\video projects\ocsd\erica hill.wmv...\ex-deputy gets a break.wmv

...\Jaramillo reindicted.wmv

Social contract between public & police Public relinquishes authority to police

...in exchange... Demands that officers be properly guided

Span of control: number of subordinates Field sergeants often too few, results in

oversight rather than supervision Officers are often not candid

Developing expertise Rising through the ranks takes years LAPD: Officer (multiple levels) Sergeant Lieutenant

Captain Commander Deputy Chief Asst. Chief To become an executive one must avoid prolonged street-level

assignments, limits technical expertise

Sheriffs departments traditionally lessprofessionally-oriented than police Political role Sheriffs have great statutory latitude in selecting their

top subordinates Custody role can limit the development of law enforcement skills

Policing is a craft learned through practice and experience At each promotion deputies tend to go back to custody Deputies who choose to stay in the field can’t promote

▪ Those least experienced in policing are in charge of policing BUT - in the eastern U.S., sheriff’s departments have separate job

classifications and career tracks for custody and patrol deputies

Difficulties of leading a policing organization Everybody likes a fireman (nature of policing)

Obtaining and keeping resources Police usually half or more of local budget Must take a hit in recessionary times To get resources and retain their jobs must be politically savvy

and influential Reconcile competing interests

Community groups, political leaders, private businesses, police unions

Assure quality services Controlling policing is very difficult (oversight v. supervision) Must remain bonded to all levels of the organization

Appointed position Under supervision of Mayor or City manager Function makes oversight problematic Job security varies; traditionally tenures are brief

▪ L.A. City Charter was amended following the 1992 riots▪ LAPD Chiefs now have five year terms, can be reappointed once

Selection - California Traditionally from within the ranks or from nearby agencies Calif. does not require that chiefs complete a California academy Disturbances and police-community issues led L.A. to reach outside

▪ 1992-1997: Willie Williams (outsider - denied reappointment)▪ 1997-2002: Bernard Parks (insider - denied reappointment)▪ 2002-2009: Bill Bratton (outsider - reappointed 2007)▪ 2009 - : Charlie Beck (insider)

Other States are more open to outside Chiefs

Career Concerns & Emphasis Environment

1950-1966 William H. Parker Joined 1928Brought in to fight

corruption

ProfessionalizationPolitical intelligence

Anti-terrorism

Radical movements Domestic terrorism

1965 Watts riots

1967-1969 Thomas Reddin Considered an interim Chief

Community policing concept

Drug & gang violence

1969-1978 Edward M. Davis Joined 1948 Political intelligenceVice and prostitution

Basic car plan

Drug & gang violence

1978-1992 Daryl F. Gates Joined 1949Disciple of Parker

SWAT, CRASH, DARE Operation Hammer

Drugs & gangs1992 Rodney King Riot

1992-1997 Willie L. Williams Prior Philadelphia PDCommissioner

Denied reappointment

Repair relations with minority communities

1996-1998 Rampart scandal

1997-2002 Bernard C. Parks Career LAPD officerDenied reappointment

Integrity & discipline Rampart scandalCrime drop begins

2002-2009 William J. Bratton 1970 - Boston PD ofcrChief, Boston & NY

CompstatCommunity relations

Political climate

Crime drop continuesMacArthur Park

2009 - Charlie Beck 1975 - Joined LAPD as reservist

Admired “cop’s cop”

Streamline mgmt, consolidate special units,

return officers to field

Crime drop continuesCity financial crisis

LAPD Chiefs, 1950 to present

Elected political position, usually also coroner Lack meaningful supervision

California: subject to oversight by County Board ofSupervisors▪ But -- Boards are very reluctant to exercise that authority

Only real oversight is through the County budget process Sheriffs have wide authority to select and appoint subordinates;

can be abused▪ Example -- Carona’s appointments of Jaramillo and Haidl

Historically less professionally skilled than police chiefs Loose experience requirements (need only be a peace officer) No structured hiring process No significant educational requirements

In the East some Sheriffs are now appointed by County administrators

In charge of larger organizational units Geographical operational divisions Administrative components

Normally supervise employees who are themselves supervisors Distance from the actual work can promote ignorance

Of the workplace environment Of how the job is actually performed Of the qualities and reputations of field employees

Everyday tasks may be relatively trivial Dispersed nature of policing affects middle managers’ ability to

influence outcomes Middle managers styles may influence supervisor and officer

behavior

Caught between management and the field Officer demands Management expectations

Limited ability to select or influence subordinates Quality of “raw material” Supervision is really “oversight”

