Air Pollution Modeling and its

Application XXII

edited by

Douw G. SteynThe University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Peter J.H. BuiltjesNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht,

The Netherlands

and

Renske M.A. TimmermansNetherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Utrecht,

The Netherlands

^ SpringerPublished in Cooperation with NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division

Contents

Part I Climate Change and Air Quality

1 Future Air Pollution in Europe from a Multi-physicsEnsemble of Climate Change-Air Quality ProjectionsPedro Jimenez-Guerrero, Sonia Jerez,

Juan J. Gomez Navarro, Raquel Lorente,

and Juan P. Montavez

2 Influences of Regional Climate Change on Air QualityAcross the Continental U.S. Projected from DownscalingIPCC AR5 Simulations

Christopher Nolte, Tanya Otte, Robert Pinder, J. Bowden,

J. Herwehe, Greg Faluvegi, and Drew Shindell

3 Projection of Air Quality in Melbourne, Australia

in 2030 and 2070 Using a Dynamic Downscaling SystemMartin Cope, Sunhee Lee, Sean Walsh, Melanie Middleton,Mark Bannister, Wal Delaney, and Andrew Marshall

4 Investigating Differences in Air Quality Between Urban

and Rural Regions Under Current and Future Climate

Conditions

Andrea Mues, Astrid Manders, Bert van Ulft,

Erik van Meijgaard, Martijn Schaap, and Peter Builtjes

Part II Air Quality and Human Health

5 The Role of Aerosol Properties on Cloud Nucleation Processes

Stavros Solomos, George Kallos, Jonilda Kushta, A. Nenes,D. Barahona, and N. Bartsotas

6 Targeted NOx Emissions Control for ImprovedEnvironmental Performance

S. Morteza Mesbah, Amir Hakami, and Stephan Schott

xxxvi Contents

7 Attribution of Ozone Pollution Control Benefits to

Individual Sources 41

Amanda Pappin, Amir Hakami, Jaroslav Resler,

Jitka Liczki, and Ondrej Vlcek

8 Country-Wide Health Impact Assessment of Airborne

Particulate Matter in Estonia 47

Kaisa Kesanurm, Erik Teinemaa, Marko Kaasik,Tanel Tamm, Taavi Lai, and Hans Orru

9 Temporal Collinearity Amongst Modeled and Measured

Pollutant Concentrations and Meteorology 53

Valerie Garcia, P.S. Porter, Edith Gego, and S.T. Rao

10 Reconstruction of Past and Prediction of Future

Benzo[a]pyrene Concentrations Over Europe 59

Johannes Bieser, Armin Aulinger, Volker Matthias,

and Markus Quante

11 Evaluating Alternative Exposure Metrics Used for

Multipollutant Air Quality and Human Health Studies 65

Haluk Ozkaynak, Vlad Isakov, Lisa Baxter,

Stephen E. Graham, Stefanie Ebert Sarnat,

Jeremy A. Sarnat, James Mulholland, Barbara Turpin,David Q. Rich, and Melissa Lunden

12 Benefits of Using Enhanced Air Quality Information

in Human Health Studies 73

P.S. Porter, Edith Gego, Valerie Garcia, and S.T. Rao

13 Is Driving 1 km to Work Worse for the Environment

Than Driving 1 km for Shopping? 79

Wouter Lefebvre, Bart Degraeuwe, Carolien Beckx,

Marlies Vanhulsel, Bruno Kochan, Tom Bellemans,

Davy Janssens, Geert Wets, Stijn Janssen, Ina de Vlieger,

Stijn Dhondt, and L. Int Panis

14 Integrated Assessment of an Emission Trading Scheme

to Reduce Emissions from International Shippingand the Related Environmental Impact Over Europe 85

Stijn Janssen, Felix Deutsch, Nele Veldeman, Kris Vanherle,

Pieter Lodewijks, Jan Duerinck, and Paul Campling

15 Effects Evaluation and Risk Assessment of Air Pollutants

Deposition at European Monitoring Sites of the ICP Forests 89

Richard Fischer, Thomas Scheuschner, Angela Schlutow,Oliver Granke, Volker Mues, Konstantin Olschofsky,and Hans-Dieter Nagel

