : Population and Housing Census 1999

According to the 1999Population and Housing censusdata, the total Population

considered as poor at thelocation level was:

Pongwe Kidimu Location-5658(44% of the total Population)

Kikoneni Location -8756 (59% ofthe Total Population)


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In terms of educational standards of the planning area, the figure 4 below demonstrates that there is alarge population of men who never went to school at all as compared to their female counterparts. Alsoin the analysis, it can be seen that majority of the population only attained primary education as the

highest level while the population that attained tertiary education being small. This clearly shows thatafter the primary education there is a big drop out students who proceed to secondary and finally totertiary colleges which include University, Polytechnics and other tertiary colleges.the low levels ofskilled labour coupled with low literacy levels might be a considerable influence to the high povertylevels within the county.

Figure 4: Education levels by gender Source : Population and housing census 2009

3.2 Physiographic Profile

3.2.1 ClimatePongwe-kikoneni has monsoon type of climate; hot and dry from January April, while June to August isthe coolest period of the year. Being in the coastal region, its climate is mainly influenced by large-scalepressure systems (Intertropical Convergence Zone ITCZ) of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and isgenerally hot and humid. The monsoon winds blow from the northeast (October-March) and southeast(April-September). Transition periods of change of direction of flow of the winds occur in the months ofMarch-April and September-October. These two distinct monsoon seasons result in an annual bimodalrainfall pattern that characterizes the Kenyan coast with the long rains peaking between April and Julyand October to November for the short rains


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3.2.2.1 RainfallRainfall comes in two seasons with the short rains experienced from October to December while thelong rains run from March- June/July. The ward has an average rainfall ranging from 400- 1200mm.

The average rainfall amount for the windward side of the ecosystem is 1150mm decreasing to less than

500mm. The highest rainfall amount recorded is 1500mm.(trends in rainfall distribution)

3.2.2.2 AltitudeThe coastal plain is narrow belt and varies in width from 3km to 20km. The coastal plain lies below 30mabove sea level and extends 10kms inland. The extent of this feature is the coastline. The Foot Plateau,which is behind the Coastal Plain, lies at an altitude of between 60 and 135 metres above sea level.

3.2.2.3 TemperatureThe average temperature value is 24C within a range of 19-36C. The coolest months are July andAugust while the highest temperatures are recorded during the month of February. Relative humiditypeaks at 80% except during the warm months.

3.2.2 Relief and DrainageThe upper part of the ward Kikoneni location is characterized by hills and valleys while the lower part ofthe ward towards Pongwe Kidimu location is characterized by flat terrain to the ocean

The general contour lines show a gradual rise from the shoreline to the interior. On a smaller scale,however, there are some morphological features which greatly influence the potentiality of a particularzone to a particular land use.

The Coastal strip is a narrow belt along the ward fronting the ocean, with a maximum altitude of about4-10 metres and is characterised by a relatively flat surface. The western extension has an altitude ofbetween 10 to 18 metres and is also characterized by a relatively flat surface, ultimate with a number ofhills, and hill complexes such as the Mrima Hills that immediately fall outside the planning. This zone hasgood rainfall and fertile soils, with a fairly high potential for agriculture.

At other points smaller streams have cut long narrow inlets through the older coral formations andthese were drowned by the post glacial rise in sea level (mashimoni). Some limestone areas provide verydistinctive scenery and contain a maze of cave systems.

3.2.3 Drainage PatternsRamisi River forms the main drainage spine in the ward. There are also other seasonal rivers and

streams such as River Mwazare, Mwakadembe and River Mwena Below is a map of the drainage systemin Pongwe Kikoneni

3.2.4 Soils and GeologyPongwe Kikoneni ward show considerable variety of soil types which mostly developed on coastal sandsand coral limestone and are generally well drained with varying structure and depth. The porous parentrocks of sedimentary origin towards the South (Wasini and Shimoni area) give rise to soils of moderateto low fertility.


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Sugarcane plantations are extensive in Ramisi area where River Ramisi River is used for irrigation. Thismakes it susceptible to over abstraction. Sugarcane plantation but at smaller scale is found towards theNorth of Lunga-Lunga road around kikoneni, mwabandari and mwandeo areas.

Palm domes, coconut trees and grassland are common features across the planning area.

Photos of bushes & grassland, sugarcane ?

