Pollution CO Carbonaceo ussoot H S, SO2 - ASHRAE Indiaashraeindia.org/pdf/FDP_business.pdf ·...
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The National Building Code (NBC) contains set of minimumprovisions, designed to protect the safety of the public withregard to structural sufficiency, fire hazards and healthaspects of buildings.
1st Published 1970
1st Revision 1983
2nd Revision 2005
OBJECTIVE
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE
• PART - 4
Fire and Life Safety. (This Part covers the requirements for fire prevention, life
safety in relation to Fire and Fire protection of buildings. The Code specifies
construction, occupancy and protection features that are necessary to minimize
danger to life and property from fire.
MAIN SECTIONSPart - 0 Integrated Approach - Prerequisite for applying provisions of
this code (This part covers guidelines to be followed for judicious implementation of
the provisions of various Parts/ Sections of the Code).
Part – 1 Definitions (This Part lists the terms appearing in all the Parts/ Sections of
the National Building Code of India).
Part – 2 Administration (This Part covers the administrative aspects of the Code, such as
applicability of the Code, organization of building department for enforcement of the
Code, procedure for obtaining development and building permits, and responsibility of
the owner).
Part – 3 Development Control Rules & General Building Requirements
(This Part deals with the development control rules and general building
requirements to ensure health and safety of the public).
Part – 4 Fire and Life Safety. (This Part covers the requirements for fire prevention, life
safety in relation to f ire and fire protection of buildings. The Code specifies
construction, occupancy and protection features that are necessary to minimize
danger to life and property from fire.
NBC - SECTIONS
MAIN SECTIONS
Part – 5 Building Material (This Part of the Code covers the requirements of building
materials and components, and criteria for accepting new or alternative building
materials and components).
Part – 6 Structural Design (This Section covers basic design loads to be assumed in the
design of buildings).
Part – 7 Constructional Practice and Safety (This Part of the Code covers the
constructional planning, management and practices in buildings; storage, stacking
and handling of materials. It also covers guidelines relating to maintenance
management, repairs, and strengthening of Buildings).
Part – 8 Building Services (This Section covers requirements and methods for lighting and
ventilation of buildings).
Part – 9 Plumbing Services (This Section covers the basic requirements of water supply).
Part – 10 Landscaping, Science & Outdoor display structures (This Section covers
requirements of landscape planning and design).
NBC - SECTIONS
Main Indian Standards on Fire Systems Design:
IS: 2190: 1992 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance ofportable first - aid fire extinguisher (third revision)
IS: 2189: 1988 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance ofautomatic fire detection and alarm system (second revision)
IS: 15908: 2011 Selection, Installation & Maintenance of Control & IndicatingEquipment's for Fire Detection & Alarm System-Code of Practice
IS: 3844: 1989 Code of practice for installation of internal fire hydrants in Multi-story buildings.
IS: 13039: 1991 External Hydrant Systems– Provision & Maintenance - Code ofpractice
IS: 15105: 2002 Design & Installation of Fixed Automatic Sprinkler FireExtinguishing Systems - System-Code of Practice
BEURO OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Group Type Purpose
A Residential Building in which sleeping accommodation is provided for normal residentialpurposes with or without cooking.
B Educational School, college and training institutions for day-care purposes.
C Institutional Building which is used for purposes, such as medical or other treatment.
D Assembly Building, where number of persons not less than 50 congregate or gather foramusement, recreation, social, religious, patriotic, purposes.
E Business Building which is used for transaction of business.
F Mercantile Building, which is used as shops, stores, market, for display and sale ofmerchandise, either wholesale or retail.
G Industrial Building in which products or materials of all kinds and properties are fabricated,assembled, manufactured or processed,
H Storage Building used primarily for the storage or sheltering (i/c servicing, processing /repairs incidental to storage) of goods, ware or merchandise
J Hazardous Building which is used for the storage, handling, manufacture or processing ofhighly combustible or explosive materials.
NBC - SECTIONS
Clause 3.1.11
Any building not covered by Annex B or 3.1.8 shall be classified in the groupwhich most nearly resembles its existing or proposed use.
