CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I,

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PROF. alexis f. medina

STUDY GUIDE & PERSONAL REVIEWER INPOLITICAL LAW REVIEW 1Briefly explain, differentiate or enumerate.(Answers Must Be In Your Own Handwriting)

FOR MASTERY OF CONSTITUTIONAL TEXTArticle I, National Territory1. What comprises the national territory under the 1987 Constitution?

2. How is the archipelagic doctrine expressed in the Constitution?Article V, Suffrage

3. Who may exercise the right to suffrage?

4. How may overseas Filipinos exercise their right to suffrage?Article VI, The Legislative Department

5. In whom is legislative power vested?

6. Explain the privilege from arrest of Senators and members of Congress.7. For what activities shall members of Congress be not held liable?

8. What are the prohibitions on members of Congress in relation to holding or being appointed to other offices?

9. What are the prohibitions on members of Congress with respect to the practice of profession or pursuit of his business?

10. What is required for each house to be able to conduct its business?11. What are the powers of each house with respect to its own members?

12. Who shall be the sole judge of all contests relating to the election, returns and qualifications of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives?

13. What are the limitations to Congress power of inquiry?

14. When may heads of departments appear before the Senate or House and be heard on matters pertaining to their departments? 15. Who has the power to declare the existence of a state of war?

16. What may Congress authorize the President to do in case of war or other national emergency?

17. What kinds of bills shall originate exclusively in the House of Representatives?

18. Under Section 25, Article VI, what are the limitations on the power of Congress to pass appropriation bills?

19. Under Section 26, Article VI, what are the limitations on the power of Congress to pass bills in general?

20. How does a bill passed by Congress become a law?

21. What is the Presidents so-called veto power?

22. How can Congress override this?

23. What is the power of the President with respect to appropriations, revenue or tariff bills?

24. Under Section 28, Article VI, what are the limitations on Congress power to tax?

25. What are the limitations on the Congress power to spend public funds?

Article VII, The Executive Branch26. In whom is executive power vested?

27. What are the qualifications to be elected President?

28. Who has the responsibility for the canvassing of the election returns for President and Vice President?

29. Give the instances when the Vice President shall serve as President.

30. Give a constitutionally provided power of the Vice President.

31. How does the Constitution prevent nepotism by the President in the exercise of his appointingpowers?

32. What are the categories of officials who are subject to the appointing power of the President?

33. Who else may have the power to appoint, other than the President?

34. State the prohibition on the President, Vice President, Members of the Cabinet and their deputies with respect to the holding of other offices, exercise of profession and pursuit of business?

35. When may the President exercise his calling out powers as Commander in Chief of the armed forces?

36. What are the requisites for the exercise by the President of his power to declare martial law or suspend the privilege of writ of habeas corpus?

37. What is the power of the Supreme Court with respect to such suspension or declaration?

38. What is the effect of a declaration of martial law?

39. What are the limitations to the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus by the President?40. In summary, what are the limitations on the powers of the President to declare martial law?

41. What are the limitations on the Presidents power to contract or guarantee loans?

Article VIII, The Judicial Department42. In whom is judicial power vested?

43. What is judicial power under the 1987 Constitution?44. What are the limitations on the power of Congress to make appropriations for the judiciary?

45. What is the power of Congress with respect to jurisdiction of courts?

46. What are the powers of the Supreme Court?

47. State the rule-making power of the Supreme Court

48. What is the constitutional requirement for decisions rendered by the courts?

49. What is the function of the Judicial and Bar Council?50. Give the safeguards embodied in the Constitution to ensure the independence of the judiciaryArticle VI, ARTICLE VII, ARTICLE VIII,

Separation of Powers/Checks & Balances51. What are the ways by which Congress can check the exercise of power by the President? Briefly explain each.

52. What are the ways by which Congress can check the exercise of power by the Judiciary. Briefly explain each.

53. What are the ways by which the President can check the exercise of power by Congress. Briefly explain.

54. What are the ways by which the President can check the exercise of power by the Judiciary? Briefly explain.Article IX, Constitutional Commissions55. What are the Constitutional Commissions?56. What are the safeguards to ensure the independence of constitutional commissions?

