polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr...

42
POLYMER SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY I Prof. Dr. Menemşe GÜMÜŞDERELİOĞLU 2016

Transcript of polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr...

Page 1: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMER SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY I

Prof. Dr. Menemşe GÜMÜŞDERELİOĞLU2016

Page 2: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Billmeyers’ textbook Chem. Eng. News 58 (40), 29,1980

What do you think has been chemistry’s biggest contribution to science, to society?

Development of POLYMERIZATION is the biggest thing chemistry has done, where it has had the biggest effect on everyday life.

Page 3: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

DEFINITIONS POLYMER

POLY+MEROS (in Greek)

The word polymer means many parts or units. Polymers are chain-like structures. A polymer is a molecule made up of smaller

molecules that are joined together by chemical bonds, in general covalent bonds.

Page 4: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

ADVANTAGES OF POLYMERS

Wide variety

Easy processing

Lightness

Page 5: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

CLASSIFICATION Natural polymers (Cellulose, starch,

wool, cotton, chitin, etc.)

Semi-synthetic polymers (Cellulose nitrate, cellophane)

Synthetic polymers (Nylon, polyesters, polyethylene, etc.)

Page 6: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMERS Organic polymers

Inorganic polymers

Page 7: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMERS Chain polymers (Addition polymers)

Condensation polymers (step-growth polymers)

Page 8: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Chain Polymerization

Page 9: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Condensation Polymers

Page 10: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMERS

According to chain structure According to solid structure

Linear

Branched

Cross-linked

Amorph

Crystalline

Page 11: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMERS Thermoplastic

Thermoset

Page 12: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMERS Homopolymers Copolymers

RandomBlockAlternatingGraft

Terpolymers

Page 13: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

USES OF POLYMERS Packaging materials Textile materials Transportation Industrial materials Home furnishing Information technologies Medical devices Pharmaceutical applications, etc.

Page 14: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Synthetic Polymers

Page 15: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Natural polymers

Page 16: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov
Page 17: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

TISSUE ENGINEERING

Page 18: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE

Page 19: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMER SCIENCE 1920 Herman Staudinger, “Macromolecule hypothesis”

(1953 Nobel Award) 1937 Flory, mechanism of chain polymerization

(1974 Nobel Award) 1950 Karl Ziegler-Cuha Natta, stereospecific catalysts

(1963 Nobel Award)

Page 20: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMER TECHNOLOGY Before 1800 ; natural polymers 1839; Goodyear, vulcanization of natural

rubber 1868;Celluloid 1909; Baekeland phenolic resin.

First technological product. 1925-1940;Synthesis of chain polymers.

PVC, PMMA, PS, PE, PP, PAN, PVAc.

Page 21: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 1934; Carothers, Nylon and other condensation polymers 1955-1970; Silicon polymers, polyurethane etc. 1955-1970;Composites 1970-1990;Novel techniques in synthesis and processing 1990-2000;Sophisticated polymers:conductive polymers, degradable polymers.

Page 22: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

PROCESSING PLASTIC

FIBER

ELASTOMER

Page 23: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

PLASTIC TECHNOLOGYMonomer Polymer Resin

(liquid) (viscous liquid or solid) (Intermediate)

Plastic

Page 24: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

PLASTICS The word plastic comes from the

Greek PLASTIKOS, which means to form or mold.

Plastics are materials composed of polymers that can be readily formed or molded into a useful shape.

A resin is a polymer that has not yet been formed into its final useful shape.

Page 25: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

RESIN Intermediate World resin producers

DuPont, ICI, Exxon, Mobil, Hoechst, Shell, BASF, Allied Signal.Widely produced resinsPE, PP, PS, PVC, PC, Nylon, PU, Polyesters.

Page 26: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

PLASTIC TECHNOLOGY

Page 27: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

PLASTICS Commodity Plastics

PE, PE copolymers, PP, PVC, PS

Engineering PlasticsPolyamides, polyasetals, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, fluoropolymers

Page 28: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

NATURAL FIBERS Silk

Wool

Cotton

Page 29: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

SYNTHETIC FIBERS RAYON (Modified cellulose )

NYLON (Polyamide)

ACRYLICS

Page 30: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

ProcessingFiber Yarn Fabric

Natural Fiber Sourceor

Synthetic Polymer Resin(Chip)

Textiles for various applications

Fibers

YarnFabric

Page 31: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Synthetic Fiber ProductionInitially, polymer chips are melted or dissolved in order to get them ready for spinning process.