FIRE ALARM SPRINKLER PUMPS GENERAL
FIRE CONTROL ROOM SPRINKLER IN ATRIUM WATER STORAGE & PUMPS
BASIC TERMS
DETECTION IN BASEMENT
DESIGN PARAMETERS PUMP ROOM LOCATION
REFUGE AREA & FIRE CHECK FLOOR
BEAM STRUCTURE OPTIONAL EXCEPTION PUMP ARRANGEMENT
BASEMENTCOMPARTMENTATION
DETECTOR SITTING OBSTRUCTIONS WATER CURTAIN
DETECTORS IN BATHROOM
ONE & TWO WAY COMMUNICATION
KEY POINTS
KEY CHALLENGES
NBC-2005
For all buildings 15 m in height or above and apartment buildings with a
height of 30 m and above, there shall be a control room on the entrance
floor of the building with communication system (suitable public address
system) to all floors and facilities for receiving the message from different
floors.
BIS: 15908 - Control & Indicating Equipment's for Fire Detection & Alarm
System-Code of Practice
1.Control Centre of area 15 to 20 M Sq Mtr.
2.The Control room shall have attached WC & drinking water facility.
3.24 Hrs Manning.
4.Mimic Panel of premises protected.
5.Segregated from AC system of rest of building. If ducts are common,
provide damper.
6.In complex building with multiple entries, discuss with local fire authority
for control room.
FIRE CONTROL ROOM
Early information is basement is must for fastevacuation as these areas are critical andunattended most of the time and thus allow fireto spread with in building, if reaches tohazardous condition. Sprinklers activate at laterstage (68 degree C).
Fire alarm system is required to activate thesmoke extraction system in basement forextraction of smoke to help occupants to escapeat the earliest.
1. Is it mandatory in the first place ? if so then which part in NBC & relevant clauses call for it ?
2. If not, how important Is it from Life safety point of view ?3. Are the other builders getting away with it in NOIDA ?4. Can we do away with it and save some Rs. 1.5 cr /on an average
DETECTION IN BASEMENT
Heat Detector (Beam Structure)
• D < 4 Inches = Smooth Ceiling spacing.
• D > 4 Inches, spacing not more than 2/3rd of listed, perpendicular to
beam.
• D > 18 Inches, separate area.
Smoke Detector (Beam Structure)
• D < 10% of ceiling height = Smooth Ceiling spacing.
• D > 10% & < 40%, spacing not more than 1/2 of listed,
perpendicular to beam.
• D > 40%, Separate area.
D
BEAM STRUCTURE
BIS:2189 NFPA-72
Ceiling Height Spacing Ceiling Height (M) Multiply Listed Spacing (15M) by
0 - 4 7 M 0 - 3 1.00 (15 x 1 =15M)
4 - 5 6 M 3 - 3.7 0.91
5 - 7 5 M 3.7 - 4.3 0.84
7 - 8 4 M 4.3 - 4.9 0.77
8 -9 3 M 4.9 - 5.5 0.71
5.5 - 6.1 0.64
6.1 - 6.7 0.58
6.7 - 7.3 0.52
7.3 - 7.9 0.46
7.9 - 8.5 0.40
8.5 - 9.1 0.34 (15x 0.34=5.1 M)
HEAT DETECTOR
DETECTOR SITTING
SMOKE DETECTOR
BIS: 2189 NFPA - 72
Without Forced Ventilation
Up to 6 M height – 9.0 M
6 M to 7 M height – 7.5 M
7 M to 8 M height - 6.5 M
8 M to 9 M height - 6.0 M
9 M to 10 M height – 5.0 M
ACPH Area Sq Meter
60 12
30 23
20 35
ACPH Multification Factor 15 46
60 0.38 12 58
30 0.50 10 70
20 0.64 8.6 81
15 0.74 7.5 84
12 0.83 6.7 84
10 0.91 6 84 (9.1 M)
8.5 0.95
> 7.5 1.00 (9 X 1 = 9M)
DETECTOR SITTING
BIS: 2189 NFPA - 72
All points on the ceiling shall have a
detector within 7.5 m in case of smoke
detector and 5.3 m in case of heatdetector.