57. What are the powers of the Civil Service Commission?58. What are covered by the civil service?

59. What are the criteria for appointments in the civil service?

60. What are the only valid causes for removal or suspension of employees or officers in the civil service?

61. Do government employees have the right to form unions? Why?

62. What is the prohibition on appointment of losing election candidates?

63. What is the prohibition on elective officials with respect to their appointment to other public offices?

64. What is the prohibition on appointive officials with respect to holding any other office in government? What are the exceptions?

65. What is the rule on double compensation?

66. What are the powers of the Commission on Audit?

67. What matters are within the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Commission on Elections?

68. What is the power of the Comelec with respect to the enjoyment and utilization of all franchises or permits for the operation of transportation and other public utilities, or media of communications?

69. What is the specific power of the Commission on Audit with respect to the examination and auditing of funds of the government?

Article X, Local Government

70. What are the territorial and political subdivisions of the Philippines?

71. What is the most basic right of local governments?72. What is the role of the President with respect to local governments?

73. What is the extent of the taxing power of local governments?

74. To whom should these local taxes, fees and charges accrue?

75. What is the requirement for the creation, division, merger, or abolition of a province, city, municipality or barangay?Article XI, Accountability of Public Officers

76. What is the basic character of a public office? What does this mean?

77. Which of these categories required confirmation by the Commission on Appointments?

78. Who may be removed from office by impeachment?

79. What are the grounds for impeachment?

80. How is the process of impeachment initiated?

81. Outline the entire impeachment process.

82. When is a public officer considered impeached?

83. What is the extent of judgments in cases of impeachment?Article XII, National Economy & Patrimony

84. State the Regalian Doctrine under the 1987 Constitution.

85. State the rule on the exploration, development and utilization of natural resources?

86. State the rule of preference on the grant of rights, privileges and concessions covering the national economy and patrimony.

87. State the limitations on the grant of franchise for the operation of a public utility.

88. When may the State temporarily take over a privately owned public utility or business affected with public interest?

89. What are the limitations in incurring foreign loans?90. What is the rule on the practice of profession?91. How may the State regulate the formation of private corporations?

92. What is the policy of the State with respect to monopolies, restraint of trade and unfair competition?

Article XIII, Social Justice and Human Rights93. What is the primary function of the Commission on Human Rights?

Article XIV, Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports

94. What is the obligation of the State with respect to the maintenance of a free public education system?

95. Under what conditions may the government allow religion to be taught to children in public elementary and high schools?

96. Who are allowed to own educational institutions?

97. Who are allowed to control and administer educational institutions?

98. State the prohibition on the establishment of schools for aliens?

99. What is academic freedom?

Article XVI, General Provisions100. What are the prohibitions on members of the military with respect to elections?

101. What are the prohibitions on members of the military with respect to appointment to other public office?

102. What are the limitations in the ownership of mass media?

103. What are the prohibitions on the ownership and management of persons or corporation in the advertising industry?Article XVII, Amendments and Revisions

104. How may amendments to the Constitution be proposed?

105. How may revisions to the Constitution be proposed?

106. How may a constitutional convention be called?

107. When will an amendment or revision of the Constitution be valid?

Article XVIII, Transitory Provisions108. What are the requirements for foreign military bases, troops, or facilities to be allowed in the Philippines?

FOR MASTERY OF CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES & DOCTRINES

Define, briefly explain, differentiate or enumerate.Political Law Introduction

1. Political Law 2. Effect of change in sovereignty to political laws

3. State 4. Elements of a state5. Meaning of sovereignty

6. Dominium

7. Imperium

8. Distinguish a de facto from a de jure government

9. Distinguish a presidential system from a parliamentary system

The Constitution in General

10. Constitution defined 11. Parts of a written constitution

12. Doctrine of constitutional supremacy

13. Self-executing and non-self-executing provisions of the Constitution14. What are the two essential elements for a petition to be considered valid under Sec. 2, Article XVII of the Constitution on amendments directly proposed by the people through initiative? How can these elements be met?

