Politeness & Solidarity Ppt Baru

8/9/2019 Politeness & Solidarity Ppt Baru

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POLITENESS &SOLIDARITY

LUH GEDE MEITHA TRISNA UTAMI

PANDE MADE PRADNYANA PUTRA


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Brown and Levinson (1987, as i!ed in S"r#anis, $%1' o!)eor# o* +in"is!is -o+i!eness .ased on /o0ans .asone-! o* 2*ae3 Aordin !o /o0an (1987, as i!ed S"r#anis, $%1', *ae is !)e -osi!ive soia+ va+"e !)a! a

s)ows in ee!ive wa# !o ."i+d a ood i0ae in in!era!Based on !)a! one-! o* *ae, Brown and Levinson (19i!ed in S"r#anis, $%1' *or0"+a!ed !)a! -eo-+e )ave !ws)owed in o00"nia!ion3 T)ose are -osi!ive *ae, and*ae3

T)ere are *o"r s!ra!eies o* -o+i!eness -ro-osed .# BroLevinson (1987 as i!ed in S"r#anis, $%1' na0e+#4 Ba+dReord, Posi!ive Po+i!eness, Nea!ive Po+i!eness, and O


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1. Bald-on Record Strate

Yo" are -re!endin as a *a!)er or0o!)er3 I! is rainin o"!side,0eanw)i+e #o"r son wan!s !o oo"!3 6)a! wi++ #o" sa# !o )i0


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1. Bald-on Record Strategy

In .a+d5on reord s!ra!e# is 0os! +ie+# "sed !o s)o!)e .# !)e S, e0.arrass !)e0, or 0ae !)e0 *ee+ a.i! "no0*or!a.+e3

T)is !#-e o* s!ra!e# is o00on+# *o"nd wi!) -eo-+ew)o now ea) o!)er ver# we++3

T)is s!ra!e# onsis!s o* so0e 0eanin*"+ "!!eraness") as a'3 An e0eren# :e+-;


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S"r#anis ($%1' done a resear) .# inves!ia!ed !)e -o+i!eness

s!ra!eies "sed .# Ba+inese 0i?es 0arriaes *a0i+ies in /i!i! vi++ae3

T)e )"s.and as -ri0ar# s".>e! and wi*e as seondar#s".>e!3 T)e onversa!ion was done in !)eir )o0e3 T)e-ri0ar# s".>e! was -iin "- a .a o* rie w)i+e -assin )iswi*e and !)en said “awas alu awas, mih baat gati!” w)i)0eans :watch out for awhile watch out! It’s so heavy e! were !a+in a.o"! !)e res"+! o* !)e na!iona+e?a0ina!ion in !)eir )o0e3 A! !)e end o* !)e onversa!ion,!)e -ri0ar# s".>e! said :mi… kenken ne adi nduk gati…lengeh buah… hahaha< w)i) 0ean :how could be asthat small? Stuid… hahaha…<


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T)e in!er+o"!ors were *a0i+# in !)e sa0e ae T)e onversa!ion was done in !)e s )o0e3 In!)is si!"a!ion, S "nderes!i0a!es s a.i+i!# .#*ree+# said :miiii… "? #engeh tii cai < $whatSi%? &ow stuid you are!' e?-ress )isdisaree0en! *ree+# .# asin .a !o !)es-eaer .# sa#in :(ing” $damn it'


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2. Positive PolitenessStrategy.

I* #o" don! )ave 0one#, ."!#o" )ave !o ."# a .oo, w)a!wi++ #o" sa# !o #o"r 0o!)er or*a!)er !o 0ae !)e0 )a--# andive #o" 0one#


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Posi!ive -o+i!eness is 0ore e0-)asied on ana--roa) o* in!i0a# in 0ain!ainin so+idari!#3

In !)e -osi!ive -o+i!eness, -eo-+e !end !o 0ini0ie !)edis!ane .e!ween !)e0 .# e?-ressin *riend+iness andso+id in!eres! in !)e )earers need !o .e res-e!ed3

Posi!ive -o+i!eness is "sed !o 0ae !)e addresses *ee+ood a.o"! )i0se+*, )is in!eres!s, )is -ossessions, andare 0os! "s"++# "sed in si!"a!ions w)ere !)e a"dienenows ea) o!)er *air+# we++3 I! is a+so "sed !o avoidoni! and !o do so0e!)in desired .# !)e s-eaer3


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6ir#a ($%1$' done a resear) on !)e "se o* -osi!ive-o+i!eness s!ra!e# .# Bra)0ana -eo-+e in Ban>arvi++ae3

:)urusang malinggih, amura *iang ten meduenai < T)is "!!erane was s!a!ed .# !)e )o"se owner (ano+d wo0en, Bra)0ana -erson' !oward !)e "es! (a#o"n wo0en, S)"dra'3 T)a! sen!ene 0eans :+lease,sit down I’m sorry I don’t have anything $for you'

