Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San...
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Transcript of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San...
![Page 1: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether
(PBDE)
Flame Retardants in San
Francisco Bay
Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D.
San Francisco Estuary Institute
![Page 2: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PBDEs are HOT contaminants!
![Page 3: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PBDEs are HOT contaminants!
•Persistent: long lived in the environment
![Page 4: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PBDEs are HOT contaminants!
•Persistent: long lived in the environment
•Bioaccumulative: transport through food
webs
![Page 5: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PBDEs are HOT contaminants!
•Persistent: long lived in the environment
•Bioaccumulative: transport through food
webs
•Dispersed: world-wide contamination in
humans, animals, our food sources and
environment
![Page 6: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PBDEs are HOT contaminants!
•Persistent: long lived in the environment
•Bioaccumulative: transport through food
webs
•Dispersed: world-wide contamination in
humans, animals, our food sources and
environment
•Endocrine disruptors: target the thyroid
![Page 7: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
O
Br
Br
Br
Br O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
O
BrBr
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
PBDE Commercial Mixtures and Major Congeners
BDE-47 BDE-99
BDE-209
BDE-100
BDE-183
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
BDE-154
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
BDE-153
O
BrBr
Br
Br Br
Br Br
Br
BrBr
Penta
Octa Deca
![Page 8: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PBDEs Banned in California
•Ban on Penta and Octa mixtures, but not Deca, will be in effect on June 1, 2006
•The ban might not be very effective at decreasing environmental PBDE concentrations
North America use of PBDEs: Deca (75%),
Penta (21%) and Octa (4%) of total mass
Deca degrades to lower molecular weight PBDE congeners
![Page 9: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Distribution of PBDEs in SF Bay Water 2002
PBDEs range 3-513 pg/L
Source: RMP
![Page 10: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
PBDEs range 0.2-212 ng/g dry wt
Distribution of PBDEs in SF Bay Sediments 2002
Source: RMP
![Page 11: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PBDEs range (dry wt)Mussels 13-47 ng/gOysters 9-64 ng/gClams 85-106 ng/g
Distributions of PBDEs in SF Bay Bivalves 2002
Source: RMP
![Page 12: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Distributions of PBDEs in SF Bay Bivalves 2001-2003
0
30
60
90
120
Clams Oysters Mussels
Bivalve
Mea
n T
ota
l PB
DE
s (n
g/g
dry
wt)
2001
2002
2003
Source: RMP
![Page 13: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Jacksmelt LeopardShark
WhiteCroaker
Surfperch StripedBass
Halibut
Mea
n To
tal P
BD
Es
(ng/
g lip
id)
1997
2002
Distributions of PBDEs in SF Bay Fish 1997 and 2002
Source: EWG, 2003
![Page 14: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Distributions of PBDEs in SF Bay Tern Eggs. Forester’s tern eggs showed the highest ever reported PBDE levels in wildlife = 63 ppm
Source: She et al., 2004
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
LeastTern
CaspianTern
Forster'sTern
Mea
n T
ota
l PB
DE
s (n
g/g
lip
id)
Least Tern
Caspian Tern
Forster's Tern
![Page 15: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Current work in the Bay
PBDE Conceptual Model and Impairment Assessment funded by RMP and CEP
•Identify PBDE Sources
•Estimate PBDE Loading
•Assess Extent of Bay Impairment from
PBDEs
![Page 16: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Major Sources of PBDEs to the Environment
• Wastewater effluents
• Sludge disposal
• Volatilization from commercial
products
• Burning of disposed commercial
products
Other Suspected Sources
• Atmospheric deposition (e.g., autofluff
piles)
• Tributary inflow (stormwater runoff)
![Page 17: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Like PCBs, the PBDEs in Guadalupe River are strongly associated with suspended sediments
Source: RMP
![Page 18: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
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Nu
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er o
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on
gen
ers
Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
![Page 19: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
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0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
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To
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Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
![Page 20: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
0
5
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15
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30
35
40
45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
tal
Nu
mb
er o
f C
on
gen
ers
Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
7-10 Br Atoms
![Page 21: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0
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30
35
40
45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
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Nu
mb
er o
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on
gen
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Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
BDE-209 is not detected at 30 min7-9 Br Atoms
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
7-10 Br Atoms
![Page 22: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
tal
Nu
mb
er o
f C
on
gen
ers
Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
BDE-209 is not detected at 30 min
5-8 Br Atoms
7-9 Br Atoms
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
7-10 Br Atoms
![Page 23: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
tal
Nu
mb
er o
f C
on
gen
ers
Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
BDE-209 is not detected at 30 min
4-7 Br Atoms
5-8 Br Atoms
7-9 Br Atoms
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
7-10 Br Atoms
![Page 24: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
0
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20
25
30
35
40
45
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Time (min)
To
tal
Nu
mb
er o
f C
on
gen
ers
Sunlight degrades BDE-209 to lower molecular weight congeners (Source: Bezares-
Cruz et al., 2004).
BDE-209 is not detected at 30 min
3-7 Br Atoms4-7 Br Atoms
5-8 Br Atoms
7-9 Br Atoms
9-10 Br Atoms10 Br Atoms (BDE-209)
7-10 Br Atoms
![Page 25: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Closing
•The Bay Area appears to be a “Hot Spot” for PBDEs
•The CA ban on Penta and Octa, but not Deca, might not result in an immediate and significant decrease in environmental PBDE levels
•Water and sediment quality criteria have not yet been developed for PBDEs, but they are coming.
![Page 26: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Flame Retardants in San Francisco Bay Daniel R. Oros, Ph.D. San Francisco Estuary Institute.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062404/5514da1c55034693478b5416/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Acknowledgements
•RMP
•AXYS Analytical Services Ltd
•East Bay Municipal Utility District
•CA Dept of Fish and Game
•SFEI