Contents xxxvii

16 Application of the 1 km x 1 km Resolution FRAME

Model to Poland for the Assessment of Ammonia

and Ammonium Concentrations and Exceedance

of Critical Levels 95

Maciej Kryza, Anthony J. Dore, and Malgorzata Werner

17 Air Pollution Assessment in the DnepropetrovskIndustrial Megapolice of Ukraine 101

Larisa V. Shupranova, Valentina M. Khlopova,and Mykola M. Kharytonov

18 Decision Making Problem Under Uncertainties Relating

to Air Quality Management 105

Volodymyr I. Nochvai

Part III Aerosols in the Atmosphere

19 Impact of Aerosol Radiation Absorption on the Heat

Budget and Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer 113

Eduardo Wilde Barbara, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano,

Maarten C. Krol, and Albert A. M Holtslag

20 Impact of Different Physical Parameterizations

on the Global Modeling of Desert Dust - Importanceof the Initialization Fields 119

Marina Astitha, Jos Lelieveld, Alexander de Meij,Astrid Kerkweg, Mohamed Abdel Kader, Andrea Pozzer,

and Gregor Glaser

21 Modelling of Particle Number Concentrations

with LOTOS-EUROS 125

Astrid Manders, Antoon Visschedijk,Hugo Denier van der Gon, Bas Henzing, and Martijn Schaap

22 An Advanced Scheme of Vertical Dispersion and Dry

Deposition of Aerosols for Atmospheric Transport Models 129

Rostislav Kouznetsov and Mikhail Sofiev

23 Impact of Aerosol Activation on Modelled Regional

Particulate Matter Mass and Size Distribution Due

to Cloud Processing 135

Wanmin Gong, Sunling Gong, Junhua Zhang,Paul A. Makar, Michael D. Moran, Craig Stroud,

W. Richard Leaitch, and Walter Strapp

24 Dust Production by Density Currents - A Not So Well

Known Source of Aerosol Particles in the Atmosphere 141

Stavros Solomos and George Kallos

XXXV1U Contents

25 Toward a New Chemical Mechanism in WRF/Chem

for Direct and Indirect Aerosol Effects: A Focus

on the Carbonaceous Aerosols

Paolo Tuccella, Georg A. Grell, Stuart A. Mckeen,

Ravan Ahmadov, Gabriele Curci, and Guido Visconti

147

26 Impact of Aerosol Properties on Cloud and PrecipitationFormation 153

Christelle Barbet, Laurent Deguillaume,and Nadine Chaumerliac

27 Numerical Study on Reduction of Ambient NOx, PM,and VOCs Concentrations by ACF (ActivatedCarbon Fiber) Fences: Effects of Generated Air Flow

and Chemical Reactivity of the ACF Fences 159

Toshihiro Kitada, Yasuhiro Kurodai, Takaaki Shimohara,Takao Kanzaki, Masaaki Yoshikawa, and Takayuki Tokairin

28 Application of PMF for Evaluation of the Fine Particles

Contribution from Vehicular Emission in Six Brazilian Cities 167

Maria Andrade, Beatriz Oyama, Adalgiza Fornaro,

Regina Miranda, and Paulo Saldiva

29 Study of Aerosol Particle Scavenging by Rain,

Experiments and Modelling 169

Arnaud Querel, Pascal Lemaitre, Marie Monier,Emmanuel Porcheron, and Andrea Flossmann

