Policy of Regional Division:Developing Closeness, Convenience and Accessibility of Service

(Study about Impacts of Regional Divisionin Regency of West Bandung Province of West Java)

Utang SuwaryoDepartment of Government

Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, IndonesiaUtang_59@yahoo.com

Dede Sri KartiniDepartment of Government

Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesiadedekartini@yahoo.com

RudianaDepartment of Government

Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, IndonesiaRudiana1974@gmail.com

Abstract-The current decentralization format in Indonesiagovernance right now is applied, enabling the local governmentgiving services more effectively to the people. This is because localgovernment having a bigger role and more strategically in executingdevelopment, including accommodating aspiration of the people asmaterial to executing the development plan in the region. Along withdecentralization format being applied, thus expected will increasingthe governance effectivity. Aspiration of division an autonomousregion happened because various problem in wide society thattriggers dissatisfaction of the people towards the government anddemands for solution and one of them is forming another region andnew governance, with some expectation that will create prosperitybecause the role of government will be more effective and efficient sothat the government function as service, development andempowerment will be executed well.

Keywords: decentralization, division of region, government services

1. INTRODUCTIONExistence of the government is meant to be fulfilling needs

of the people as the “governed” parties. Corresponding with thedevelopment of the age, the needs of people is increasing andgrowing more complex because at the same the governmentforced to fulfill a quality services. In the context of governance,that demands is related with primary function that attached to thegovernment namely service.

In order to execute a quality service, the government needsto understands all the needs of the people. This can be fulfilled ifthere’s a close relationship between government and thegoverned. There are many ways that can be done by thegovernment to draws closer itself with the governed one of themis giving the people some authority to manage and/or take caretheir own interest through decentralization policy,deconcentration, or helping duties. But in case of Bandung Baratregency, the government doing more than giving the authoritypartially. With splitting an autonomous region then they’re given

not just some little authority to them but also forming new localgovernment. Therefore the relationship between government andgoverned becoming more tangible because the distance is gettingcloser.

Since formed based on UU No.12 Tahun 2007 tentangPembentukan Kabupaten Bandung Barat di Propinsi Jawa Barat(Forming West Bandung Regency in West Java Province), thenit’s been more or less 10 years West Bandung Regencyorganizing governance in their region.

II. SCOPE OF QUESTIONIn reality various aspiration in splitting region is a problem

that related with basic needs of the people as lack of governmentservice towards people’s needs, not optimal developmentespecially in infrastructures and gap in development andopportunity for the people to accsess public service and that iscreating social jealousy. Based on that, then bring up a question:how is the impact of division of a region in giving service to thepeople in Bandung Barat Regency?

III. DISCUSSIONFrom the research it is known that Bandung Barat Regency

government is considered is fail to develop close relationshipwith their people. This assessment can be proven by seeing thequantity of complaints related to public service that executed bythem in 10 years. The quality of their public service in BandungBarat Regency after the division is considered poor, even in casepermissions for mini-market allegedly occurs illegal chargespractices. This illegal charges practices also occurs in departmentthat related to public services as in e-KTP service. Hence, theirperformance is considered not able to fulfill affordability andconvenience of service to the society.

254 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press.

International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG 2017)Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163

Along with information mentioned above, results ofinterview with some informants is shown some other issue thatbecomes obstacle in building relationship between governmentand the governed. The field that is highlighted is education andhealth. Evidently in some village and districts, people is havingdifficulties to educate their children in primary school becausethere’s no middle school at the village or their districts. Theimpact is to continue their education they have to go to anotherdistrict with the distance furthering away. Whilst in health, needsof existence a health center (Puskesmas) is very perceived.

Responding and following up various problem appearing,Bandung Barat Regency doesn’t staying silent and keep makingefforts to improve so relationship between the government and thegoverned closer. There’s some efforts that done by Bandung BaratRegency Government to close themselves to their people. Theeffort is brings the service closer through their district that has beendone in 2016 using public choice approach. The other effort isdeveloping incentive system for service unit that succeed to satisfycostumer or people. The effort developing close relationshipthrough their district is set by the government through PeraturanMenteri Dalam Negeri No. 4 Tahun 2010 tentang PedomanPelayanan Administrasi Terpadu Kecamatan (Paten). This effortbecomes the foremost effort to Bandung Barat Regencygovernment considering geographical conditions their regionbecause the distance between village to district relatively far away.Other things that considered is position of district as frontline ofexecuting governance, development and service.

