Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective Harald Pasch SASOL Chair of...

Polymer Science Education Polymer Science Education – – An (Southern) African PerspectiveAn (Southern) African Perspective

Harald PaschSASOL Chair of Analytical Polymer ScienceDepartment of Chemistry and Polymer Science

Stellenbosch – South AfricaStellenbosch – South Africa

Darmstadt

Stellenbos

ch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stellenbosch_from_Papagaaiberg.jpg

StatementStatement

During the last 30 years the world's materials around us have changed … to new materials ... Emphasis is on polymers, advanced materials for the electronic and medical industries and novel ceramics, amongst others.Yet, a school leaver often doesn't know …what a plastic bag is and how to recycle it.There is an urgent need to address the improved teaching of materials (and polymer) science, especially in Africa. We are of the opinion that new courses could do much to improve science teaching in Africa and make the matric student much more conscious of materials around him/her.

… the same it true, of course, for science teaching at a tertiary education level.

R.D. Sanderson, J. Makawa-Mbewe, J.J. De Kock Macromol. Symp. 165 (2001)143–154

The African BackgroundThe African Background

The top oil producers: 2.1 Mio barrel/d1.7 Mio barrel/d

0.7 Mio barrel/d

2.2 Mio barrel/d

1.9 Mio barrel/d

The African BackgroundThe African Background

But: very limited refining capacitiespolymer/plastics production is close to zero !

2.2 Mio barrel/d

1.9 Mio barrel/d

Nigeria: Population 174 Mio (7Nigeria: Population 174 Mio (7thth), GDP 316 Billion $ (38), GDP 316 Billion $ (38thth))

Review of top 5 universities:-not a single degree in Polymer Science-Polymer Science activities part of the Science (Chemistry) or Engineering (Chem. Eng.) faculties-postgraduate degrees: MSc and PhD in Chemistry or Industrial Chemistry

No. 1: Obafemi Awolowo UniversityDept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in chemistry and industrial chemistryCHM 417 – Polymer Chemistry (4th year, 1st semester)Survey, classification, and nomenclature of synthetic and naturally occurring macromolecules; their physical and chemical properties; synthesis, particularly by addition, condensation, and ring-opening processes; comparison of synthetic methods with biogenetic routes; characterization of polymers, particularly by molecular weight measurements; correlation of physical and chemical properties of macromolecules with structural features, including their stereochemistry.

No. 2: University of LagosDept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in environmental and analytical chemistryNo polymer or materials science courses

No. 3: University of IlorinDept. of Chemistry: postgrad. degrees in chemistry and industrial chemistryNo further details on course contents


ICH 367 Petrochemicals and Utilization of Wastes and Industrial PolymersThermoplastics, Thermosetting plastics, Phenoplast and aminoplasts, Nature and uses of plasticizers, extenders and fillers, crystallization of polymers. Paints, polyvinyl acetate, acrylics and water - based paints. Alkyd, nitrocellulose and other resins; titanium dioxide lacquers, enamels, vanishes. Paint flows. Natural and synthetic rubbers, vulcanization. Textile fibres. Soap and detergents of all types: Phenomenology, theories and formulations, Soap economics. Dyes and pigments of all types and methods of their application. Local plants and raw materials. Chalking, bleeding and blooming in dyes. The pharmaceutical industry. Aspirin, sulfa drugs, barbiturates, antibiotics, etc

CHE 358 Organic and Physical Chemistry of Macromolecules including Stereochemical Principles: Introductory symmetry, conformations and resolution of racemic mixtures, stereochemistry and biological activities, stereo-selectivity and stereospecificity in synthesis. The structures and brief chemistry of monosaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids and DNA. Synthetic polymers and detergents. Physical methods in the determination of structures and properties of macromolecules. Bimolecular spectroscopy and interactions in biological macromolecules and membranes

No. 4: University of IbadanDept. of Chemistry: MSc and PhD in Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry

Part 5 (500 level)1st SemesterPolymer Science 11 (PTE 501, 3 unit) Polymer Rheology II (PTE 503, 2 unit) Engineering Technology of Elastomers (PTE 507, 3 unit) Complex Textile and Design (PTE 509, 3 unit)

2nd SemesterPolymer Processing Engineering Technology IV (PTE 502, 3 unit) Modern Yarn Production (PTE 504, 3 unit) Theory of Colouration and Finishing of Textiles (PTE 506, 3 unit) Theory of Textile Structures (PTE 512, 2 unit) Polymer Reactions and Degradation (PTE 534, 1 unit)

