Pompeii wall paintings april 2014
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Roman Wall Paintings
An exploration of the four styles
Claudia MarchesiPhD CandidateUniversity of CanberraApril 2014
Villa dei misteri
• August Mau
Geschichte der decorativen Wandmalerei in Pompeji. Reimer, Berlin 1882
Based on houses in Pompeii
Problems:
implies that innovation stopped in 79AD
not discrete periods
buon fresco
Before pompeii
Before pompeii
• Most surviving early wall painting is from tombs, such as the Macedonian tombs at Lefkadia
• More recent finds of domestic wall painting at Delos and Akrotiri
• Best known examples in Italy are from Etruscan tombs and the Tomb of the Diver at Paestum (Magna Graecia, c. 470 BC)
Drag picture to placeholder or click icon to add
Tomb of the Diver, Paestum
Above: painted sarcophagus lidBelow: wall decoration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Domus_romana_Vector002.svg
The Samnite House
Herculaneum
First style
also called incrustation
• from 200 BC to 60 BC
• Architectural zones:• Plinth
Socle [Dado]
Orthostats
Isodomic courses
Stringcourse
Cornice
• The idea of faux-finishes is something that has persisted.
• House of the Griffins, Palatine, Rome
Second style
• Fresco wall painting in a cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale, ca. 40–30 B.C.; Late Republican
Second Style cont’d
• Fresco wall painting in a cubiculum (bedroom) from the Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale, ca.
40–30 B.C.; Late Republican
Villa of Livia at Prima Porta
Summary
• Second Style, Architectural, dates from about 60 BC to 20 BC and serves to open up the claustrophobic spaces of Roman houses.
• A distinctly realistic feel, using perspective.
• Illusions of windows and covered walkways looking onto imaginary scenes framed by columns.
• Objects of daily life depicted realistically, with items on shelves and tables appearing to project out of the wall.
Third style
ornate
• Illusion is rejected in favor of ornamentation.
• Largely monochromatic walls were often painted with a few pieces of architecture
• As time progressed, the style of wall paintings became even less architecturally realistic and more of a mixture of styles.
Villa of Poppaea, Torre Annunziata / Oplontis
Villa of Agrippa Postumus at Boscotrecase, the Black Room
Fourth style
Intricate
• The fourth style, Intricate, dates from around 20 AD to 79 AD. This style incorporates all the elements of the earlier styles.
• Fragments of architecture in illogical space
• Unlike the clarity of the third style ‘galleries’, fourth style rooms appear chaotic and filled to excess. They don’t resemble any believable space, but instead consist of a variety of architectural elements arranged in an unrealistic manner with unrealistic perspective, set against a flat background, interspersed with panel pictures.
From Nero’s Domus Aurea
bibliography
• Diana Kleiner Lectures on Roman Architecture
http://oyc.yale.edu/history-art/hsar-252/lecture-6
http://oyc.yale.edu/history-art/hsar-252/lecture-7
• Maurice Owen (2010) The False - Door : dissolution and becoming in Roman wall-painting, http://creadm.solent.ac.uk/custom/rwpainting/cover/contentspage.html
• Nina Miller http://honorsaharchive.blogspot.com.au/2005/09/four-styles-of-roman-wall-paintings.html
• http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/painted-garden-villa-of-livia.html
• John R. Clarke (1991) The Houses of Roman Italy, 100 BC–AD 250: Ritual Space and Decoration