POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS -...
Transcript of POLYMERS & COMPOSITES - ts. · PDF fileCONCRETE AND MORTARS ... FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS -...
POLYMERS & COMPOSITEST2 - MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
POLYMERS
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
POLYMERS
PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES 1907-1ST SYNTHETIC POLYMER TODAY
FROM TO
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS
LARGE MOLECULE COMPOSED OF A CHAIN OR NETWORK OF SMALL REPEATINGSUB-UNITS CALLED MONOMERS
NATURAL POLYMERS
SILK
WOOL
CELLULOSE
DNA
PROTEINS(ie. Resilin, Elastin)
NATURALRUBBER
ETFE PVC NYLON
EPOXIESSILICONE SYNTHETICRUBBER
WHAT IS IT?
SYNTHETIC POLYMERS CLASSIFICATION
ETFE, PVC, POLYETHYLENENYLON, POLYSTYRENE, PTFE
…
POLYESTER RESIN, EPOXIES, DUROPLAST, SILICONE
…
SYNTHETIC RUBBERS…
Source: Ensinger
THERMOPLASTICS THERMOSETS ELASTOMERS
• Unlike Elastomers and Thermosets the molecular chains are not cross-linked.
• Therefore, they demonstrate Plastic behaviour and are thermoformable (meltable and weldable)
• Soft when hated and hard when cold
• 3-Dimensional Closely-meshed cross linking which means they cannot be shaped after hardening.
• Not meltable
• Good chemical resistance and high level of thermal stability
• Hard and Brittle
• Wide-meshed cross-linking of knotted molecular chains
• High level of dimensional stability but still elastically maleable
• Not meltable
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
POLYMERS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Relative good Strength and Young’s Modulus
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
COMPOSITES
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
CONCRETE AND MORTARS
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS
METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES
MEMBRANES
COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC
A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT
CONCRETE AND MORTARS
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS
METAL COMPOSITES CERAMIC COMPOSITES WOOD COMPOSITES
MEMBRANES
COMPOSITESA MATERIAL MADE FROM 2 OR MORE MATERIALS WITH SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TO IMPROVE STIFFNESS, STRENGTH, DURABILITY, ETC
A COMBINATION OF A MATRIX AND A REINFORCEMENT
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - FRPMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
• High strength to weight ratio
• Very low stiffness (Young´s Modulus)
• Low Thermal connectivity compared to metals (Steel, Aluminium)
• Potentially low coefficient of Thermal Expansion
• Among Others
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
THIS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES CAN BE TAILORED BY CONTROLLING THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:
• Fibre Type
• Matrix Type
• Fibre Length
• Fibre Orientation
• Fibre Volume Fraction - The proportion of fibres in the material
• Moderate strength
• Low Young's Modulus
• Low Cost
• Thermal conductivity about >100 times lower than aluminium (~1.2W/mK).
GLASS FIBRES ARAMID FIBRESCARBON FIBRES
3 MAIN TYPE OF FIBRES USED:
• High strength
• Very High Young’s Modulus
• High Cost
• High strength
• Moderate Young’s Modulus
• Excellence toughness and impact resistance
• Cost as high as Carbon Fibres
• Thermal conductivity about >2000 times lower than aluminium
FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMERS - CLASSIFICATION
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
CASE STUDIES
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
EDEN PROJECTGRIMSHAW ARCHITECTS, CORNWALL, 2000
Grimshaw Architects
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ETFE
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Grimshaw Architects
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ETFE
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Grimshaw Architects
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
DesignApproach:LightweightStructuredesignfrom3irstPrinciples:Ef3iciency,IntegrationofArchitectureExpressionandStructure.
Structure:Light-weightSteelStructureHexagonalModulesthatrangeindiameterfrom5to11m.
Thickness(t):Variates
Span(L):Domesrangefrom18-65mradius.Totalarea23.000sqm
MainMaterial:ETFEFilms.
Young’sModulus(E):15GPa(ETFE)
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Grimshaw Architects
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ETFE
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Grimshaw Architects
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ETFE
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Grimshaw Architects
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ETFE
Grimshaw Architects
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ELYTRA FILAMENT PAVILIONACHIM MENGES, V&A MUSEUM, 2016
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
DesignApproach:LightweightStructureinspiredonthelightweightconstructionprinciplesfoundinthe3ilamentstructureoftheforewingsofElytras(3lyingbeetles),beingaverystrongandalsoaverylightstructure
Structure:Light-weightSteelHexagonalCells
Thickness(t):Usuallybetween0.25to1mm
Over200sqm
MainMaterial:TransparentGlassFibresandBlackCarbonFibres.
Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPaCFRP:69-150GPa
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ONE OCEAN PAVILIONSOMA, THEMATIC PAVILION SOUTH KOREA EXPO, 2012
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
FacadeDesignApproach:LightweightGRPadaptivefacadeinspiredbythenaturalswayofvarioustypesofvegetationinnature.
Structure:Light-weightSteelstructure
MainMaterial:GlassFibreReinforcedPlastic(GFRP)
Young’sModulus(E):GFRP:15-28GPa
ONE OCEAN PAVILION - KINETIC FACADE
Span(L):
Thelamellasoccupymorethan3000m2andeachLamellaspansbetween3-15metres
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: SOMA-Yeosu Expo 2012
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: The Silk Pavilion
THE SILK PAVILIONPROF. NERI OXMAN, MIT MEDIA LAB, 2013
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: The Silk Pavilion
FacadeDesignApproach:TheSilkPavilionexplorestherelationshipbetweendigitalandbiologicalfabricationonproductandarchitecturalscales.
Structure:
26polygonalpanelsmadeofsilkthreadslaiddownbyaCNCmachine+aMetalframe
CNCDepositedSilkFiber&SilkwormConstruction
MainMaterial:WormSilk,Silkthread
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: The Silk Pavilion
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock
Images Source: achimmenges.net
Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: The Silk Pavilion
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor
LUCERNE FESTIVAL ARK NOVAISOZAKI + KAPOOR, JAPAN, 2013
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor
DesignApproach:
Structure:
PVCMembranein3latableStructure
MainMaterial:PVCMembrane
Span(L):around30m
Width:29mLength:36mHeight:18m
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: Ark Nova, Isozaki+Kapoor
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
ARBOSKIN PAVILION U. OF STUTTGART, ITKE (INSTITUTE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES), 2013
Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: ARBOSKIN Pavilion Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
THE BAD CAFENUDE, MUMBAI, 2016
Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
Images Source: BAD Cafe - Dezeen
Helen Groat + Danae Polyviou+ Camila Rock Term 1, TS2 - Polymers and Fibre Composites
THANKS.