Part IV Data Assimilation and Air Quality Forecasting

30 Kalman Filter-Based Air Quality Forecast Adjustment 177

Koen De Ridder, Ujjwal Kumar, Dirk Lauwaet,

Stijn Van Looy, and Wouter Lefebvre

31 PASODOBLE AIRSHEDS: Regional OperationalAir Quality Forecasts to Bridge the Gap Between

Continental Scale and Local/Urban Scale Services 183

Carlijn Hendriks, Renske Timmermans,

Martijn de Ruyter de Wildt, Henk Eskes, Dimitris Balis,

Eleni Katragkou, Michael Sofiev, Charles Talbot,

Hendrik Elbern, Martijn Schaap, and Thilo Erbertseder

32 Data Assimilation and Air Quality Forecasting 189

Henk Eskes, Renske Timmermans, Lyana Curier,

Martijn de Ruyter de Wildt, Arjo Segers, Ferd Sauter,

and Martijn Schaap

Contents xxxix

33 Forecasting Sensitivities: Is Adaptive, Short-Term Air

Quality Management a Viable Option? 193

Matthew Russell and Amir Hakami

34 Sensitivity of PM Assimilation Results to Key Parameters

in the Ensemble Kalman Filter 199

Arjo Segers, Vincent Kamphuis, and Martijn Schaap

35 A Statistical Approach to Improve Air Quality Forecasts

in the PREVAIR System 205

Laure Malherbe, Anthony Ung, Frederik Meleux,and Bertrand Bessagnet

36 Ensemble Forecasting Coupled with Data Assimilation,and Threshold Exceedance Detection on Prev'Air 211

Edouard Debry, Vivien Mallet, Laure Malherbe,

Frederik Meleux, Bertrand Bessagnet, and Laurence RouYl

37 Recent Advances in Canada's National Operational AQForecasting System 215

Michael D. Moran, S. Menard, R. Pavlovic, D. Anselmo,Stavros Antonopoulos, P.A. Makar, Wanmin Gong,S. Gravel, C. Stroud, J. Zhang, Q. Zheng, A. Robichaud,

H. Landry, P.A. Beaulieu, S. Gilbert, J. Chen, and A. Kallaur

38 Ensemble Perturbations for Chemical Data Assimilation 221

Jeremy D. Silver, J0rgen Brandt, Jesper H. Christensen,Michael Kahnert, and Lennart Robertson

