Police patrol preview

Copyrighted Material.

Police Patrol Operations with Police Communications SystemsFirst Edition

Philippine Copyright, 2013By: ChapterHouse Publishing Incorporated

All Rights Reserved.

The text of this book or any part hereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including copying, recording, storage in any informational retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Any unauthorized copying, reproduction, or dissemination of any portion of this book shall be prosecuted in accordance with law.

Published and Distributed by:ChapterHouse Publishing IncorporatedNovaliches, Quezon City

Edited by:The English Factorwww.englishfactor.com“Providing international-quality editorial services at reasonable costs.”

ISBN: 978-971-95775-3-9


TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION V

ACKNOWLEDGMENT VII

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2HISTORY OF POLICE PATROL 3Early Police 3English Police 4 Peel’s Nine Principles 6American Police 7Philippine Police 8 The Manila Police District 10Discussion Questions 13

CHAPTER 3PATROL IN POLICE OPERATIONS 15Theory of Preventive Patrol 16Patrol as the Backbone in Police Service 17Basic Types of Patrol 17Patrol-Related Programs of the PNP 18Discussion Questions 19


CHAPTER 4PATROL FUNCTIONS 21Preventive Enforcement 23Selective Enforcement 23Traffic Enforcement 23Calls for Service 24 Emergency Calls for Service 24 Routine Calls for Service 25 Calls for General Information 25Assisting Other Agencies 26Control of Public Gatherings 26Preservation of Evidence 26Inspectional Service 27Conduct Initial Investigation 27Criminal Apprehension 28Court Testimony 28Writing Reports 28Self Initiated Field Activity 29Occupational Information on Police Patrol Officers 30Discussion Questions 33

CHAPTER 5PATROL METHODS 35Foot Patrol 35Advantages of Foot Patrol 37Disadvantages of Foot Patrol 38Key Initiatives to Make Foot Patrol Succeed 38Strategic Planning for Foot Patrols 39Foot Patrol Tactics 40Motorized Patrol 40 Automobile or Mobile patrol 41 Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Patrol 41 One-Man Versus Two-Man Automobile Patrol 42 Conduct of Mobile Crew in Patrol Driving 43 Mobile Patrol Tactics 43 Helicopter/Air Patrol 44 Advantages and Disadvantages of Helicopter Patrol 44


Bicycle Patrol 46 Advantages of Bike Patrol 47 Disadvantages of Bike Patrol 47Specialized Patrol 48 Canine/Dog Patrol 48 Horse Patrol 49 Boat/Maritime Patrol 49 Team Policing 50 Television/CCTV Patrol 51 Detective Beat Patrol 52Discussion Questions 53

CHAPTER 6PATROL TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES 55Proactive Patrol System 56Orientation and Response Time to Calls 57Visibility Patrol Strategies 57Anatomy of a Crime 59Patterns of Patrol 59Patrol Observation 59General Vehicle Patrol Techniques 60Stopping Vehicles and Interrogating Drivers 62Factors to be Considered When Designing Patrol Beats 63Police Patrol and Observation 64Categories of Police Hazards 65Discussion Questions 67

CHAPTER 7PATROL PLANNING AND DEPLOYMENT 69Patrol Planning 69 Importance of a Patrol Plan 70 Objectives of Patrol Planning 70 Pre-requisite in the Conduct of Planning 71 Key Components of a Complete Plan 71 Types of Patrol Plans 72 Territorial Units in Patrol 74


High-Risk Areas for Patrol 75Patrol Personnel Management 75Patrol Force Deployment 76 Objectives of Patrol Deployment 77 Factors to Consider in Patrol Force Deployment 78Patrol Shift Scheduling 79 Shift Types 79 Shift Rotation 80Preparations for Patrol Operation 82Discussion Questions 85

CHAPTER 8COMMUNITY POLICING 87The Community-Oriented Policing System (COPS) Program 88COPS as Management Philosophy 88The Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO) Program 90Discussion Questions 91

CHAPTER 9POLICE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS 93Communication 93 Elements of Communication 94 Communication Channels 95 Tactical Operations Center 95 Direction of Flow of Communication 96 Essentials of a Police Communication System 97 Barriers to Communication 98 Feedback 98 Types of Feedback 99Police Telecommunications 99 Radio Communications 100 Frequency Bands 101 General Types of Radio Waves 101 Components of a Classic Radio Communication System 102New Technology 103 Fax Technology 103 Satellite Technology 103


Scanning Technology 104 Video Technology 105 Telephone Communications 105 Cellular Telephones 106Use of Phonetic Alphabet 106Official APCO Ten-Code Signals 107Discussion Questions 111

