Policy Making. Who is involved in Policy making? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch...
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Transcript of Policy Making. Who is involved in Policy making? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch...
![Page 1: Policy Making. Who is involved in Policy making? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Bureaucracy Special interest groups Research groups.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649ebc5503460f94bc53cb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Policy Making
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Who is involved in Policy making?• Legislative Branch• Executive Branch• Judicial Branch• Bureaucracy• Special interest groups• Research groups• Corporations• State and local governments• Citizens
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Policy Making Process Recognizing the problem/agenda setting
Where is the need? Formulating the policy
Plan of action from various groups Adopting the policy
Official action taken – legislation, executive order, court decision
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Process cont’ Implementing the policy
Apply it to real situations, enforce, punishments
Evaluating the Policy Good and bad Changes Begin process all over again
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Types of Policies Economic Fiscal Monetary Foreign Military Social Regulatory
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Economic Policy Laissez-Faire
To leave alone Free market NO GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
Keynesian Economics (FDR) Government manages economy
Today Mix of both
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Fiscal Policy How does the government raise and spend money?
Income taxes (45%) Progressive tax
Social Insurance Tax (1/3 of revenues collected) Social Security and Medicare
Borrowing Deficit Spending
Other taxes Excise (Regressive), Estate, Customs, duties, tariffs
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Where does money go? $2.7 trillion federal budget Entitlement Programs
Required by law – Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, retirement pensions
National Defense National debt
Interest on debt
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Monetary Policy The government controlling money Inflation – too much $$ in circulation,
dollar value goes down Deflation – too little $$ in circulation Federal Reserve – independent from
government control, regulate $$ in circulation, adjusts interest rates
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Foreign Policy Prior 20th century – Isolationist WWI – WWII - Involvement Post WWII – Containment & Cold War United Nations
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Foreign Policy Goals Protect national Security International leadership – world peace Maintain balance of Power Cooperating to solve international
problems Promote human rights/democratic values Cooperative foreign trade and
globalization of trade in international organizations
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Who makes foreign policy?
• The President– Treaties with consent of Senate– Executive Agreements – no approval of Senate
• The Secretary of State– Chief coordinator of all governmental actions with
other countries• National Security council– Foreign/Military/economic policies that affect
national security• CIA– Gather analyze and transmits information
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Military Policy Secretary of defense – oversees Army,
Navy, Air Force President as Commander in Chief Joint Chiefs of Staff – military advisory
board; 5 members from all branches of military service
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Social policy “promote the general welfare” Health Care
Do we have a national health care system? No system but ok for research and regulation! The Public Health Service – research and
gather info FDA – regulate labeling and processing of food
& drugs Center for Disease control – reports on
diseases in North America
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Social Policy cont’ Welfare
Social Security – for elderly, poor, disabled
Medicare Medicaid Aid to Families with Dependent Children Food Stamps
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Social Welfare cont’ Education
Usually a state and local community issue Federal government intervenes
Higher education Project Head Start No Child Left Behind
Schedules, standards, testing, curriculum, teacher qualifications
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Regulatory policy Regulating business
Monopolies and fraud Regulating Labor
Worker safety, bargaining, equal employment opportunities
Regulating Energy and environment Department of energy EPA – clean water, air, and waste
disposal, pesticides, radiation
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Review questions for unit 5!