39 Ensemble Data Assimilation for Tropospheric Ozone

Analysis Within the CHIMERE Regional ChemistryTransport Model 227

Benjamin Gaubert, Adriana Coman, Gilles Foret,

Matthias Beekmann, Maxim Eremenko, Gaelle Dufour,

Denis Zyryanov, Anthony Ung, Gilles Bergametti,and Jean-Marie Flaud

40 Improving 03, PM25 and N02 Surface

Fields by Optimally Interpolating UpdatableMOS Forecasts 233

Stavros Antonopoulos, Jacques Montpetit, Vincent Fortin,

and Guy Roy

41 Synergistic Use of LOTOS-EUROS and N02

Tropospheric Columns to Evaluate the NOX Emission

Trends Over Europe 239

Lyana Curier, Richard Kranenburg, Renske Timmermans,

Arjo Segers, Henk Eskes, and Martijn Schaap

xl Contents

42 On the Data Assimilation for Operational Forecastingand Re-analysis of Allergenic Pollen Dispersion 247

Mikhail Sofiev, Marje Prank, and Julius Vira

43 Improved Meteorological Data for Air Quality

Forecasting Models: Assessment 251

Sergio Borghi, Maurizio Favaron, and Giuseppe Frustaci

44 Ingestion of Intermittent Wild Fire Sources Inside

and Outside the Forecasting Domain 257

Pius Lee, Hyuncheol Kim, and Henk Eskes

Part V Regional and Intercontinental Modelling

45 The EMEP MSC-W Modelling Programme:Its Relationship to Policy Support, Current Challenges

and Future Perspectives 265

David Simpson

46 Modelling Clean Air 273

Peter Builtjes and Richard Kranenburg

47 An Online Coupled Two Way Interactive Modelling

Study of Air Pollution Over Europe and Mediterranean 279

Jonilda Kushta, Stavros Solomos, Marina Astitha,

Christina Mitsakou, and George Kallos

48 A Retrospective Analysis of Ozone Formation in the

Lower Fraser Valley, Canada 285

Douw G. Steyn, Bruce Ainslie, Christian Reuten,

and Peter Jackson

49 Modelled Recirculation of Pollutants During Ozone

Episodes in the Lower Fraser Valley, B. C 291

Annie Seagram, Douw G. Steyn, and Bruce Ainslie

50 An Assessment of the Emission and Dispersion

of Volcanic Ash and Sulphur Dioxide in the Recent

Eruptions in Iceland 297

Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Janne Hakkarainen,

and Mikhail Sofiev

51 Representing the Effects of Long-Range Transportand Lateral Boundary Conditions in Regional Air

Pollution Models 303

Rohit Mathur, Shawn Roselle, Jeffrey Young,and Daiwen Kang

Contents xli

52 Modeling the European Nitrogen Budget: Effects

of Including the Bi-directional Surface-Atmosphere

Exchange of Ammonia 309

Roy J. Wichink Kruit, M. Schaap, F.J. Sauter,

M.C. van Zanten, and W.A.J, van Pul

53 Multiscale Air Quality with the NMMB/BSC Chemical

Transport Model 315

Oriol Jorba, Carlos Perez, Karsten Haustein, Zavisa Janjic,Jose ManaBaldasano, Donald Dabdub, Alba Badia,

and Michele Spada

54 Sea-Salt Aerosol Forecasts Over the Mediterranean

Sea Evaluated by Daily Measurements in Lampedusa

from 2006 to 2010 321

Pavel Kishcha, Boris Starobinets, Roberto Udisti,

Silvia Becagli, Alcide di Sarra, Slobodan Nickovic,

and Pinhas Alpert

55 An Enhanced Sub-grid Scale Approach to Characterize

Air Quality Impacts of Aircraft Emissions 327

Saravanan Arunachalam, Matthew Woody, Jeffrey Rissman,

Francis Binkowski, Hsi-Wu Wong, Shantanu Jathar,

and Allan Robinson

56 Sensitivity of Fine PM Levels in Europe to Emissions Changes 333

A.G. Megaritis, C. Fountoukis, and S.N. Pandis

57 ATMOSYS: A Policy Support System for Atmospheric

Pollution Hot Spots 339

Clemens Mensink, L. Blyth, K. De Ridder, W. Lefebvre,

N. Veldeman, and P. Viaene

58 Atmospheric Dispersion of Radioactive Material from

the Fukushima Daiichi NuclearPower Plant 345

Pontus von Schoenberg, Jonas Boson, Hakan Grahn,

Torbjflrn Nylen, Henrik Rameback, and Lennart Thaning

59 Ensemble Modelling of Surface-Level Ozone in Europe

and North America for AQMEII 351

Efisio Solazzo, Stefano Galmarini, Roberto Bianconi,

and S. Trivikrama Rao

60 A Case Study on the Impact of Aerosol-Radiation

Feedback on Meteorology and Regional Pollutant Distributions....