15. What is the difference between amendment and revision of the Constitution?

16. May amendments to the Constitution be proposed directly by the people through an initiative petition? Why?

17. Is the system of initiative on the Constitution under the Constitution self-executory? Why?

18. May the people directly propose amendments to the Constitution through the system of initiative? Why?State Principles and Policies

19. What is a republican state?

20. Why is the Philippine state considered a democratic state? State your constitutional basis.

21. What is the policy of the Philippine State with respect to war?

22. In what ways is the separation of Church and State ensured under the Constitution?

23. May Congress legalize abortion? Give your legal basis?

24. What is the Constitutional policy on nuclear weapons?

25. What is the policy of the Philippine State with regard to political dynasties?26. What is the policy of the Philippine State with regard to disclosure of government transactions?

National Territory

27. Archipelagic doctrine28. What are the specific islands or territories included in the phrase Philippine archipelago?

29. What are the territories included in all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction?

30. What is the so-called baseline method?

31. Does the Philippines conform to the archipelagic concept under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea?

32. What are the territories included in all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction?

State immunity from suit

33. Meaning of State immunity from suit34. What suits are considered a suit against a state

35. May officers of the government who exceeds the power conferred upon them by law hide under the principle of sovereign immunity from suit? Why?

36. May the courts review the determination of the Department of Foreign Affairs that a State or a diplomatic official is entitled to a sovereign or diplomatic immunity from suit?

37. How state consent to be sued is given

38. How is express consent to be sued given?39. How is implied consented to be sued given?40. Are all contracts entered into by the government considered as waiver of its immunity from suit? Why?

41. Suability vs. Liability

42. Consent to be sued vs. consent to execution

43. May the courts issue writs of execution against the government? Why?

44. How must enforcement or satisfaction of a judgment against the State be pursued?

STRUCTURE AND POWERS OF GOVERNMENT

Principles & Policies of the Philippine State

45. How is the principle of People Power reflected in the 1987 Constitution?

46. Republicanism

47. Civilian supremacy over the military

48. Does the deployment of the military for civilian law enforcement necessarily constitute a violation of the civilian supremacy clause? Why?49. What are generally accepted principles of international law? Give examples?50. How is the principle of separation of Church and State ensured under the 1987 Constitution?

51. What are the exceptions to the principle of separation of Church and State under the 1987 Constitution?

52. Protection for the life of the unborn

53. Intergenerational responsibility

54. Meaning of social justice

Structure of Government in General

55. Separation of Powers

56. Blending of powers

57. What is the meaning of judicial supremacy?58. Power of judicial review in general59. Requisites for judicial review

60. What is the case or controversy requirement in the exercise of judicial review?

61. What is the meaning of ripeness requirement in the exercise of judicial review

62. Moot and academic principle

63. Locus standi

64. When does a taxpayer, legislator, voter or citizen have locus standi?

65. Direct injury test66. What is the meaning of redressability as a requirement of judicial review?

67. What is the meaning of causation as a requirement of judicial review?68. May the unborn have standing to sue in court? Why?69. Doctrine of transcendental importance 70. Meaning of earliest opportunity

71. Meaning of lis mota requirement72. What is the reason behind the lis mota requirement?

73. Judicial restraint

74. Political questions

75. May the courts supplant the executive? Why?

76. Can courts pass upon the wisdom and soundness of an executive decision? Why not?

77. Examples of political questions based on jurisprudence

78. EDSA People Power I v. EDSA People Power II

79. Status of an unconstitutional law

80. Doctrine of operative fact

The Legislative Branch

81. Legislative power

82. In whom is legislative power vested?83. Limitation on legislative power: Passage of irrepealable laws

84. Limitation on legislative power: Non-delegation

85. Delegation of legislative power: Requisites for validity

86. Composition of the House of Representatives87. How are legislative districts apportioned? How can they be reapportioned?88. Parameters of Philippine-style party list elections

89. How party list seats are to be filled up

90. May Congress impose additional qualifications for membership in Congress? Why?91. Privilege of Speech or Debate

92. When is a speech or debate of a Member of Congress considered privileged?

93. Privilege from Arrest

94. May Congress compel the attendance of one of its absent members if the latter is confined for being charged with a crime punishable by imprisonment of more than six years? Why?