3.2.5.2 Marine VegetationMangroves

Dense Mangroves occur along the shoreline stretching from Majoreni to kidumu and Wasini Island. Themangrove forests support a number of species which include both the sea and land species. Localcommunities harvest the mangroves for timber leading to its gradual decline. Estimates under mangrovecover have remained constant.

They serve as important habitat for many species and as sediment trap thus keeping the coastal beachespristine. Mangroves swamps cover approximately 8,000Ha with largest systems in Shimoni and WasiniIsland area. People have traditionally harvested mangrove posts for subsistence and commercial use asbuilding material. Despite this, estimates of area under mangrove cover have remained constant.

Sea Grass Beds

Sea grass beds occur along the regions coastline usually adjacent to or associated with coral reefs. Theyare found along the shoreline in the South and Wasini Island serving as an important habitat for manyspecies and as sediment trap thus keeping coastal beaches pristine. (Insert photos of sea grasS)

3.2.6 WildlifeThese can be divided into two; terrestrial and marine wildlife communities.

3.2.6.1 Terrestrial WildlifeThe terrestrial wildlife found in this area include: eland, sable, antelopes, Angolan Columbus, sakes,monkeys, Grimms and bush buck. A number of forest bird species have been recorded.

3.2.6.2 Marine WildlifeThe mangrove forests and sea grass beds perform vital functions in protection and enrichment of thecoastal ecosystem. They serve as habitat for many species of fish, octopi and olothurian that areexploited commercially.

Mangrove forests are habitat for a variety terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals. The terrestrialfauna includes many species of birds, reptiles, mammals and insects. The aquatic fauna include prawns,crabs and molluscs. Sea grass beds are also the feeding grounds of endangered species such as thegreen turtle, the hawksbill turtle and the dugong. The Kisite Mpunguti Marine reserve has beenestablished to protect and conserve some of the endangered species and their breeding grounds.


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Figure 5: Land Cover Map of the Planning AreaSource: Satellite Imagery (2009)


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3.3 Economic BaseThe main economic activities in this area are fishing, agriculture, tourism and trade. Income generatingopportunities are determined by the mentioned economic activities. The level of economicdevelopment in this region depends on the resource base and the quality of infrastructure.

3.3.1 FishingFishing is a main subsistence occupation. Fishery resourcesare an important source of food, employment and foreignexchange in Pongwe Kikoneni ward. Fishing is undertakenalong the Pemba channel and the high seas. The mainspecies of fish in the area include; king fish, jack fish andrabbit fish. Fishing is mainly done within the areas ofShimoni and Wasini Island. (kisite mpuguti).

3.3.2 TourismThe tourist industry has direct economic benefits to the area through sale of fish, employment in touristhotels in Wasini Island and various tourist attraction sites within the ward. The sites include; Shimonicaves, turtle breeding grounds, Kisite mpunguti marine reserve, coral rocks and Wasini Island .Thecultural conservation diversity and historical development dating to pre-historic period and colonialtimes makes Kwale the ideal destination at the coast. Shimoni Caves are great historical indicators that

have a religious transformation and a historical monument of slavery and the ugly period of persecutionthat the locals went through.


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3.3.3 Trade and commerceTrade patterns in the ward are influenced by proximity to Ukunda, quality of service roads serving themarket centres, security, the economic viability of the hinterland and accessibility and proximity to theLikoni Lunga Lunga road.

These factors determine the distribution and pattern of trade in the area. They also determine the typeof trade in various centres across the ward.

The main market centers within the ward are, Shimoni, Kikoneni and Majoreni. The other lower levelcenters include; Kanana, Kidimu, Fikirini, Kibuyuni, Chigombero, Kivuleni, Mabwafweni, Mwandeo andKiruku. The most popular types of businesses are shops, kiosks and transport.

3.3.4 Industry Agro-Industry: Ramisi Sugar Factory Oil exploration prospecting in Majoreni Coral Stone Mining- Panama , Shimoni

3.3.5 Agriculture both livestock and crop farmingAgriculture plays a major role in the economic growth and development by employment generation,foreign exchange earnings and overall contribution to gross domestic product within the ward. It isevident that the area is dependent on agriculture and it contributes highly to the economic power of theresidents. Growth in agriculture can result in improved rural income, which has a significant and directimpact in reducing overall poverty. The area has a great potential for agriculture based on the soils typesand the rainfall that is averaged at 700 mm per annum and is considered a medium potential zone.