357

R. Forkel, J. Werhahn, S.A. McKeen, S.E. Peckham,

G.A. Grell, and P. Suppan

xlii Contents

61 Impact of Fire Emissions on Air Quality

in the Euro-Mediterranean Region 363

S. Turquety, P. Messina, S. Stromatas, A. Anav, L. Menut,

B. Bessagnet, J.-C. Pere, P. Drobinski, P.F. Coheur,

Y. Rhoni, C. Clerbaux, and D. Tanre

62 Influence of Physical Parameterization Changes in the

ALARO High Resolution NWP Model for Belgium

on the CTM CHIMERE 369

A.W. Delcloo, R. Hamdi, A. Deckmyn, P. Termonia,

H. De Backer, and H. Van Langenhove

63 Model Evaluation for Surface Concentration

of Particulate Matter in Europe and North America

in the Context of AQMEII 375

Efisio Solazzo, Stefano Galmarini, Roberto Bianconi,

and S. Trivikrama Rao

64 Multi-scale Atmospheric Composition Modelling for Bulgaria 381

Georgi Gadzhev, Kostadin Ganev, Maria Prodanova,

Dimiter Syrakov, Emanouil Atanasov, and Nikolai Miloshev

65 Source Apportionment in the LOTOS-EUROS Air

Quality Model 387

Richard Kranenburg, Martijn Schaap, Elja Huibregtse,

Carlijn Hendriks, and Arjo Segers

66 Numerical Simulation of the Atmosphere Pollution After

Accident at the "Tolliaty - Odessa" Ammonia Pipe 391

M.M. Biliaiev, L.V. Amelina, and M.M. Kharytonov

67 An outlook of System for Integrated modelling

of Atmospheric coMposition SILAM v.5 397

Mikhail Sofiev, Julius Vira, Marje Prank, Joana Soares,

and Rostislav Kouznetsov

68 Evaluating the Influence of Regional Gridded Emissions

Distribution on Air Quality Simulation 401

Angel Rodriguez, Maria Dios, Santiago Saavedra,

Jose A. Souto, Juan J. Casares, David Cartelle,

Jose M. Vellon, C. Borrego, A.I. Miranda, J. Ferreira,

A. Monteiro, N. Gallego, A. Saez, and Maria L. Macho

69 Modelling the Emission, Air Concentration

and Deposition of Heavy Metals in Poland 407

Malgorzata Werner, Maciej Kryza, Anthony J. Dore,

and Stephen Hallsworth

Contents xliii

70 Impact of NOX Ship Emissions on the Baltic Sea Area:

Present Status and Future Prospects 413

Joana Soares, Mikhail Sofiev, and Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen

71 AQMEII and MOZAIC: Evaluating Regional Scale

Model Ability to Capture the Vertical Distribution of Pollutants 419

Efisio Solazzo, Stefano Galmarini, Roberto Bianconi,

C. Hogrefe, and S. Trivikrama Rao

72 CTM: Numerical Recipes and Their Implementations 425

Eugene Genikhovich, Mikhail Sofiev, Irene Gracheva,

Julius Vira, Marje Prank, and Alexandra Ryzhakova

73 Fine Resolution Modeling of Climate Change Impacton Future Air Quality Over BULGARIA 429

Dimiter Syrakov, Kostadin Ganev, Maria Prodanova,

Nikolai Miloshev, and Kiril Slavov

74 Ensemble Modeling of Air Pollution Due to April 2010

Island Volcano Eruption 435

Dimiter Syrakov, Maria Prodanova, Stefano Galmarini,

Efisio Solazzo, Roberto Bianconi, Roberto Bellasio,

Andrew Jones, Robert Buckley, Slavomir Potemski,

and Maud Maret

75 Evaluations of WRF-CMAQ/CAMx Performance in East

Asia Focusing on the Seoul Metropolitan Area

Youn-Seo Koo, Dae-Ryun Choi, and Jin-Sik Cho

76 Modelling of Air Quality in Europe in the Framework

of the Revision of the Gothenburg Protocol

Sebnem Aksoyoglu, Johannes Keller, and Andre S.H. Prevot

Part VI Model Assessment and Verification

77 Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative

(AQMEII): A Two-Continent Effort for the Evaluation

of Regional Air Quality Models 455

S.T. Rao, Rohit Mathur, Christian Hogrefe, Efisio Solazzo,

Stefano Galmarini, and Douw G. Steyn

78 Diagnostic Evaluation of Carbon Sources in CMAQ 463

Sergey L. Napelenok, Prakash V. Bhave, Heather Simon,

George A. Pouliot, Michael Lewandowski,

and Rebecca Sheesley

441

449

xliv Contents

79 Evaluation of a Year-Long Ozone Hindcast for 2006 as

Part of a DEFRA Model Intercomparison 469

Robert Thorpe, Nicholas Savage, Lucy Davis,

and Paul Agnew

80 Investigating the Influence of Model

Coupling by Comparing CAMx and WRF/Chem

Over Italy 475

Alessandra Balzarini, Guido Pirovano, Giuseppe M. Riva,

and Anna Toppetti

81 Simulation of Atmospheric Oxidation Capacityin Houston, Texas 481

Golam Sarwar, Shuang Chen, Barron Henderson,

Kathleen Fahey, Robert Gilliam, George Pouliot,

Beata Czader, and Bernhard Rappenglueck

82 Simulating Organic Aerosol Over Europe:

Concentration, Chemical Composition and Sources 487

Christos Fountoukis, A.G. Megaritis, Hugo. D. van der Gon,

P.E. Charalampidis, Christodoulos Pilinis,

and Spyros N. Pandis

83 Meteorology, Emissions, and Grid Resolution: Effects

on Discrete and Probabilistic Model Performance 493

Christian Hogrefe, Prakash Doraiswamy, Brian Colle,

Kenneth Demerjian, Winston Hao, Michael Erickson,

Matthew Souders, and Jia-Yeong Ku

84 Improvement of Ensemble Technique Using Spectral

Analysis and Decomposition of Air Pollution Data 499

Oxana Tchepel, Isabel Ribeiro, Alexandra Monteiro,

Anabela Carvalho, ElisaSa, Joana Ferreira,

Ana Isabel Miranda, and Carlos Borrego

85 Evaluation and Inter-comparison of Acid DepositionModels for the UK 505

Anthony J. Dore, D. Carslaw, C. Chemel, R.G. Derwent,

B.E.A. Fisher, S.J. Griffiths, S. Lawrence, S.E. Metcalfe,

A. Redington, David Simpson, R. Sokhi, P. Sutton,

M. Vieno, and J.D. Whyatt

86 Clustering for Model Validation/Improvements 511

Christopher Fung, Anson Cheung, K.M. Wai,

Peterson Wong, and Eric Cheung

Contents xlv

87 Development and Evaluation of an Air Quality Model

for Predicting the Impacts of Prescribed Burns 517

M. Talat Odman, Aika Yano, Fernando Garcia-Menendez,

Yongtao Hu, Scott L. Goodrick, Yongqiang Liu,

and Gary L. Achtemeier

88 Assessing Sensitivity Regimes of Secondary InorganicAerosol Formation in Europe with the CALIOPE-EU

Modelling System 523

Maria Teresa Pay, Pedro Jimenez-Guerrero,

and Jose Maria Baldasano

89 Effect of the Turbulence Parameterizations

on the Simulation of Pollutant Dispersion with the RMS

Modelling System 529

Silvia Trini Castelli, Simona Falabino, G. Tinarelli,

and Domenico Anfossi

90 Information-Theoretic Approaches for Models Selection