95. What are the alternatives for Congress Bicameral Conference Committee in terms of harmonizing bills from both Houses?

96. Amendment by Substitution

97. Basis and concept of congressional oversight98. What is a legislative veto? Is it valid? 99. Does the House of Representatives on its own validly exercise legislative power?

100. What are the two basic steps required before a bill becomes a law?

101. May Congress empower itself to approve the implementing rules of a law, after a law has already taken effect? Why?

102. Power of inquiry

103. What power is included in the power of inquiry?

104. Power of inquiry v. Legislative power105. What are the limitations to the power of Congress to conduct legislative inquires?

106. Inquiry in aid of legislation v. Question hour

107. What is the difference between the power of inquiry of Congress and the right of the people to information on matters of public concern?

108. What is the remedy of Congress in case the President refuses to allow members of the military to appear before Congressional inquiries?

109. Enrolled Bill doctrine

110. Power of the Supreme Court to invalidate acts of non-compliance to internal rules of Congress

111. Rider

112. Germaneness test

113. Veto of a provision v. veto of an item114. What is an inappropriate provision?115. May courts of law review a budget passed by Congress to determine if such budget is reasonable or sufficient? Why?

116. What is the power of Congress with respect in relation to the power of the President to appoint?

117. In prescribing qualifications for Presidential appointees, what is the limit to the power of Congress?118. Can Congress make a law effective immediately upon approval, even before or without previous publication? Why?

The Executive Branch

119. Executive power

120. Presidential immunity

121. Presidential privileges

122. Nepotism rule

123. Power of control

124. What is the extent of the Presidents power of control?

125. Power of control v. Power of supervision

126. Doctrine of qualified political agency

127. Legal bases of the power of the president to reorganize the Executive branch128. May the President reorganize the entire national government?

129. Power of appointment

130. In whom may Congress vest the power to appoint lower ranked officers?

131. Is the Presidents power to appoint subject to legislative limitations?

132. May Congress pass a law that puts a government office in the Executive Branch outside the control power of the President? Why?

133. Ad interim appointment v. Acting appointment

134. May an ad interim appointee disapproved by the Commission on Appointments be extended a new appointment?

135. What is the difference between a disapproved and a by-passed ad interim appointment?

136. Midnight appointments

137. Power of removal

138. Limitations on the power of removal

139. Does the President have the power to restrict the speech of members of the Armed Forces? Why?

140. Does the President have the power to restrict the mobility of members of the Armed Forces? Why?

141. Why does the President have the power to prevent a member of the Armed Forces from testifying before a legislative inquiry?

142. Veto power

143. Distinguish the power of the President to veto a bill and his power to veto a particular item in an appropriation bill

144. The Presidents Ordinance power

145. Power of general supervision over local governments

146. Supervision defined

147. Presidents power to investigate and discipline local government officials

148. Who is the sole organ of the State in external relations?

149. Treaty-making power of the President

150. Explain the nature of the act of ratification of a treaty.

151. What is the limitation to this power?

152. Power of the President to declare a national emergency vs. Exercise of emergency powers

153. What are the powers of the President which may not be delegated to or exercised by an agent or alter ego of the President?

154. May the Presidents borrowing power be exercised by his or her alter ego, the Secretary of Finance? Why?155. Is the exercise of judicial review meant to supplant the Executive?