In the year 2017, Bandung Barat Regency governmentpreparing village website that intended to be used for informingdevelopment, service and various events that has been and hasnot executed. But, out of 165 village which exist in BandungBarat Regency, it has been 2(two) village that already haswebsite that is Desa Tnimulya Kecamatan Ngaamprah and DesaKertamulya kecamatan Padalarang.

Other efforts is forming 10 (ten) new organizationalstructure and working procedure (SOTK) that done in 2017. Theestablishment of new working procedure (government agencies)is intended to draws the government closer to the people becausewith existence of new government agencies between them isdemographic affairs agency, civil registry service, food securitydepartment, the people will find it convenient to convey theiraspirations or demands towards the public service. Not justworking procedure, building or room filled with officials.Therefore the people will feel confortable and safe when theywant to take care of their needs for instance making KartuKeluarga.

Forming local Hospital at Cililin, Lembang, andCikalongwetan is another effort by the government to drawscloser the government to their people. The existence of thisHospital obviously is a tangible effort because the people willhelped and serviced for better quality of medical examination andtreatment. Other than that, Bandung Barat Regency governmentbuilding partnership with some referral hospital outside BandungBarat.

Related to their human resources (apparatus), BandungBarat Regency Government also prepared them to be improvedas well as done by department of transportation. To improvequality of their apparatus, the department is conducting coachingfor employee, field officer, parking attendant, retributioncollectors which is also done in 2017. Later on they also prepareone terminal that could bring image that Bandung Barat Sehat.

For demographical administration, especially forchildren aged 0-17 years less one day, Bandung Baratgovernment launched Kartu Identitas Anak (KIA) in 12 August2017. This program is really a follow up from Peraturan MenteriDalam Negeri No. 02 Tahun 2016 tentang KIA, PeraturanDaerah Nomor 7 tahun 2016 tentang PenyelengaraanAdministrasi Kependudukan, and Peraturan Bupati BandungBarat No. 43 Tahun 2016 tentang Peraturan Pelaksana PeraturanDaerah as mentioned above especially in article 24.

Other activities that done as an effort to build closerelationship is providing complaining service online andestablishing task force Saber Pungli. Those two things intendedto response various complaints from the people related withillegal charges in execution of governance and public service.

Building close relationship with the people also done bythe Bandung Barat Regency government with planning onsplitting several village. Along with that indirectly access forservice becomes closer. At this time the effort is still onassessment level with using third parties because based on UUNo. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, the initiative of forming newvillage now held by the central government or local governmentregency/city.

From various effort that has been done by BandungBarat Regency government, showing that almost all the effort isphysical activities either its infrastructure or rules. Which mean ifusing institutional approach, the effort of Bandung Barat Regencygovernment to build closer relationship with the governed is onthe right track. However, the nature of it just physical closenessnot socially or psychologically. It means the closeness thatobtained just making the distance closer.

For instance to complain governance problem,development and service is provided various structure and rules asvillage website and online service complaining, but if it notsupported by responsive act then it will be difficult to buildingcloseness with the governed. Bandung Barat Regency effort inbuilding close relationship with the governed will be hard toobtain. With choice of act like that, possibly what will happen willdrive the government (Bandung Barat Regency Government) withthe governed (people of Bandung Barat especially MandalasariVillage and Rancapanggung Village) apart.

Although Bandung Barat Regency is best autonomousregion in Indonesia with highest grade among 57 other that formedyear 2007-2009. Yet, this accomplishment doesn’t include closerelationship between government towards the governed.Assessment based on the report of execution of local governmentto central government (Laporan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahdaerah kepada Pemerintah) and accountability report head of localgovernment to local parliament( Laporan Pertanggungjawaban

255

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163

Kepala Daerah kepada DPRD) and LPPD. Another criteria isforming local instrument organization, hiring personnel, hiringmember of local parliament, execution of obligated andalternative duties, financing, assets acquisition, equipment anddocuments, implementation of regional boundaries, providinginfrastructure of governance, preparation of general planning ofregional spatial and transfer of capital for region that capitalbeing transferred.