ElectivesPolymer Processing Engineering Technology III (PTE 521, 3 unit) Adhesive and Coating Engineering (PTE 522, 3 unit) Pulp and Paper Technology (PTE 523, 3 unit) Colour Technology (PTE 524, 3 unit) Polymer in Medicine and Specialty uses (PTE 526, 3 unit) Foam Technology (PTE 529, 3 unit) Injection Mouldings (PTE 527, 3 unit) Recycling (PTE 530, unit) Advanced Composites (PTE 531, unit) Conducting Polymers (PTE 533, 3 unit)


No. 5: Federal University of Technology (Owerri)Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Polymer & Textile Engineering: BSc, MSc and PhD degrees in Textile Science and Engineering & Polymer Science and Engineering

Presented by:

1 professor1 senior lecturer2 lecturers6 assistant lecturers

http://www.futo.edu.ng/Schools/engineering/Polymer.aspx











Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78 thth))

No. 1: University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical and Mining EngineeringCollege of Natural and Applied Sciences, ???? no further information

Both offer BSc degrees, no polymer activities, no information on ongoing research projects, MSc and PhD programs – no details

No. 2: Sokoine University of AgricultureFaculty of Science, Dept. of Physical Sciences: BSc program in chemistry

No. 3: The Hubert Kairuki Memorial UniversityPrivate medical university

No. 4: Tumaini University Makumira‘…is a Christ-Centred University focusing all its programmes through the guidance of and obedience to the word of God…’No science except computer science

No. 5: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciencesno science or engineering faculties, no undergrad or postgrad degrees in science

The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technologynew establishment, shall be similar to IITs in India,Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering:Master’s and PhD in Materials Science and Engineering (MaSE),Master’s and PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering (EnSE)

Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78Tanzania: Population 45 Mio, GDP 80 Billion $ (78 thth))

Angola: Population 19 Mio, GDP 129 Billion $ (61Angola: Population 19 Mio, GDP 129 Billion $ (61stst))

No. 1: Universidade Católica de AngolaFaculty of Engineering:Teaching … under constructionResearch … under constructionPerspectives … under construction

No. 2: Universidade Agostinho NetoFaculty of Engineering, College of SciencesMSc and PhD degrees in chemical engineeringNo information about courses, research etc.

No. 3: Universidade Gregório SemedoFaculty of Engineering and Technologymainly computer scienceNo information about courses, research etc.

No. 5: Universidade Técnica de AngolaDepartamentos ????? Faculdades ?????

Only Portuguese, no detailed information !

Zimbabwe: Population 13 Mio, GDP 11 Billion $ (31Zimbabwe: Population 13 Mio, GDP 11 Billion $ (31stst in Africa!) in Africa!)

No. 1: University of Zimbabwe (Harare)

Faculty of Science, Department of ChemistryBSc Hons in Chemistry and MSc in Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Engineering: no chemical engineering

No. 2: National University of Science and Technology (Bulawayo)

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Dept. of Applied ChemistryBSc and postgrad degrees in Applied ChemistryPolymer Science course SCH 21071. Introduction to Polymers2. Polymerization3. Fibres4. Polymerisation techniques5. Rubbers

Harare Institute of Technology

Dept. of Polymer Science & Engineering

Polymer SciencePolymer EngineeringPolymer TechnologyPolymer Materials & ProcessingRecycling and Environmental ProtectionResearch and Product Development

Polymer Science degrees (B Tech Hons) to be introduced in 2014

Established by Prof. L. Tichagwa- former head of Chemistry Department of University of Ft. Hare, South Africa- former PhD student of Sanderson/Pasch

South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25South Africa: Population 53 Mio (25thth), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd)), GDP 371 Billion $ (33rd)

SASOLIndustries: oil, gas, chemicalsEmployees: 34,000Revenue: 32 Billion $Plastics/polymers: > 1 Mio t/a


University of Cape Town (UCT)University of StellenboschUniversity of the Western Cape (UWC)

University of the Free State (UFS)

University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)University of Pretoria (UP)University of Johannesburg (UJ)

University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN)

South Africa’s top universities


South African universities with Polymer Science teaching and research

University of the Free State (UFS)

Qwaqwa Campus

Postgraduate degrees in Polymer Science: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD

BSc Hons course content:

CMP 614 Inorganic Chemistry (Polymers and Polymer Reactions) (16 credits, 16 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 634 Physical Chemistry (Physical Polymer Science) (16 credits, 16 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 654 Organic Chemistry (Polymers and Polymerization) (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 674 Analytical Chemistry (Polymer Testing and Characterization I) (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 624 Polymer Chemistry (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 644 Polymer Characterization (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours) –