The main crops that are found in the area include: Maize, Cassava, Rice, Bixa, Sugarcane, Mangoes,

Coconuts, Passion fruits and bananas. Cassava, bananas, coconuts, mangoes, bixa, paws, avocadoes,water melons and cucumber can be grown throughout the year.

Production of crops such as cassava, rice, sweet potatoes, millet, coconuts, sugarcane and cashew nutsin large quantities can also support agro-based industries and thus enhance the economic power of thepeople. It is important to note that livestock keeping also has a fair share of the economy of not only theMsambweni Sub County but pongwe Kikoneni. Over 80% of the livestock are cattle, goats and donkeys.Below is a chart showing various types of livestock.

Figure 6: Livestock farming in Msambweni Sub-CountySource:


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3.4 InfrastructureInfrastructure is the social overhead capital that supports the economy of a locality. Infrastructurefacilitates efficient and effective resource utilization and distribution of goods and services and has adirect relationship to economic growth, poverty reduction and the environment. Good infrastructureincreases productivity and, therefore, improves standards of living of people, alleviates poverty and

improves environmental conditions within human settlements, provides linkages between people,resources and activities that provide opportunity for sustainable development.

In this report infrastructure was classified as:

i. Public Works (roads, bridges, parking terminals and other transport service, jetties. Alsoincluded in this category are facilities such as educational, health and security institutions

ii. Public Utilities (electricity, telecommunication, water reticulation system and sanitation).

3.4.1 Public Works Roads

Pongwe-Kidimu area is relatively well covered by road network. However, much of the roads in thislocality consist of gravel, earth and murram roads. The only tarmacked road in this area is the Likoni-LungaLunga class A road which traverses the ward. The rest are basically rural access and/or feederroads and include Msambweni-Kikoneni road, Msambweni-Chigombero-Kikoneni, Kanana-Shimoni,Kidimu-Majoreni.

Many of these roads require improvement in form of either tarmacking or murraming. One such roadthat requires tarmacking is the Kanana-Shimoni road.

Picture 1: Kanana-Mkuyuni Road Source: Reconnaissance Survey


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Figure 7: Hierarchy of Roads within the Planning AreaSource: Reconnaissance Survey

BridgesThere are a number of minor road bridges in the ward mainly along Ramisi and Mwena rivers. Some ofthe bridges include Ramisi, Mwachande, Mwabafueni.

Road Class

Kanana-Mkuyuni D543Kidimu-Majoreni E970

Likoni-Lungalunga A 14

Mkuyuni - Shimoni E0971

Mkuyuni-Fikirini R4B

Msambweni-

Chigombero-Kikoneni

R1B, 2B


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JettiesThere is only one jetty at Shimoni. This jetty serves mainly the tourists and locals people to the islands,fishermen and as an entry point to Pongwe Kikoneni. It also serves as a boat repair yard. This is a majorinfrastructure in water transport at Pongwe Kikoneni. Below are pictures showing the jetty itself andboats.

Picture 2: Shimoni JettySource: Reconnaissance Survey

Picture 3: Water Transportation between Mainland and Wasini Island Source: Reconnaissance Survey


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the rural has not been well supplied with electricity. A negligible number of the population useelectricity while the majority uses tin lamps and lanterns as their source of lighting. Below is a chartshowing the various sources of lighting

2.7.3 Social Infrastructurei. Education: primary and secondary, tertiary (village polytechnics, adult education)

ii. Administration offices and police posts- shimoni, majoreni, kikoneni, chigomeroiii. Health centers- shimoni, majoreni, Kikoneni

[Insert a combined map with the above features]


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3.5 Human settlements

Human settlement is a concentration of people and activities, whether sparse homesteads, large tracts

of property holdings, the smallest village, or the largest metropolis.Human settlement in Pongwe Kikoneni ward in Kwale County which is the planning area can further beclassified broadly into urban and Rural settlements.Figure 8: Connectivity of Trade CentersSource: Field Survey


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3.6 Land TenureLand Tenure in Pongwe Kikoneni Ward is categorized into Public, Private and Community land.There are several settlement schemes which include-Ramisi, Majoreni, Shimoni, kidimu,

magawani and wasini. The map below shows the land tenure in the planning areaInsert map of land tenure


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4.0 Capability AssessmentsLand capability classification is an internationally recognized means of land classification, used toevaluate the capability of land to support a range of land uses, on a long-term sustainable basis (Grose,

1999).Land capability assessment takes into account the physical nature of the land (eg. geology, soils, slope,altitude) plus other factors (eg. climate including rainfall and temperatures, land management practices)which determine how that land can be used without destroying its long-term potential for sustainableproduction. It also takes into account limitations that might affect maximum use, eg. drainage, tsetse flydistribution, landform or flooding. Land capability assessment is therefore based on the permanentbiophysical features of the land (including climate), and does not take into account other factors egpoverty; infrastructure distribution, the economics of agricultural production, distance from markets,social or political factors.