in Multi-model Ensemble Atmospheric Dispersion Predictions 535

Angelo Riccio, Angelo Ciaramella, Stefano Galmarini,

Efisio Solazzo, and Slawomir Potempski

91 On the Segregation of Chemical Species in a Clear

Boundary Layer Over Heterogeneous Surface Conditions 541

Huug G. Ouwersloot, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano,

Laurens N. Ganzeveld, Chiel C. van Heerwaarden,

Maarten C. Krol, and Jos Lelieveld

92 Response of SIA Concentrations Across Germanyto Emission Changes During PM10 Episodes in Spring 2009 547

Sabine Banzhaf, Martijn Schaap, R. Wichink Kruit,

R. Stern, and Peter Builtjes

93 The Relation of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height

to the Vertical Aerosol Distribution in ChemistryTransport Models 553

Volker Matthias, Armin Aulinger, Johannes Bieser,

and Markus Quante

94 Influence of Grid Resolution and Biomass BurningEmissions on Air Quality Simulations: A Sensitivity

Study with the Modelling System COSMO-MUSCAT 559

Ralf Wolke, Wolfram Schroeder, Roland Schroedner,

and Eberhard Renner

xlvi Contents

95 Measurements and Modeling of the Wind Profile Up

to 600 meters at a Flat Coastal Site 565

Ekaterina Batchvarova, Sven-Erik Gryning, Rogier Floors,

Claire Vincent, Alfredo Pena, and Torben Mikkelsen

96 Investigation, Using CMAQ, of Sensitivity of Air Quality

Modelling to Input Ammonia Emissions 571

P. Sutton, C. Chemel, S. Griffiths, and R.S. Sokhi

97 A Comparison of Modeled Pollutant Profiles

with MOZAIC Aircraft Measurements 577

Christian Hogrefe, Jim Szykman, Robert Gilliam,

Jim Godowitch, Shawn Roselle, Jim Crawford, T. Plessel,

Morgan Silverman, J.P. Cammas, A. Volz-Thomas,

and S.T. Rao

98 Validation of Small Scale Prognostic Air Pollution

Modeling System in Highly Complex Terrain 581

Primoz Mlakar, BoStjan Grasic, and Marija Zlata Boznar

99 Study of the Impact of Low vs. High Resolution

Meteorology on Air Quality Simulations Using

the MINNI Model Over Italy 587

Massimo D'Isidoro, Mihaela Mircea, Lina Vitali,

Irene Cionni, Gino Briganti, Andrea Cappelletti,

Sandro Finardi, Giandomenico Pace, Luisella Ciancarella,

Giuseppe Cremona, Antonio Piersanti, Gaia Righini,

and Gabriele Zanini

100 Scale-Dependent and Seasonal Performance of SILAM

Model in Estonia 593

Riinu Ots, Ardi Loot, and Marko Kaasik

101 Validation of WRF Model During 03 Episodesin an Atlantic Coastal Region 599

Santiago Saavedra Vazquez, Angel Rodnguez Lopez,J.A. Souto, and J.J. Casares

102 Forecasting the Ozone Concentrations with WRF

and Artificial Neural Network Based System 605

Maciej Kryza, Pawel Netzel, Anetta Drzeniecka-Osiadacz,

Malgorzata Werner, and Anthony J. Dore

103 An Analytical Model for Contaminant Dispersion

Release in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Considering

Time Variable Eddy Diffusivity 611

Daniela Buske, Marco T. Vilhena, Regis S. Quadros,

Bardo Bodmann, and Tiziano Tirabassi

Contents xlvii

104 A Closed Form Solution for Pollutant

Dispersion Simulation in Atmosphere Under Low

Wind Conditions 617

Daniela Buske, Marco T. Vilhena, Bardo Bodmann,

Tiziano Tirabassi, and Regis S. Quadras

105 Eddy Diffusivity to North Wind Phenomenon

in Southern Brazil: Application in an Analytical

Dispersion Model 623

Ivan P. Alves, Gervasio A. Degrazia, Daniela Buske,

and Marco T. Vilhena

106 Air Quality Study of High Ozone Levels in South California 629

Amela Jericevic, Darko Koracin, Jinhua Jiang, Judith Chow,

John Watson, Eric Fujita, and Hiroaki Minoura

Part VII Local and Urban Scale Modelling

107 Merging the Gap Between Meso and Micro Scales:

Enhanced Inflow Boundary Conditions for CFD

Modeling of Urban Air Quality 637

C. Borrego, M. Mache, J.H. Amorim, J.F. Sini, H. Martins,

I. Calmet, J. Valente, V. Rodrigues, A.I. Miranda, D. Maro,

J.M. Rosant, and C. Pimentel

108 Statistical Variability of Dispersion at Local and Regional

