Pollution Prevention

Smart Growth

through

Presentation Layout

Problems• Causes of sprawl

• Indicators of Sprawl

• Pollution created by

sprawl

One Solutions

• Smart Growth– redevelop brownfields

– Urban infill

• Case study– Curitiba, Brazil

Some definitions

• Sustainability

– Addresses and accounts for the impact our

actions have, trying to leave the smallest

possible footprint

– If negative impact occurs or is inevitable,

take actions to abate impact.

• Sprawl– Low density urban growth– Car Dependant

• Brownfield– Abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and

commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

Some definitions

Causes of Sprawl* Political

Prop. 13

* Economical Services and utilities are subsidized in suburbs

* Social Paradigm that ex-urban is good

* Regulatory Easier and cheaper permits

Indicators of Sprawl

• Density of urban population decrease

• Increase of farmland into urban area

• Increase in the number of miles driven

• increase in the number of cars to population is

disproportional

Sprawl contributes to water pollution

Increases in

Impervious areas Storm-water runoff

Fostering

»erosion

» flood risk

»contaminant load to receiving water

»groundwater table decline

Sprawl contributes to air pollution

Sprawl contribution to air pollution

• Sprawl promotes extensive use of car

• Car traffic is a major source of air pollution CO, CO2, NOx O3

One Option: ‘Smart Growth’

• Urban Design to support

– High population densities

– Redevelop idle lands

Brownfields

– Develop idle lands within urban setting

Infill

Smart Growth

Depends on

– Regulatory backbone that prevents sprawl

– Mix-use zoning of lands

– The development of alternative transport infrastructure

– Inclusion of recreational facilities within urban areas

Urban Revitalization

Urban revitalization

– Brings ‘new’ life to urban center

– Redevelop idle areas

• Infill and Brownfields

Case Study

CURITIBA

BRASIL

A bit of Curitiba’s History

• 1964, group of Architects point out to the mayor the pressure that rapid growth is having

• 1971 Jaime Lerner is appointed Mayor and starts to take the plan into action– Flood problem– Parks clean– Pedestrian downtown– Efficient Public Transport

A Bit of Curitiba’s History

• Today– Trash Recycling –organic / inorganic

– Recycled materials are sold to local industries

– 2 / 3 of the trash is recycled

Curitiba transport @ a glance

• Between1950 and 1990 population increase 7 fold

• 1964 ‘Master plan’ for urban design is presented

• 1974 institute ‘Urbanization of Curitiba’ is established

• 1980 integrated transportation network is created: single fare

• 1991 ‘Speedy Bus’ and ‘Boarding tubes’ are created

• 1992 ‘Bi-articulated buses’ start operating

•

D’ Bus Service

D’ Bus Service• Efficient and Reliable

– Arteries designed for bus preference – 65% of the municipalities are covered – Five ‘types’ of buses

• Savings – Less time commuting– Curitiba uses 30 % less fossil fuels than comparable city– little traffic congestion

references• http://www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/report00/intro.asp

• http://www.alternatives.com/library/env/envtrans/ww200025.txt

• http://www.globalideasbank.org/BI/BI-262.HTML

• http://solstice.crest.org/sustainable/curitiba/part1.html

• http://www.sage-rsa.org.uk/studies/curitiba_jul.html