Polymer Material
Transcript of Polymer Material
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COMMERCIAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS
431101 ENGINEERING MAT431101 ENGINEERING MAT
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COMMERCIAL POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Commodity plastics
F FF
PE, PP, PVC, PS etc.Specialty plastics
F F F
Engineering plastics
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Engineering plastics
F F
polyacetal , polyamide(Nylon ),PTFE , PC ,polyphenylene sulfide (PPS ),epoxy resins , phenolics
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Engineering plastics
F F
polyacetal , polyamide(Nylon ),PTFE , PC ,polyphenylene sulfide (PPS ),epoxy resins , phenolics
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Engineering plastics
F F
polyacetal , polyamide(Nylon ),PTFE , PC ,polyphenylene sulfide (PPS ),epoxy resins , phenolics
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BIOPLASTICS
F
F 3 1. F (starch-based plastics)
- Poly- L- lactic acid (PLLA), Polyglycolic a
- - F F
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2. F (bacteria-based plastics)- Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), Polhydroxybu(PHB)
- F
- F
BIOPLASTICS
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F (soy-based plastics)- 40-55
- F
- F F
BIOPLASTICS
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F
THERMOPLASTICSTHERMOSET
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- Polyethylene (PE)
* High d ensity PE (HDPE )* Low d ensity PE (LDPE )
* Linear low d ensity PE (LLDPE )
* Ultra h igh m olecular weight PE (UHMWPE )
- Polypropylene (PP)- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- Polyamide 6,6 (Nylon 6,6)
F THERMOPLASTICSTHERMOPLASTICS (( ))
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POLYETHYLENE (PE)
[CH 2 - CH 2]n
HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)
LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE )
LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE)
density > 0.94 g/cm 3
density < 0.916 g/cm 3
density = 0.916 - 0.940 g/cm 3
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HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLE
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• LDPE Homopolymer•
F F F F ( ), , F F F , ,
F • F ( Air bubble sheet ) F
F F F, F F F F
F F , (Green house )
LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLE
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• LDPE COPOLYMER Ethylene Viny
(VA) VA •
•
• , , , F F F
F•
LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLEN
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Low density polyethylene - Carrierbags and bin liners.
LDPE
Polyvinyl chloride - Food trays, clingfilm, bottles for squash, mineral waterand shampoo.
PVC
High-density polyethylene - Bottles for
milk and washing-up liquids.
HDPE
Polyethylene terephthalate - Fizzy drinkbottles and oven-ready meal trays.
PET
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Any other plastics that do not fall intoany of the above categories. - Anexample is melamine, which is oftenused in plastic plates and cups.
OTHER
Polystyrene - Yoghurt pots, foam meat orfish trays, hamburger boxes and eggcartons, vending cups, plastic cutlery,
protective packaging for electronicgoods and toys.
PS
Polypropylene - Margarine tubs,microwaveable meal trays.
PP
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-
Epoxy resins- Melamine resins- Rubber ( ) Natural rubber (
)
THERMOSETS ( )
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Exhaust gas recirculation on
GDI engines(Aramid, BASF)
Oil module housing inthe new 2.0 litre four-cylinder FSIdirect-injection petrol engine ofVolkswagen and Audi (Polyamide)
AUTOMOTIVESAUTOMOTIVES
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Automotive brake booster valve body[Glass fiber reinforced
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)]
“Bi-Xenon” reflector headlamp housingfor Volvo S-80, S-60, V-70 and XC-90
models (high performance polyamide)
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Chasis: Epoxy vinyl ester resin
Front and rear: PP,reaction moldable resin
Body panel: PC/ABS, reactionmoldable resin
Truck box: Epoxy vinyl ester resin
Exterior trim: PC, PP, ABS, PC/ABS
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Instrument panel: PC/ABS, PP, ABS
Molding and trim: ABS, PC, PP Steering wheel: polyurethane foam
Door panel: PP, ABS
Tyres: NR, SBR, etc.