A! !)e Crs! !i0e 0ee!in !)e owner and !)e "es! 0e!,!)e owner a++ed )erse+* :niang< or :grandma<


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T)e o+der sis!er (Bra)0ana' wan!ed )er#o"ner .ro!)er (Bra)0ana' !o o !o s)oo+3B"!, !)e #o"ner .ro!)er s!a!ed : ntos I+andu< w)i) 0eans :I’m waiting for+andu


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In !)e o!)er si!"a!ion, !)e seondar#s".>e! was S"dra and !)e -ri0ar#s".>e! was Bra)0ana3 T)e seondar#s".>e! was !e++in a.o"! )er e?-eriene

T)e "!!eranes :0, kan beten tongosento toh?< or :1his lace is in bottomisn’t it?<


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3. Negative PolitenessStrategy

I* Yo"r *riend wan! !o .orrow#o"r 0one#, 0eanw)i+e #o"don! )ave an#, w)a! wi++ #o"

sa# !o re*"se )is)er re="es!


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Nea!ive -o+i!eness s!ra!e# is deCned .#Brown and Levinson as, :redressive a!ionaddressed !o !)e )earers nea!ive *ae )iswan!s !o )ave )is *reedo0 o* a!ion"n)indered and )is a!!en!ion "ni0-eded


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6ir#a ($%1$' was inves!ia!e !)e Bra)0ana Peo-+e in Ban>arvi++ae a+so *o"nd !)e nea!ive -o+i!eness s!ra!e#3

T)e onversa!ion !oo -+ae a! /"s Ba#"s )o"se3 T)eonversa!ion was .e!ween /"s Ba#"s *a!)er and /"s .a#"3 /"sBa#"s *a!)er .ea0e Pri0ar# S".>e! and /"s Ba#" .ea0eSeondar# S".>e!3 T)e !o-i was !rainin -rora0 a! s)oo+3 T)

"!!erane :0h gih, selegang nake mla2ah, samunangmelali doen gaene dados melali anggen engalaman,tai gus harus inget masukne masih, ang a2ik sing rugingemasukang< 6)i) 0eans “0h yes, you have to studyhard )on’t lay around only 3eah, you can lay but, it is

2ust to give you an e%erience, however, you have toremember that school is imortant”


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T)e o+der sis!er (Bra)0ana' wan!ed )er #o"ner .ro!)er(Bra)0ana' !o o !o s)oo+ i00edia!e+#3 S)e "sed nea!ive-o+i!eness s!ra!e#, “di sing masuk? 4nggalin nakemasuk” w)i) 0eans “5hy not go to school? &urry u!”

“de6ade gen cerike ene masuk masuk malu” or “5hat achildish! (ome on! /o to school”

@ro0 !)e "!!eranes iven .# -ri0ar# s".>e!, !)e seondar#s".>e! was s-on!an!+# "sed Basa a+"s !o re-+ied “/ih, tenkenai nike” w)i) 0eans “yes 1here is no need”


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T)ere was a+so a .ear a0e !o !)e -ri0ar#s".>e!s )o0e, )e ased *or so0e rie3 T)e-ri0ar# s".>e! re*"sed !o ive )i0 rie .#"sin Basa A+"s or -o+i!e +an"ane s") as“1en wenten nai driki ak 1yang ten

ngelah nai” w)i) 0ean :1here isnothing here, Sir I do not haveanything<


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4. Of-Record Strategy

I* #o"r *riend addressee #o" wi!)!)e word 2s!"-id ."! a!"a++# #o"now !)a! )es)e )as a sa0ea!!i!"de, w)a! wi++ #o" sa# !)e0


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Aordin !o o+!rave ($%%$, as i!ed in6ir#a, $%1$', o5reord -o+i!eness is !)e-ro!o!#-e o* indire! o00"nia!ion3Reardin !)is !#-e o* -o+i!eness, !)is s!ra!e#is deCned as :!)e avoidane o* "ne="ivoa+

i0-osi!ions< (Brown and Levinson, 1987 asi!ed in 6ir#a, $%1$'


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T)e onversa!ion was .e!ween si.+ins, !)eo+des! .ro!)er and !)e #o"nes! .ro!)er3 T)es!a!e0en! s!a!ed .# !)e o+des! .ro!)er !os)ow !)a! )is #o"ner .ro!)er a+so )ad si0i+aa!!i!"de3 T)e "!!erane :ah cai bise doen

be (are cai tusing doen< 0ean :ah youare 2ust kidding me3 #ike it doesn’t soundlike you, right?<