From many criteria above obviously that the assessmentof the best new autonomous region only limited by the things thatphysical. Whilst related to public service, prosperity of the people,closeness between the government and the governed that seenfrom its responsivity, doesn’t become consideration. In this case,certainly Bandung Barat Regency government doesn’t in thewrong position when things that pursued is suitable for the criteriathat set by the Central Government. Therefore, we also have toappreciate for the accomplishment they’ve made.

Developing the Convenience and Access of Public Service inBandung Barat Regency

Ten years for certain is not enough time to executegovernance and development as good as autonomous region thatformed long before. Bandung Barat Regency Government in thisearly decade is trying to manage the governance to actualize asmart, rational, developed, religious and healthy people based onthe region potential development and empowerment. To actualizethat they has set several mission among them is related with effortthat improve the service quality which convenient and accessible.

Based on the research that focused on administrative publicservice, various services is identified such as certificate ofincompetence, KTP, KK, certificate of transfer, marriage, deathinformation, deed of sale and purchase, location permission, IMB,and various business permission, etc. Based information fromseveral informants says they’re haven’t been taken care of all typesof services because of their needs. For commoners, types ofservices generally limited such as making of KTP, KK, certificateof incompetence (SKTM), whereas for the one who’s been tryingto become entrepreneur also making business permissioncertificate, marriage certificate, birth certificate and IMB. Othertypes of services solely needed by limited circles. This informationfrom the village government is corresponds with the informantsanswer that placing the service of making KTP, KK, SKTM, as thetypes of service that most needed by people. As for other serviceslike IMB, deeds of sale & purchase/APBH, often done in industrialand trading sector as Padalarang and Lembang.

All types of services mentioned generally should be done orhandled by every person in Bandung Barat that needed it. Yet inthe reality, many people that demand help from the villagegovernment or district apparatus in the process. This request forhelp certainly require cost because there’s no budget from thevillage and district to helping the process, for instance just fortransportation to related government agencies which the mileageis far. Therefore, in the context of helping the process, villageand district apparatus act as an unofficial service provider.

Although newly entered 1 (one) decade, evidently the serviceswhich executed by Bandung Barat Regency Governmentespecially in case of administrative service is getting a goodassessment. Support on facility aspect and infrastructure in publicservice is determining in people’s opinion as seen in tangibleaspect. Entering second 5 (five) years, Bandung Barat Regencygovernment is developing various facility or infrastructureintensely either building or based on technology to support theexecution of governance and service. As explained in previousdescription, the government effort to build close relationship isthrough various activities, among them is intended to making theservice more convenient and accessibly to the people. Theirsuccess to developing infrastructure also one of the reason thatmakes the Central Government (Home Affairs Minister)appreciate them as newly autonomous region with highest score.

Proficiency of the public service administrators in thisadministrative field also assessed relatively good by the people orcompetent enough. But this special assessment is given towardsthe village government since the people generally handle theiradministrative process until village government only.Furthermore the handling is done by village or district apparatus.By giving them extra cost for transportation from the village todistrict and to regency. This good assessment from the people togovernment is also related with competency that needed by theapparatus solely limited with the apparatus skills in operatingdevices to be able to give satisfying service from swiftness,carefulness and dexterity aspect. Problem only occurs inapparatus accuracy when finishing the service. Therefore can besaid that is seen from the aspect of reliability. Bandung BaratRegency government that represented by the village and districtgovernment is able to show that. This condition also giving thepublic service convenience and accessible which executed by thegovernment since the people can handle the process until villagegovernment. If considering the cost that needs to be incurred thenaccessible doesn’t actualize because for many people with extracost for the process of making KTP, KK, or SKTM the service isbecoming inaccessible. But, evidently the extra cost is stillcheaper than handled by themselves. Other than the bigger costbecause of the mileage and transportation, in terms of time iscertainly taking more. Moreover if that administration processcan’t be done straight away because of various problem, one ofthem is the official who signing it is not in place.

In the third aspect that is responsiveness, once againespecially for administration service, Bandung Barat Regencygovernment is receiving pretty good judgement. This assessmentcannot be separated from several improvement efforts to actualizequality public service. In this case, Bandung Barat Regencygovernment relying on attitudes and act which responsive of theirapparatus either village or district. This also means, villagegovernment and district government is becoming frontline forBandung Barat Regency government in response of everycomplaints from the people on public services which executed bythem. Complaints from the people generally related to mistakessuch as name, birth, photo, etc. But the village and district

256

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163

apparatus considered responsive enough by the people becausethe correction was done immediately.