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Long glass fiber filled PP
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Hot runner system (injection molding)
for door trim panel (PP) for Renault Me’gane
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CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
EPDM coated roofing
(Denver International Airport)
PVC roofing(Conseco Fieldhouse)
EPDM coated AcryliTop(Louisiana Superdome)
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“A” shaped GRP (Kevlar aramid fibers sheathed in LDPE)(Aberfeldy footbridge, Scotland)
Glass epoxy rod
(upgrading Manitoba bridge)
FRP composite
(Bridge deck,Illinois)
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, : Polyurethane
:
F : PP
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F: PE, PB
: PE, PP, PVC, etc.
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F: Polyurethane
: Acrylics
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HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)
[CH2 - CH2]n
Properties
- density > 0.94 g/cm 3 - stiff
- good low temperature properties - tough
- good environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR)
Applications
- blow molded containers
- injection molded parts
- extruded pipes and profiles
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LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)
Properties
- d < 0.916 g/cm 3 - crystallinity ~ 30-40%
- chemically inert - high clarity - sealability- ease of processing - good barrier properties
Applications
- clarity film packaging- disposable diapers
- agricultural film
- coatings e.g. milk carton, food packaging, tapes, wire & cable
[CH2 - CH 2]n
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LINEAR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LLDPE)
Properties
- d = 0.916 - 0.940 g/cm 3 - high strength
- high ESCR - high toughness
Applications
- blown & cast film for stretch cling (wrap) - grocery bags- heavy-duty shipping sacks - diaper liners
- injection molding lids - rotomold drums
- geomembrane (large extruded sheet-liners for landfills and waste pond)
ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
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ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE)(MW > 3 millions !!!)
Properties- Not melt, processed by metal processing procedures e.g.
compression molding or ram extrusion
- fine powder - unsurpassed wear resistance, toughness
- chemically inert - low friction coefficient
Applications
- handling, chemical pump parts- feed screws
- textile and other machinery constuction
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POLYPROPYLENE (PP)
[CH2 - CH] nCH3
Properties
- d = 0.90 - 0.91 g/cm 3 - Tg ~ -20 oC , Tm ~ 160 oC
- excellent chemical resistance - superior ESCR
- good flowability / processability
Applications
- fibers (apparel, diaper, carpet etc.)
- films (packaging for cigarettes, candies etc.)
- coating (insulation in telephone cable)
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POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)[CH2 - CH]
nCl
Properties- d = 0.90 - 0.91 g/cm 3 - T g ~ 7 0 oC
- excellent chemical resistance - superior ESCR
- good flowability / processabilityApplications
- heavy-walled pressure pipe
- thin crystal clear food packaging
- window profile
- artificial leather (plasticized PVC)
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POLYAMIDE 6,6 (NYLON 6,6)
[HN - C - (CH 2) 4- C - NH - (CH 2)6] =
O =
O
n
Properties
- d ~ 1.14 g/cm 3 - T g ~ 5 0 oC
- max. service temperature = 120 oC - good chemical resistance
- high strength/good mechanical properties
Applications
- automotive tubing/lines, gas tanks
- impellers/propellers
- fibers: tire cord, tennis string etc.
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EPOXY RESINS
CH 2-CHCH 2-[-O- -C- -CH 2-CH-CH 2-]-O- -C- -OCH 2CH-CH 2
CH 3
CH 3 CH 3
CH3
O O
OH
n
H2N-R-NH 2
+
N-R-N
CH 2-CH-
CH 2
CH2-CH-CH2
CH2-CH-
CH2
CH 2-CH-CH 2
OH OH
OH OH
* Note: Structure above is typically used epoxy resins.
Network structure( F )
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EPOXY RESINS
Properties
- high toughness
- outstanding adhesion to many substances
- good chemical/corrosion resistance
- good mechanical/electrical properties
Applications
- coatings: automotive primer coatings
- structural: military tanks,
aircraft wing skins,pipe in the oil gas industries, circuit board substrate
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NATURAL RUBBER (NR)
Properties- high tensile strength
- good electrical insulation
- good resistance to abrasion, tear and fatigue
Applications
- large tires, vibration mounts, conveyor belts, seals, etc.
cis- 1,4-Polyisoprene
H2C
H3C
CH 2
H
C = C
n