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T)ere was a "ess (s"dra as!e' visi!ed/rand0as )o"se (Bra)0ana as!e', )e ased!o 0ee! /rand*a!)er (Bra)0ana as!e'3 es!a!ed )is in!en!ion +ear+# .# sa#in :nikiniang, ngidih tulung ngae bubungan


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T)e "!!eranes :)ayu be ngae +7 soof? 8ansabtu ngumul )ayu< or : )ayu have you .nishedwith your soof homework? Isn’t this Saturdaythat we have to submit it?< !)e onversa!ion wasdone a! s)oo+ .e!ween da#" and )er *riend in !)e sa0ae3

T)en !)e in!er+o"!or ased “-en kao kenken?” w)i0ean “how about you?” s"dden+#, s)e re-+ied .#"sin o5reord s!ra!e# aain “be, kule sing tawangbeneh ken sing” w)i) 0ean “I have, but I don’tknow if it is correct or not 3<


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SOLIDARITY


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So+idari!#, aordin !o Lon0an Di!ionar#, F!) edi!ion $%%9, is +o#a+!# and enera+ aree0en!.e!ween a++ !)e -eo-+e in a ro"-, or .e!weendieren! ro"-s, .ea"se !)e# a++ )ave a s)ared ai0

I! an .e viewed as "ni!# .ased on o00"ni!# o*in!eres!s, o.>e!ives, and s!ands3

G li ti i


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Generalizations concerningaddress systems

As-e!s o* soia+ re+a!ions)i-s, s") as dis!ane, so+idari!# orin!i0a# are iven +in"is!i e?-ression .# address s#s!e0sonsis!in o* a T/V dis!in!ion and address !er0s3 T)is wa#,s-eaers are iven !)e )ane !o ei!)er .e 0ore *or0a+ or +ess*or0a+ wi!) !)eir in!er+o"!or on er!ain oasions (ie# $%%74'3

T G B)s

T" Go"s Peranis

T" Gos La!in

T# G# R"sia

T" Lei I!a+ia

D" Sie Her0an

He Be+anda

Jowe Pan>enenan Hawa

an !i!i#an Ba+inesse


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ddress !erms

Address Ter0s are words, -)rases, na0es, !i!+es (or so0eo0.ina!ions o* !)ese' "sed in addressin so0eone3 A !er0 o*address 0a# .e *riend+#, "n*riend+#, or ne"!ra+ res-e!*"+,disres-e!*"+, or o0rade+#.


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"actors t#at govern t#e c#oiceo$ terms

6ard)a") (1998' +ai0s !)a! i* we +oo a! w)a! is invo+ved inaddressin ano!)er, i! see0s !)a! a varie!# o* soia+ *a!ors "s"a++#overns o"r )oie o* !er0s4 !)e -ar!i"+ar oasion !)e soia+s!a!"s or ran o* !)e o!)er se? ae *a0i+# re+a!ions)i-o"-a!iona+ )ierar)# !ransa!iona+ s!a!"s( i3e3, a servieeno"n!er, or a do!or5-a!ien! re+a!ions)i-, or one o* -ries!5-a!ien!rae or deree o* in!i0a#3


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%inds o$ ddressing !erms

A ons!r"!ion in w)i) a s-eaer or wri!er dire!+# addressesano!)er individ"a+ a+so !)e na0e o* !)e individ"a+ w)o isaddressed, onven!iona++#, !)a! individ"a+s na0e is o .# ao00a3

e33 :N#o0an, 0# .ro!)er, is +ivin in Ta.anan<


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&onori'c ddress

I! is "sed !o s)ow res-e! or soia+ dierene3 A0on !)e )onoriCin ever#da# "se in En+and and !)e ni!ed S!a!es one Cnds 0an#no!a.+e diverenes .e!ween !)e !wo +an"aes


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(ocative ddress

I! is "sed !o address a reader or +is!ener dire!+#, "s"a++# in !)e *or0o* a -ersona+ na0e, !i!+e, or !er0 o* endear0en!3

e33 :O"r *a!)er, w)o are in !)e )eaven, )a++owed .e !)# na0e333<(T)e Lords Pra#er'


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B# so+idari!# Peo-+e an disri0ina!e o!)

!)ro") +an"ae• 6i!) so+idari!# One an dis!in"is) o!)

!)ro") +an"aewi!) !)e a.i+i!# !o "se +an"ae, +an"an .e "sed !o dis!in"is) !)e o!)ersw)e!)er )e o0es *ro0 wi!) a dierenaen!33


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Dis"ssion

P+ease wor in ro"-, 0ae onversa!ion in Ba+inese w)i) "ses !)ee?-ressions india!in -o+i!eness andso+idari!# and ana+#e !)e "!!erane

"se .ased on Brown and Levinson !)eor#and ie# !)eor#3

Politeness & Solidarity Ppt Baru

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