All points on the ceiling shall have a
detector within a distance equal to
or less than 0.7 times the listed
spacing Smoke- 9.1 x 0.7 = 6.37 M
Detectors shall be located on the
ceiling not less than 500mm from
sidewall
Detectors shall be located on the
ceiling not less than100 mm from
sidewall
Detectors shall not be mounted within
I m of any air inlet (HVAC system).
Detectors shall not be mounted
within 950mm of air inlet (HVAC).
On the sidewalls between 150 mm
and 300 mm from the ceiling.
On the sidewalls between 100 mm
and 300 mm from the ceiling.
Voids as in false ceiling/flooring more
than 800 mm shall be protected with
detectors.
Voids as in false ceiling/flooring
shall be protected.
DETECTOR SITTING
All stairwells, lift shafts, other utility shafts etc, shall have a
detector at the top.
Lift machine rooms shall be provided with a detector.
Detectors shall not be required below open grid ceilings if
openings constitute at least 70 percent of the area of the ceiling
material.
Detectors shall not be required in concealed, accessible spaces
above suspended ceilings that are used as a return air plenum.
Bathroom, lavatories need not be protected.
A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft
(6.4 m) of the centerline of each elevator door.
KEY POINTS
Sustainability ConcernIndoor environment quality, air quality, ventilation , restricted air movement
Sustainable SolutionsOpen Spaces like atria
SPRINKLER IN ATRIUM
Description Light Hazard Moderate Hazard High Hazard
Definition Non industrial bldgs.
individual room area
is not more than 125
Sq. mtr. and all walls
are going up to roof.
Non industrial bldgs.
individual room area is
more than 125 Sq. mtr.
and/or all walls are not
going up to roof.
Manufacturing Occupancy
Occupancy Hazard Table
Minimum Pressure
(Hydraulically)
0.70 Bar 0.35 Bar 0.50 Bar
Design Density 2.25 L/m/m2 5 L/m/m2 10 L/m/m2
Assumed Area of Operation 84 m2 360 m2 260 m2
Coverage area of Sprinkler Side wall- 17m2 , Max
Spacing - 4.5 M
Other - 21m2 , Max
Spacing-4.5 M
Side wall- 09m2 , Max
Spacing – 3.4 M
Other - 09m2 , Max
Spacing - 4.0 M
In general – 09 m2
Spacing – 3.4 M
Storage – 10 m2
Spacing - 2.0 M
Water Velocity Water velocity shall not exceed 6 m/sec at any valve or flow monitoring
device, or 10 m/sec at any other point in the system
BIS: 15105
DESIGN PARAMETERS
OPTIONAL EXCEPTION
BIS: 15105
Sprinkler protection required in case ceiling void is 800mm or more.
Sprinkler protection required at top of elevator shaft, chute etc. Its required in boot
and motor of escalator. Its required in lift pit where is there is possibility of
accumulation of debris.
Sprinkler protection is required under ducts or other obstructions, if width of
obstruction is more than 1m. However its also required if width is more than 800mm
and distance of obstruction from side wall is less than 150mm.
Sprinklers shall be provided under work tables if there is power source below the
table.
OPTIONAL EXCEPTION
SPRINKLER IN BEAM COFFER
As per National (BIS: 15105) and International (NFPA-13) codes, the beamdepth is not the deciding factor for putting sprinklers in coffer. In actual, it’sthe distance of sprinkler from edge of beam.
If sprinkler is coming with in distance if 1 feet from beam, then we canprovide it below the beams and no requirement of taking sprinkler in coffer.However if distance of sprinkler is increasing from one feet, than theposition of deflector shits towards roof.
PUMP ROOM LOCATION
Preferably the pump house shall be located outside the building at minimum distance of 6M
from adjoining building as per BIS: 12469. As per NFPA-20, it shall be 50 m away from
building.
In case pump room is located inside the building (Gnd or basement),it should be separated
from the rest portion with a wall having 2 h (4h)fire rating and fire check door at
its entrance having 1 h tire rating. As per NFPA, the rating required shall be of 2 Hrs.
The pump room inside the building shall have direct access in form of ramp / stair.