CMP 664 Physical Polymer Science (16 credits, 15 hours theory, 30 hours practicals, one examination paper of 2 hours)

CMP 684 Applied Polymer Science (Research Project) (16 credits)

University of Pretoria (UP)


Postgraduate degrees in Applied Science: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD

Research focus on chemical product and process design including polymers and polymer nanocomposites

BSc Hons course content:

Among other courses

CPW 732 Polymer Materials Science CPP 732 Polymer ProcessingCYM 732 Additive Technology (e.g. polymer fillers, stabilizers, surfactants)CFT 732 Fluoro-Materials Science (e.g. fluoro-monomer polymerization, physical properties, processing)

University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)

Postgraduate degrees in Chemistry and Applied Chemistry: BSc Hons, MSc, PhD

Joined degree of Schools of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, some polymer teaching embedded in organic and physical chemistry courses, research oriented towards nanotechnology


Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)

Faculty of Engineering

Bachelor of Technology: B Eng Tech – polymer technology and materials engineering

B Eng Tech course content:

Polymer Technology- processing of polymers (injection moulding, extrusion, compression moulding) - flow characteristics of polymers, rheometry, viscometry - polymer technology practical

Polymer Science- polymer chemistrypolymer science practical


University of Stellenbosch

Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science

BSc in Chemistry: Chemistry and Polymer ScienceBSc in Chemistry: Textile and Polymer SciencesBSc in Chemistry: Chemical Biology

2nd year: textile science module3rd year: polymer chemistry module, analytical polymer science module

BSc Hons in Polymer Science

1st semester: polymer chemistry, advanced analytical polymer science2nd semester: physical polymer science, general polymer science and special topics

MSc in Polymer Science, PhD in Polymer Science

Only South African university with a complete BSc, BSc Hons, MSc and PhD curriculum in Polymer Science



Annual Winter School in Polymer ScienceAnnual Winter School in Polymer Science

5 days packed with lectures, pracs, own presentations, get together …..

- Morning sessions: lectures- introduction to polymers as materials- polymer chemistry, polymerization mechanisms- polymer analysis- industrial applications

- Afternoon sessions: pracs (in groups of 3-4 students)- prepare your polymer- analyse chemical composition (FTIR, NMR, MS)- get molar mass (SEC)- get properties (density, thermal properties)- present and discuss your results




2012: 26 students, 15 from UCT, 2 from WSU, 1 from NMMU, 5 from UFH, 2 from UP and 1 from NAMPAC

1) I found this course to be very enjoyable2) I have learnt something 3) I would recommend this course to other students4) The course was well organized5) I found the practical tasks enjoyable and worthwhile 6) The mentors were very friendly and helpful7) I enjoyed the lectures8) Please rate your overall impression of the course (1- not very good; 5 –excellent)


Vocational Training in Polymer/Plastics Technology

Plastics | SA is the mouthpiece of South African plastics industry. Previously known as the Plastics Federation ofSouth Africa, we proudly represent polymer producers and importers, converters, machine suppliers and recyclers.

• 3 Training centres

• Midrand

• Cape Town

• Durban

• Train more than 3 000 students per annum

• Learnerships – 1 year programme

• Skills Programmes; duration 3 – 10 days

TRAININGTRAININGSERVICESSERVICES

Learnerships

Pre – Assessments (Gap Analysis)

Learning Potential Assessment

Assessments

Recognition of Prior Learning Skills Programmes

Accredited Training Provider


Qualifications in the Plastics Industry

• National Certificate in Plastics Manufacturing NQF 2 – 4

• National Certificate in Polymer Composite Fabrication NQF 2 – 4

• National Certificate in Thermoplastic Fabrication NQF 2 – 4

• National Certificate in Polymer Composite Fabrication NQF 2 – 4

• National Certificate in Polymer Compound Manufacturing NQF 2

• Manufacturing and Assembly Operations Supervision NQF 4

Summary, conclusionsSummary, conclusions

Africa is a rich continent, some African countries are major crude oil or mineral producers

Nearly all crude oil is shipped overseas, very little processing/refiningcapacities, plastics manufacturing is close to zero (except for SA)

Incentive for developing/establishing polymer science teaching/research ????

Internationally competitive polymer science teaching/research only in South Africa

- comprehensive undergrad and postgrad degrees in polymer science

- vocational training through Plastics Federation of SA- significant financial and logistic support through major SA companies (Sasol, Kansai Plascon, Mondi Mpact,

plastics conversion companies)

Thank you for your attention

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Analytical Polymer Science in Stellenbosch

Polymer Science Education – An (Southern) African Perspective Harald Pasch SASOL Chair of...

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