Melt Spinning Wet Spinning Dry Spinning

After Extruded

After Dissolving

Page 32: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Melt Spinning Molten polymer is pumped through spinnerets. Cold air is applied to filaments to solidify them. (Quench)

►Polyester ► Nylons ► Polypropylene

Advantages+ Easy Processing+ Economic+ High productivityDisadvantages- Spinneret clogging- Fiber breakdown

Page 33: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

NANOFIBERS in different morphologies

9 nmUltrafine Fibers Pore surface fibers Beaded fibers

Single Fiber Aligned Fibers Multi-Layer Alignment(0/+45/-45o)

Page 34: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

ELASTOMER TECHNOLOGY Elastomers are rubber-like materials.

SBRNBRSilicon rubberButyl rubber

Page 35: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS Polyasetilen

Polypyrol

Polyanilin

Polythiofen

Page 36: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov
Page 37: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov
Page 38: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Polymer Science and Technology I Introduction to Polymer Science: Definition; Classification; Historical Development; Uses; Prices; Raw Materials Polymer Structure; Binding; Configuration and Conformation; Molecular Weight. Polymer Synthesis: Step-Growth Polymerization and its Kinetics, Chain-Growth Polymerization, Free-Radical Polymerization and Copolymerization Kinetics; Ionic Polymerization Polymerization Techniques: Bulk; Solution; Suspension; Emulsion; Solid-state; Gas-phase and Plasma polymerizations. Special Topics in Polymer Synthesis; ATRP; Genetic Engineering, etc.

Page 39: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Polymer Science and Technology I Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions; Phase Equilibria Predictions of Solubilities Measurement of Molecular Weight: Osmometry; Light Scattering Methods; Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements; GPC. Solid State Properties: Crystalline State; Crystallization Kinetics; Thermal Transitions and Properties;Mechanical Properties Polymer Degradation and Environment Introduction to Polymer Rheology Polymer Processing: General Remarks about Plastic, Fiber and Elastomer Technologies.

Page 40: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Polymer Science and Technology II

--Molecular Weight and Determination--Introduction to Polymer Processing and RheologyPlastic TechnologyFiber Technology--Polymer Additives, Blends, Composites and Elastomers

--Polymer Degradation and Stability--Management of Plastics in the EnvironmentRecycling, incineration, biodegradation--HydrogelsStructural properties and synthesisApplications--Bulk Characterization of PolymersFTIR, ATR-FTIR, NMR, mechanical analysis, DSC, TGA and applications--Surface Characterization of PolymersESCA, SEM, AFM, and other techniques--Recent Advances in Polymerization Processes--Polymers for Advanced TechnologiesPolymeric membranes and separation processesBiomedical applicationsElectronic applications

Page 41: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Polymer Science and Technology II Thermoplastic Materials (Commodity Plastics)

Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polystyrene (PS) Thermoplastic Materials (Engineering Plastics)

Polyamides (PA), Fluoropolymers (PTFE, FEP), Cellulosics

Thermoset MaterialsPhenolics (PF), Epoxies (EP), Polyurethanes (PUR)

Elastomeric (Rubber) MaterialsThermoplastic Elastomers (EPM and EPDM), Silicones

Reactive Polymer Blends Compatibility of Polymer Blends Reactive Functional Compatibilizers Polyfunctional polymers and copolymers for nano- andbioengineering applications Turkish Polymer and Plastic Industry (Today and Tomorrow)

Page 42: polymer -science and technology - Hacettepe · 3ro\phu 6flhqfh dqg 7hfkqrorj\ , ,qwurgxfwlrq wr 3ro\phu 6flhqfh 'hilqlwlrq &odvvlilfdwlrq +lvwrulfdo 'hyhorsphqw 8vhv 3ulfhv 5dz 0dwhuldov

Polymer Science and Technology III Introduction to Polymer Technology Introduction to Polymer Processing Techniques Polymer Melt Flow Extrusion Injection Moulding Mould Design Other Processing Techniques Mechanical Behaviour of Plastics Recent Developments in Polymer Technology