The fuel tank capacity shall be sufficient to run the diesel engine pump for minimum 4Hrs
as per BIS: 12469. As per NFPA-20, Fuel supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least
equal to 5.07 L per kW (1 gal per]hp), plus 5 percent volume for expansion and 5 percent
volume for sump.
A minimum clearance of 1 m at front and back and 0.75 m on sides and between
pumps should be provided for all major pumps exceeding 2280 LPM capacity.
For smaller pumps, including jockey pumps, the clearance required should be 0.75
m at front and back and 0.60 m at sides and between pumps. The head room
clearance for all pump houses should be minimum 2.75 m.
As per BIS: 12469, the foundation of pumps shall have minimum grade of reinforced
concrete as M 15. The thickness of the foundation shall be 50 mm for pumps up
to 900 LPM, 75 mm for up to 2280 LPM, 100 mm up to 4500 LPM and 150 mm for
higher pumps.
As per NFPA-20, the weight of foundation must be at least 5 times the weight of pump-motor
set. Foundation bolts of proper size should be embedded in the concrete to a depth of 8
inches to 12 inches and locked with either a hook around reinforced bar or by using J
shaped bolt.
The capacity of the jockey pump shall neither be less than 3 percent (with a
minimum of 180 LPM) nor more than 10 percent of the installed pumping
capacity.
PUMP ARRANGEMENT
Fire Load: The Maximum heat that will generate if all the contents of that space i/c
walls, partitions, furniture etc. will burn. It can be expressed in KJ/Kg (1KJ=1btu).
Fire Exit: A way out leading to escape route. It can be door way or even horizontal
exit. (Corridor).
Building Height: The vertical distance from the average level of ground floor to
the terrace of the last liveable floor of the building adjacent to the external wall;
Fire Tower: The enclosed staircase outside the building with approach from all floors and
separated by respective floor area by fire resistant door.
High Rise Building : All buildings 15 m or above in height shall be considered as
high rise buildings. As per NFPA, its 23 M.
BASIC TERMS
STAIRCASES:
STAIRCASE WALLS - 2 HOUR RATED;
STAIRCASE DOORS / EXIT DOORS - 2 HOUR RATED;
GLASS IF USED IN STAIRCASE - 2 HOUR FIRE RATED.
LIFTS AND LIFTS LOBBIES:
LIFT WALLS - 2 HOUR FIRE RATED;
LIFT LOBBY DOOR - 2 HOUR FIRE RATED;
LIFT LANDING DOOR - 1 HOUR FIRE RATED.
ELECTRICAL SUB STATIONS:
CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING WALLS / DOORS / CUTOUTS - 4 HOUR FIRE RATED.
BOILER ROOMS :
CONSTRUCTION INCLUDING WALLS / CUTOUTS - 4 HOUR FIRE RATED.
DOOR - 2 HOUR FIRE RATING.
SHAFTS:
ENCLOSURE / INSPECTION DOORS OF ELECTRICAL SHAFT – 2 HRS FIRE RATED
ENCLOSURE / INSPECTION DOOR OF OTHER SHAFTS - 1 HOURS FIRE RATING
FIRE RESISTANCE
BASEMENT PARKING
NBC recommends that for basement car parking:
a. Split area in to different compartments , each of no more than 1125 Sq Mtrs (If
sprinklered).
b. Provide Smoke Ventilation to achieve 30 Air Changes Per Hour.
c. Limit Travel Distance to 45 Meters.
The intent of compartmentation is to contain fire with in a certain space, delaying the spread,
aiding occupant evacuation.
Water Curtain Nozzle distributes water in the formof a flat extending all the way to the ground for firecompartment segregation. The fire water curtainsystem is designed prevent the fire frompropagating into adjacent areas in case of a fireincident.
The Water Curtain system consists of Pipe network,Water Curtain nozzles and Deluge Valve with trims.
In case of fire, the Addressable detector at thebasement ceiling level shall detect the heat andsend the signal to the Fire alarm panel. The FireAlarm Panel shall send the signal to the solenoidvalve of the deluge valve of the respective zone.The Deluge Valve shall open to spray water throughwater curtain nozzles.
WATER CURTAIN