156. What is the extent of the Presidents power to reorganize executive departments, bureaus and offices?

157. Residual powers

158. Are the powers of the President limited only to the specific powers enumerated in the Constitution? Why?

159. Please explain the power of the president to keep the peace?

160. Presidential immunity from suit

161. Scope of presidential immunity from suit162. Executive privilege

163. Varieties of executive privilege

164. Presidential communications privilege

165. Doctrine of operational proximity

166. What are the elements of the so-called presidential communications privilege?

167. Are communications within the executive privilege absolutely protected by the Constitution? Explain.

168. What must be shown to overcome this privilege?

169. Is executive privilege a bar to the possible disclosure of crime or wrongdoing?

170. How should the claim of executive privilege be invoked?

171. What are required of the Congressional committee conducting a legislative inquiry when inviting a person to appear before it?

172. Are executive officials exempt from the duty to disclose information by the mere fact of being executive officials? Why?

173. How may executive officials exempt themselves from the exercise by Congress of its power of inquiry? Why?

174. Who has the power to invoke executive privilege?

175. May the President require that all executive officials to seek prior consent before attending a legislative inquiry?

176. What should be given to officials summoned by Congress on matter which might covered by executive privilege?

177. What is the presumption with respect to presidential communications?

178. What is the nature of the power of the President to enter into executive agreements or to secure foreign loans?

179. Who are the officers covered by the doctrine of operation proximity?

180. How should the Congress overturn this presumption?

181. Is the final text of an international agreement privileged? Why?

182. Are the offers exchanged by the parties during the negotiations toward an international agreement privileged? Why?

183. What is the character of the diplomatic negotiations privilege?

184. How can the presumption of the privileged character of diplomatic negotiations be overcome?185. Distinguish pardon from amnesty

The Judiciary

186. Judicial power under the 1987 Constitution

187. Judicial power as a duty

188. Judicial restraint

189. Fiscal autonomy

190. What can the Supreme Court specifically do because of its fiscal autonomy

191. Automatic release of appropriations defined

192. What should be given to entities vested with fiscal autonomy in terms of their appropriations?

193. Is a revenue shortfall a valid justification to withhold the release of funds of these Constitutional bodies?

194. Administrative supervision of the Supreme Court

195. Rule-making power of the Supreme Court

196. Why rule-making is now an exclusive power of the Supreme Court

197. Power of the Supreme Court to control the execution of its decision as an essential aspect of jurisdiction

198. Decision-making process in the Supreme Court199. What vote is required for the Supreme Court modify a doctrine of law set down in a case decided by the Supreme Court?PUBLIC OFFICERS 200. How are public offices created?

201. Is a public office property?

202. Who are public officers?

203. Who has the power to prescribe qualifications for public office?

204. What are the modes of acquiring title to public office?205. What is the meaning of appointment?

206. Appointment v. designation

207. What is the basic nature of the power to appoint?208. What are the modes and kinds of appointment?

209. What are the eligigility and qualification requirements for specific public offices?

210. What are the disabilities and inhibitions of specific public officers?

211. What are the requirements for a valid appointment to the civil service?

212. What is the role of the Civil Service Commission with regard to the appointment process?

213. Who are career and non-career officers of the civil service?

214. What are the steps in the appointment process?

215. When is an appointment considered complete?

216. May an appointment be revoked or recalled? How?

217. Permanent v. Temporary appointment

218. Holder-over concept

219. State the nepotism rule under the Administrative Code

220. State the nepotism rule under the Local Government Code

221. State the nepotism rule under the Constitution

222. What are primarily confidential positions?

223. Next-in-rank rule

224. What are the requirement for appointment to the Career Executive Service?

225. What is the meaning of security of tenure of those in the CES?226. What is the basic remedy to question the right of a person to hold an appointive or elective office?

227. May title to public office be attacked collaterally?228. What are the powers and duties of public officers in general?

229. What are the liabilities of public officers?

230. What ar the rights of public officers

231. Preventive suspension and back salaries

232. Illegal dismissal, reinstatement and back salaries

233. Immunity of public officers

234. De facto officers 235. Are de facto officers entitled to salaries?

236. May salaries of public officers be garnished?

237. State the constitutional restriction on double compensation238. Termination of Official Relation

239. Scope of civil service

240. Criterion for appointment and mode of selection

241. Accountability public officers 242. State the prohibition against partisan political activity

243. May civil servants engage in a strike?

244. What is the meaning of security of tenure?

245. Who are covered by security of tenure?

246. Give examples of personnel actions that amounts to illegal dismissal.

247. What is the jurisdiction of the Civil Service Commission with regard to disciplinary actions against members of the civil service?