Scales: LPDM-LES Model Ensembles and Observations 643

Jeffrey Weil, Peter Sullivan, Edward Patton,

and Chin-Hoh Moeng

109 Modelling the Budget of Main Atmospheric Pollutants

in Paris Region 647

Marje Prank, Julius Vira, and Mikhail Sofiev

110 Estimation of Efficient Height of Buildings for Urban

Dispersion Models 653

Jan Burman

111 Combining Models for Assessment of Local Air Quality 657

Wouter Lefebvre, Bino Maiheu, Jean Vankerkom,

Liliane Janssen, Jan Bel, Tim Op't Eyndt, and Stijn Janssen

112 Coupling the Town Energy Balance Scheme to the High

Resolution LAM ALADIN for Belgium 661

Rafiq Hamdi, Alex Deckmyn, Daan Degrauwe,

Andy Delcloo, and Piet Termonia

xlviii Contents

113 Contribution of Advective and Turbulent Contaminant

Transport to the Intersection Ventilation 665

Libor Kuka£ka, Stepan Nosek, Radka Kellnerova,

Klara JuriSdkova, and Zbynek Janour

114 Evaluation of a Plume-in-Grid Model for Line Sources

with a Multiple Roadway Case Study 669

Regis Briant and Christian Seigneur

115 Risk Analysis and Emergency Forecast of Toxic

Substances Local Scale Transport Over Bulgaria 675

Angelina Brandiyska, Kostadin Ganev, Dimiter S. Syrakov,

Maria Prodanova, and Nikolay Miloshev

116 Coupling WRF and CALMET Models: Validation

During Primary Pollutants glc Episodes in an Atlantic

Coastal Region 681

Anel Herndndez, Santiago Saavedra, Angel Rodriguez,Jose A. Souto, and Juan J. Casares

117 Meteorological Modeling of the PM10 Episode in the

Creek Valley of Golden Horn Harbour, Istanbul Under

Very Stable Conditions for November 6 -9,2010 Episode 685

§eyda Tilev Tanriover, Abdullah Kahraman,

Selahattin Incecik, Ali Deniz, Hiiseyin Toros,

Hafize M. Celebi, Ali Ozturk, and Ismail Sezen

118 Urban Scale Meteorological and Air Quality Forecast for

the Biggest Israeli Cities Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa:

WRF-Chem Model Simulation 693

Yosef Levitin

119 Extension to Chemical Products of the CERES

Platform Used to Evaluate the Atmospheric Dispersionand Human Health Consequences of Noxious Releases 703

Luc Patryl, Laurent Deguillaume, Nadine Chaumerliac,

Frederic Tridon, and Patrick Armand

120 Large Eddy Simulation of Coherent Structures in Street

Canyons 709

Vladimir Fuka and Josef Brechler

121 Integration of the Operational Urban Dispersion Model

SIRANERISK in the CERES Platform Used to Evaluate

Human Health Consequences of Noxious Atmospheric Releases.... 717

Luc Patryl, Patrick Armand, Lionel Soulhac,

and Guillevic Lamaison

Contents xlix

122 Higher Resolution Modeling of the PM10 Levels Over

Istanbul for a Winter Episode 721

Ulas Im, Kostandinos Markakis, Alper Unal,

Tayfun Kindap, Anastasia Poupkou, Selahattin Incecik,Orhan Yenigun, Dimitros Melas, Christina Theodosi,and Nikos Mihalopoulos

123 3D Radiative and Convective Modeling of Urban

Environment: An Example for the City Center of Toulouse 727

Yongfeng Qu, Maya Milliez, Luc Musson-Genon,

and Bertrand Carissimo

124 Effect of Atmospheric Stability on the Atmospheric

Dispersion Conditions Over a Industrial Site Surrounded

by Forests 733

HananeZaidi, Eric Dupont, Maya Milliez,

Bertrand Carissimo, and Luc Musson-Genon

125 On the Parameterization of Dynamic and Diffusion

Processes in the PBL Over Very Rough Surface 739

Evgeni Syrakov and Kostadin Ganev

126 A Methodology for Modeling Environmental Effects

of Pollutants Dispersion Generated by Explosions 745

David Sidilkover, Shlomi Shitrit, Tamir Reisin,and Shlomi Pistinner

127 An Extended Street Canyon Model for Pollutant

Concentrations in Street Canyons with Detached Houses

and Specified Traffic Lane Width 751

J.J. Erbrink, Esther Kokmeijer, and Joost J. de Wolff

128 Enhanced Dispersion from Tall Stacks Near Modern

Wind Mills 755

J.J. Erbrink and Luc Verhees

129 Crisis Management Modeling and Simulation Laboratory 759

Oscar Bjornham, Jan Burman, Oskar Parmhed,

and Christer Fureby

Index 765