Political Developments in the Early Republic Chapter 11.
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Transcript of Political Developments in the Early Republic Chapter 11.
Political Developments in the Early Republic
Chapter 11
I. Launching the New Government
A. First President1. April 30, 1789 – Washington takes
oath of officeBrainPOP
B. Title Debate1. Argued over title2. Washington preferred “Mr.
President”C. Setting Up the Executive Branch
1. Department of State – to handle relations with other countries
2. Department of War – to defend the nation
3. Treasury Department – oversee nation’s finances
4. Attorney General – president’s legal advisor
5. Postmaster General – head postal system
II. Washington as PresidentA. Critical Problem
1. National treasury was empty2. 1791 – Congress agreed to tax on
whiskey and luxury goodsB. Whiskey Rebellion
1. Many complaints on whiskey tax2. Congress lowered in 17933. Rebels in Western PA tarred and
feathered tax collectorsa) Washington led 13,000 state
militia troops to crush rebelsC. French Revolution
1. 1789 – French people rebelled against kinga) 20,000 people killed (mostly
nobility)BrainPOP
Whiskey Rebellion
II. Washington as President
D. Washington’s Farewell Address1. Agreed to 2nd term in 17922. Messages to the Nation
a) Warned of problems with other countries
b) Warned of loyalty to political parties
Analysis
The words from Washington’s Farewell
Address are just as important today as they were when he left office.
What could our nation learn from the words of our first
president?
III. Alexander Hamilton & the Federalist Party
A. Background1. Was born in the West Indies2. Was Washington’s personal assistant
during war3. Married girl from political family
which helped him into Congress B. View of Human Nature
1. People were basically selfish and out for themselves
2. Distrusted any system of government that gave too much power to the common people
III. Alexander Hamilton & the Federalist Party
C. Best Form of Government1. Believed that country should be
ruled by “best people” – educated, wealthy
2. Favored a strong national government
D. Ideal Economy1. 1790
a) economy based on agriculture b) Hamilton presented Congress
with plan to pay off war debts asap1 – promised capital location
to south if they supportedc) Also asked Congress to
establish a national bank (collect taxes, print paper money, loans)
III. Alexander Hamilton & the Federalist Party
E. Relations with Britain & France1. 1793 – war broke out
between France and Englanda) Federalists sided with Britain
IV. Thomas Jefferson & the Republican Party
A. Background1. Born in Virginia and became tobacco
planter (slave-owner)B. View of Human Nature
1. Informed citizens could make good decisions for themselves and their country
C. Best Form of Government1. Favored democracy2. Best government was one that
governed the least3. Constitution meant exactly what it
said (no more or less)4. Favored strong state governments
IV. Thomas Jefferson & the Republican Party
D. Ideal Economy1. Favored economy based on
agriculture
E. Relations with Britain & France1. Supported France2. French Representative to the US,
Edmond Genet, attempted to convince Americans to join the French in war with Britaina) Ordered to leave the country after
insulting President Washington
V. Presidency of John Adams
A. Election of 17961. Republicans backed Jefferson2. Federalists supported John
Adams3. Adams elected by 3 votes,
Jefferson VPB. Alien & Sedition Acts
1. Alien Acts (3) a) Lengthened time it took for
immigrant to become a citizen with right to vote from 5 to 14 years
b) Allowed president to jail or deport aliens suspected of causing trouble
2. Sedition Act – made encouraging rebellion against government a crime
V. Presidency of John Adams
C. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions1. Set of statements opposing Alien
& Sedition Act2. Virginia & Kentucky only 2 states
who adopted resolutions
D. New National Capital1. 1800 – federal government moved
to city of Washington in District of Columbia
VI. Election of 1800
A. 1800 Election1. Republican leaders backed Jefferson
with Aaron Burr as VP2. Federalists chose John Adams for
reelection with Charles Pinckney as VP
B. The Campaign1. Jefferson supported the Constitution
and states’ rights, run a simple government
2. Adams ran on his record of peace and prosperity
C. Divided Federalists1. Hamilton’s followers refuse to support
Adams because of foreign policy disagreements
VII. Deadlock & a New Amendment
A. Election Results1. All Republican electors voted for
Jefferson and Burr resulting in a tie between them
B. Breaking the Tie1. Sent to the House of Representatives
where each state gets 1 vote – ended in another tie
2. 6 days and 35 ballots later – Hamilton broke deadlock by asking his supporters to vote for Jefferson
3. 1804 – 12th amendment added, calling for separate ballots for president and vice president