Because of good responsiveness to the public complaintshave a significant impact on the assessment of the aspect ofassurance. Generally , the public also assess the governmentgiving enough assurance on service accessible and convenience.The problem that occurs in this aspect is involving cost and timethat needed to process administrative interest (making KTP, KK,etc.) until finished. Related with cost, uncertainty is actuallyimpact of extra cost for the process which executed by the villageand district apparatus indeed never set a fixed cost. Hence, howmuch the cost is set by capability and generosity of one thatrequiring help and administration needed. But, this doesn’t ruleout the possibility if we refer to the information there’s illegalcharges as explained before so uncertainty of cost is proven ifattributed with cost of illegal charges before. This extra cost moreor less inflicting to uncertainty of time that needed for the process.From the information we know certainly there’s an offer fromvillage/district apparatus related with time of the process thatcorrelates with how much cost charged. One of them isconsidering transportation cost for collectivized process and not.

Implementation of public service which convenient andaccessible also must fulfill emphaty aspect. Apparatus attitude isone of the factor and the connection with the effort of buildingclose relationship with public then emphaty is very important.Based on research it is known that generally the public asses thatthe apparatus attitude is good enough shown from their delicacy tothe people when they’re taking care of their interest. Thegovernment is considered understands towards the public problemfor instance when one needs SKTM is free of charge when helpedin the process. Once again, village and district government plays abig role for Bandung Barat Regency government in executingservice with emphaty. For the people emphaty from thegovernment is giving them comfort and convenience in handlingtheir behalf, so the service felt more accessible.

Based on the explanation above, apparently thecorrelation between division of region and convenience andaccessibility of public service especially on less visible field. Thisis because, one who works for actualize convenience andaccessibility mentioned above is district and village government.The public also indirectly handling their interest by themselvessince asking for help to district and village apparatus. For thepeople who resident far from local government, appealing for helpis rational act. Different case might experienced by one who

coincidentally resident closer with the government, place tohandle the administration mentioned.

In this case can be said that without splitting the region andthe convenience and accessible on public services, if theconsideration as explained above, can be actualized. As long asvillage and district apparatus willing to help the people processtheir administrative needs, public service will be convenient andaccessible. Parties that experienced more convenient andaccessible public service in this context are camat, apparatus andvillage government.

IV. CONCLUSIONSo that division of region becomes useful for convenience

and accessible of public service, then what Bandung BaratRegency government must do is to “divide” various types ofpublic service organized by them especially related withmechanism and procedure. Strategy that might be done isidentifying and mapping various types of service that can bedone in village level and district level. Afterwards formulate apolicy that relates redirects or delegation of serviceimplementation mentioned and policy that gives space and powerto district and village government related to public serviceimplementation. If this is done so regional division will mean onconvenient and accessibility of public service. And indirectly thecloseness between government and the governed will more likelyto actualize because as explained above one who becomesfrontline in governance especially public service is district andvillage government.

REFERENCES

1. Kencana, Inu, Sistem Pemerintahan Indonesia. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta, 20112. Kooiman, Modern Government (new Government-Society Interaction.

Sage Publication. London, 19933. Muttalib.,M.A & Moch. Akbar Ali Khan, Theory Of Local Government.

International Publisher. Sterling Publisher PVT LTDL-10 Green ParkExtension New Delhi, 1982

4. Pramusinto, Agis & Purwanto, Erwan Agus, Reformasi Birokrasi,Kepemimpinan dan Pelayanan Publik (kajian tentang pelaksanaanotonomi daerah di Indonesia). Gava Media. Yogyakarta, 2009

5. Rasyid, M Ryaas. 2000. Makna Pemerintahan: Tinjauan Dari Segi EtikaDan Kepemimpinan. Jakarta: Mutiara Sumber Widya, 2000

6. Ratmadja, Ade, Dkk, Perjalanan Pembentukan Kabupaten Bandung BaratMenjadi Daerah Otonom Di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Bandung Barat: KomitePembentukan Kabupaten Bandung Barat (KPKBB), 2006

7. Sinambela,Poltak Lijan, Reformasi Pelayanan Publik. (Teori, Kebijakandan Implementasi). PT. Bumi Aksara. Jakarta, 2008

257

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 163