248. What is the extent of the disciplinary powers of the President with respect to appointive officials?

249. What is the extent of the disciplinary powers of the President with respect to local officials?

250. What are specific grounds for removal or suspension in the civil service?

251. Who may impose preventive suspensions of public officers?

252. When is reinstatement with backwages allowed?

253. Is preventive suspension without pay allowed? Briefly explain.

254. What is the limitation on the power to reorganize or abolish public offices?

255. When is a reorganization or abolition of office in bad faith?

256. When is there an abandonment of office?

257. What is the liability of public officers for unexplained wealth?

258. When may a public officer be liable for the acts of his subordinates?259. Impeachment

260. Powers of the Ombudsman

261. Judicial review of Ombudsman proceedings and resolutionsadministrative law262. How are administrative agencies created?263. Powers of administrative agencies in general

264. Meaning Quasi-Legislative (Rule Making) power

265. Kinds of administrative rules and regulations

266. Requisites for validity 267. Publication: when and when not required268. Quasi-judicial (Adjudicatory) power

269. Meaning and requirement of administrative due process\270. Administrative appeal and review

271. Administrative res judicata

272. Explain the fact-finding, investigative, licensing and rate-fixing powers of administrative agencies273. Are notice and hearing required for the issuance of an administrative rule? Briefly explain.

274. Are notice and hearing required for the issuance of a decision or resolution in the exercise of adjudicative functions? Briefly explain.275. What are the judicial recourses, remedies or modes of review of the exercise of quasi-legislative powers of an administrative agency?

276. What are the judicial recourses, remedies or modes of review of the exercise of quasi-judicial powers of an administrative agency?277. Doctrine of primary administrative jurisdiction

278. Doctrine of exhaustion of administrative remedies

279. Exceptions to the doctrine of exhaustion

280. Doctrine of finality of administrative action 281. Power of administrative agencies to cite for contempt: when and when not available

ELECTION LAW282. Meaning of suffrage283. Initiative

284. Referendum

285. Plebiscite

Who may elect

286. Who may exercise this right: Qualification and disqualification of Voters

287. May the law require the registration of voters as a requisite to vote? Why?288. Who has jurisdiction over inclusion and exclusion proceedings 289. May dual citizens vote in Philippine elections?

Who may be elected

290. Qualification of individual candidates

291. Residency, meaning and elements

292. Change of residency: requisites

293. Disqualifications of individual candidates under the Constitution

294. Disqualification of individual candidates under statutes295. Qualification and disqualification of party list candidates

296. Qualification and disqualification of party list nominees

Other actors in the election process

297. State the powers of the Commission on Elections under the Constitution.298. What are the conditions for the Comelec to exercise its power to regulate the media or public utilities?299. May the Comelec compel newspapers to give free print space to candidates to ensure equal opportunities during elections? Briefly explain.

300. May the Comelec prevent the publication of surveys of voter preference during the election period? Briefly explain.

301. What are the prohibitions on members of the armed forces and the civil service during elections?

302. May the Comelec ban the media from conduct and publication of exit polls on elections? Why?

303. May the Comelec ban the conduct of election surveys? Why?

The electoral process

304. Election period 305. Effect of filing on appointive and elective officers

306. Substitution of candidates 307. Withdrawal of candidates308. Nuisance candidates

309. Petition to Deny or Cancel Certificates of Candidacy 310. Give the various grounds for disqualification under the Omnibus Election Code.311. Effect of Disqualification 312. Distinguish: disqualification v. cancellation of certificate of candidacy313. Prohibited acts during campaign314. Prohibited contributions

315. Limitations on campaign expenses

316. Statements of contributions and expenses

317. Premature campaigning, is it illegal? Briefly explain.318. Powers of the board of canvassers in general319. Explain the duty of the Board of Canvassers to proclaim the winner.