Three thematic areas were selected for the initial preparation of land capability maps, includingaquaculture, agriculture (crop and livestock) and forestry. This forms among the largest contributors tothe livelihoods of the coastal people.The land capability mapping has been done in three levels , coast region level, that informs the regionallevel ie at the county level and finally stepped down to the ward scale. The land capability maps aredecision making tools that can be used in defining land use proposal at various planning levels.Figure 9: Levels of land Capability MappingSource: Physical Planning

Coast Region land Capability Assessment

County Land CapabilityAssessments

Action Area/ward level CapabilityAssessments


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High Moderate Not

capable

Available acreagewithout parks ( Ha) in

Kwale County347,447 13,840 423,528

Available acreagewithout parks ( Ha) in

Pongwe Kikoneni Ward24310 0 2265

050,000

100,000

150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000

A

r e a i n H a

.

Crop Capability Acreage (Ha)

4.1 Agriculture Capability

4.1.1 Crop C apability

Class Area(Ha) Remarks crops

High 24,310 ha Deep soils, well drained Amaranthus(Mchicha), Banana, capsicum(pilipilihoho), Cashenut, Cassava, Caster, Coconut, cotton,Cucumber, green grams, Maize, okra, highland rice,Sisal, Spider plant(Saga), (shimoni, Kikoneni), Tomato

Low 2,265ha Constrained by Poorlydrained, prone toflooding, steep and flat

Acacia Melife, bixa, Cashew nut, Citrus, oil palm, okra,pawpaw, pineapple(near shimoni), simsim, Sunflower,Water melon


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0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000

High

Moderate

Low

Not capable

High Moderate Low Not capableAvailable acreage

without parks (Ha) inPongwe Kikoneni Ward

112 24,198 1,099 0

Available acreagewithout parks (Ha) in

Kwale County154,110 129,417 100,747 412,069

Dairy Farming Capability Acreages (Ha)

4.1.2 Dairy Farming Capability

Class Area(Ha) crops

High 112 Ha Dolichos, Napier grass, Rhodes grass

Moderate 24,198 Ha Acacia Melife Critoria, digitarimilani, Micuna

Low 1,099 Ha Acaciaxantho, cenchruscilli


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0 200, 000 400, 000 600, 000 800, 000

Available acreage withoutparks (Ha) in Kwale County

Available acreage withoutparks (Ha) in Pongwe Kikoneni

Ward

Available acreage without parks(Ha) in Kwale County

Available acreage without parks(Ha) in Pongwe Kikoneni Ward

Moderate 198,110 2151

High 588,233 24424

Beef Farming Capability Acreage (Ha)

4.1.3 Ranching Capability


High 24424 Acacia Melife

Moderate 2151 Acacia Melife Micuna


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4.1.4 Aggregate Agriculture Capability


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4.2 Agroforestry Capability


High 15203 Afzelia

Moderate 10282 Afzelia(between Fikirini and Shimoni, Wasini Island)Low 407 Afzelia(Majoreni, between Kigombero and Fikirini)

Not Capable 22 Acaciapoly


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4.3 Fish farming Capability

Capability Class Area(Ha)

aquaculture High Capability 1323Moderate 809


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5.0 Proposed Land Use Plan

Proposal ClassValue

The are has high potential for gariculture but consevation measures are needed to protect this zone 30

Water Areas 70

current Use in harmony with land Capabilty, can be good for pasture production 40

current Use out of Land Capabilty, use of fertlizer and manure needed 50

current Use out of Land Capabilty, use of fertlizer and manure needed, and proper soil management 60

current Use within Land Capability, crops can be grown and agroforesty, Dairy farming require measures to reduce tsetse flyshould be applied, 12 acres can be sufficient, soil mgt due to flooding

20

current Use within Land Capabilty, Majority crops can be grown and agroforesty, Dairy farming will not do better, measures toreduce tsetse fly should be applied, 10 acres can be sufficient

10


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Figure 10: Pongwe KIkoneni Land Use ProposalsSource : Physical Planning

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