CHAPTER 10PNP PROCEDURES ON PATROL OPERATIONS 113GENERAL PROCEDURES 113Rule 1. POLICE BLOTTER 114Rule 2. POLICE UNIFORM 114Rule 3. POLICE NOTEBOOK AND PEN 114Rule 4. INTER-UNIT COORDINATION 114Rule 5. BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POLICE INTERVENTION OPERATIONS 115Rule 6. WARNING BY USE OF MEGAPHONES 115Rule 7. WARNING SHOTS 115Rule 8. USE OF FORCE 116Rule 9. MOVING VEHICLES 117Rule 10. THINGS TO BE DONE AFTER AN ARMED CONFRONTATION 117Rule 11. INVESTIGATION BY THE TERRITORIAL UNIT CONCERNED 118BASIC PROCEDURES 118Rule 12. PATROL PROCEDURES 118Rule 13. SPOT CHECKS /ACCOSTING AND PAT-DOWN SEARCHES 123Rule 14. ARREST 126Rule 17. SEARCHES AND SEIZURES 132Rule 18. CRIME SCENE RESPONSE PROCEDURES 136Rule 20. DEMOLITIONS, INJUNCTIONS AND OTHER SIMILAR ORDERS 138Rule 22. POLICE ASSISTANCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FINAL DECISIONS OR ORDERS OR RESOLUTIONS OF THE COMELEC OR DILG OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT


UNIT EXERCISING DISCIPLINARY POWERS IN ADMINISTRATIVE CASES OF ELECTED OFFICIALS 139SPECIAL PROCEDURES 141Rule 23. RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS 141Rule 24. CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS 149Rule 25. CHECKPOINTS 151Rule 26. HOSTAGE SITUATION/BARRICADED SITUATIONS 161Rule 29. BOMB, BOMB THREAT AND BOMB INCIDENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES 162

REFERENCES 167IMAGE CREDITS 169


1Introduction

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Police authorities throughout the world consider patrol as the most important component in any police organization. This is because patrol officers have direct contact with the public and project the authority and visibility of police service in the community. In fact, patrol is considered the “backbone of policing, the central aspect of police operations, and the center of police activity” (Walker & Katz, 2002). To a great extent, the physical presence of a patrol force can discourage an individual’s desire to commit a crime or violation.

The significance of patrol in police work was underscored by an influential leader and author, O.W. Wilson, who was Dean Emeritus of the School of Criminology at the University of California at Berkeley and a former police chief in Wichita, Kansas and Chicago, Illinois. In his book Police Administration, he stated that:

“Patrol is an indispensable service that plays a leading role in the accomplishment of the police purpose. It is the only form of police service that directly attempts to eliminate opportunity for misconduct. It also checks the development of desire for misconduct by destroying wholesome influences, by actively creating wholesome ones, and by probably influencing individual and group attitudes in its routine daily association with the public… Constant availability is important because time is of the essence in most police work. In addition to performing duties relating to incidents of misconducts, the complete coverage


2 Police Patrol Operations with Police Communications Systems

provided by patrol makes it available for other services. The Patrolman searches for and returns lost persons and property and informs and assists citizens. He serves as the eyes and ears of the police department by gathering information useful to the administration, to the special branches of police service and other city departments.” (Wilson, 1963)

The patrol force is considered to be the backbone or nucleus of the police service since it is responsible for the performance of practically all primary police tasks. Patrol officers can be considered the most valuable people in the police department because all activities radiate from them. A police department’s ability to carry out its functions depends greatly on the patrol officer’s 24/7 watchful vigilance. Hence, the patrol force is responsible for accomplishing the total police job.

Retired Police Major Isaias Alma Jose of the Manila Police District (MPD) constantly reminded his patrol officers that visibility and omnipresence is their psychological tool to make their presence felt, so as to give a feeling of security to the law abiding citizen and a feeling of fear to the would-be criminal. He was a highly respected police officer and my mentor as a student of criminology. He instilled in me the importance of performing patrol work -- which the objective is to prevent the commission of the crime by destroying the opportunity through constant and alert patrolling. He likewise inspired me to instill in others the crucial role of patrol operations in crime prevention; hence, the creation of this book. It is my sincere hope that police officers, criminology students and the general public realize the service that every patrol officer provides to the community.

This book aims to provide the requisite knowledge on police patrol, specifically in the Philippine setting. It is generally intended to facilitate the learning of criminology students, but it can also benefit the patrol officer seeking continuous learning or other students and professionals interested in the field of police operations, specifically in patrol work.


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