320. Doctrine of statistical improbability

Remedies in election law

321. Petition Not to Give Due Course to Certificate of Candidacy: When can it be filed and on what ground/s

322. Petition to Declare Failure of Elections: When can it be filed and on what ground/s 323. Pre-Proclamation Controversy: When can it be filed and on what ground/s 324. What are manifest errors?

325. What are the grounds to declare failure of elections?326. Election Protest: When can it be filed and on what ground/s 327. Quo Warranto: When can it be filed and on what ground/s 328. Election protest v. quo warranto329. Who may prosecute individuals for election offenses 330. Outline the jurisdiction of various courts/tribunals in election controversieslocal governments

331. Public corporations v. Government-Owned or Controlled Corporations 332. Classifications of public corporations

333. Elements of municipal corporations

334. Nature and function of municipal corporations335. Requisites for Creation, Conversion, Division, Merger or Dissolution 336. Meaning of local autonomy

337. Meaning of fiscal autonomy

338. Extent and limitation of LGUs taxing power

339. Exent and limitation of LGUs eminent domain power

340. Extent and limitation of LGUs police power341. Extent and limitation of power to close and open roads

342. Extent and limitation of legislative power

343. Liability for torts and contracts

344. May local governments be sued?

345. Are properties of local governments exempt from execution?

346. Requisites for entering into a valid contract

347. Doctrine of implied municipal liability

348. Settlement of boundary disputes

349. Succession of elective officials

350. Discipline of local officials: Who may exercise and on what grounds

351. State the nepotism rule under the Local Government Code352. Preventive suspension

353. Removal

354. Administrative Appeal 355. Doctrine of Condonation

356. Appointive local officials

357. Recall

358. Term limits of local officialsNational Economy and Patrimony/Social Justice & Human Rights/Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports359. Meaning of Regalian Doctrine 360. Filipino first policy361. Meaning of academic freedom

362. Which should prevail? The right of students to free speech or a schools academic freedom?

363. May aliens own lands in the Philippines? What are the exceptions to this rule?

ASSIGNED CASES (selected recent jurisprudence)1. Biraogo v. Philippine Truth Commission, 07 December 2010

2. Vinuya v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 162230, April 28, 2010

3. De Castro v. Judicial and Bar Council, 17 March 2010

4. Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers, 25 March 2008

5. Neri v. Senate Committee, 04 September 20086. Lawyers Against Monopoly v. Sec. of Budget and Management, April 24, 20127. Petition for Recognition of Exemption of GSIS from Payment of

Docket Fees, 11 February 2010, A.M. No. 08-2-01-0

8. Ang Ladlad LGBT Party v. Comelec, April 8, 2010

9. Funa v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 192791

10. Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No. 157870, November 3, 200811. Lumanog v. People, G.R. No. 182555 : September 7, 2010

12. Carbonnel v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 187689, 07 September 201013. League of Cities of the Philippines v. Comelec, G.R. No. 176951, April 12, 201114. Abdul Gaffar P.M. Dibaratun v. Comelec, 02 February 2010

15. Mitra v. Comelec, 02 July 201016. Quinto v. Comelec, 22 February 201017. Penera v. Comelec, G.R. No. 181613, 25 November 200918. Bedol v. Commission on Elections, 03 December 2009, G.R. No. 179830)19. Atong Paglaum v. Comelec, G.R. No. 203766, April 2, 201320. Nacu v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 187752, 23 November 201021. Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, 01 February 2011

22. Magallona v. Ermita, G.R No. 187167, July 16, 201123. Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, July 17, 201224. Kulayan v Tan, G.R. No. 187298, July 03, 2012 AB Political Science, University of the Philippines (UP), Diliman; Order of the Purple Feather (OPF), UP, College of Law; Valedictorian, San Sebastian College-Recoletos, Manila, Institute of Law); former Philippine Youth delegate to Japan and Southeast Asia; Litigation lawyer, investment, property, and labor law consultant; Represented Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile, the SM Group, and the Cojuangco family in several cases.