▪ Depends on officers telling the truth & voluntarily complying Exercising control problematic

Discipline can threaten bond with employees Managers may not back up potentially expensive or controversial

personnel decisions Supervisory styles said to influence officer decisions

Pro’s and con’s of “active supervisors” who lead by example

Formal communication Expected, sanctioned interactions Flow three ways:

▪ Down, as policy, directives, supervision,evaluation and training

▪ Laterally, between peers or units▪ Up, as reports and verbal feedback

Informal communication and the “grapevine” Where policy meets the workplace Used for venting Not always accurate; can be malicious Not always lateral: much informal communication between first-

level supervisors and subordinates

Authoritarian setting Discourages free exchange of information “line” vs. “staff”; superior -v- subordinate

Structure of policing Most critical task is done by those lowest on the totem pole Supervisors seldom in position to observe, depend on being told

Situational contingencies Insufficient time for adequate communication Insufficient time for reflection

POV - “Point of View” Different environments different pressures and constraints on the

actors Individual differences Strained interpersonal relationships

Free, unhindered exchange of accurate information (not just whatsomeone “wants to hear”) is crucial Leads to better, well-informed decisions at all levels Helps bond employees to managers and dept. goals

Personal styles of managers and executives are crucial: Bernard Parks - aloof, cerebral, haunted by past slights William Bratton - brusque, preferred to deal with managers,

emphasized performance measurement Charlie Beck - warm, oriented to street cops, less

enamored of the number-crunching Compstat approach What might be the consequences of these differences?

For the organization? For the community?

Computerized pin-map Frequent meetings to evaluate impact

Shift resources quickly in responseto changes in local crime trends

Short-term fluctuations can deceive “Rapid focused deployment” unrealistic without surplus personnel

Claimed effects highly questionable Crime declines have been experienced everywhere since the mid-

1990’s Reductions in crime influenced by social and economic factors Pressures of Compstat might distort reporting

Using Compstat to evaluate subordinates “Relentless follow-up and assessment” creates heavy pressure to

demonstrate quantifiable results Is quality easily measured? Is one rewarding “yes-men” or the

most competent? Police Issues: Liars Figure

Police Issues: Not All Cops Are Blue The original suit, filed in May 2009 by a Hispanic

lieutenant and four officers – a female Hispanic,a male Hispanic, an Armenian and a Black – characterized the department as “an insider’s club where if you aren’t white, male and heterosexual you had better keep your mouth shut and play along with the bigots or suffer the consequences.”

White cops and the former chief are accused of subjecting minority officers to slurs and slights, passing them over for desirable assignments and promotions and unfairly disciplining them.

According to the lieutenant he was harassed for hiring a qualified, openly gay female and was busted back to patrolman for reporting officer misconduct, with the chief going so far as to arrange his demotion with the police union.

A sixth officer filed a separate but nearly identical suit four months later. Excepting one of the original plaintiffs, whose cause of action was recently dismissed on technical grounds, the cases remain on track.

Police Issues: Not All Cops Are Blue Lawsuit filed in January 2010 on behalf of four current

and one former Glendale officers of Armenian ancestry, including two sergeants.  Alleges a pattern of hostile treatment and discrimination.

Examples of bias include the removal of a plaintiff from his position as GPD’s chief spokesperson, allegedly because he testified for another plaintiff, who was fired and was suing for reinstatement.

There are also examples of derogatory comments and of failed attempts to gain transfers and promotions.  And if Glendale really doesn’t discriminate, why do they have so few Armenian cops?

City argues that few Armenians apply to join the force and there are few vacancies.

Glendale insists it’s trying to do more, posting an announcement for an Armenian-fluent officer several months before the lawsuit.

In February 2011 six Glendale cops were placed on paid leave over complaints including alleged off-duty road rage and taking a police car to Vegas. Then in March two more were taken off the street, one for harassing a colleague to join an ongoing lawsuit, another for soliciting sex. It’s supposedly part of a new “zero tolerance policy” by Chief Ron de Pompa.

In April 2011 the officers who took the car to Las Vegas were fired.

Newport Beach Daily Pilot In September 2010 two retired NBPD lieutenants filed a claim

against the city saying they were harassed, reassigned and notpromoted because they didn’t go along with violations of personnel rules.

Apparently the former chief and city manager had agreed to let officers retire, then return to fill their prior positions under contract.

Six retired officers came back this way, saving money (the city didn’t have to pay benefits or contribute to retirement) but denied opportunities to others.

The city attorney later ruled that the agreements were illegal. There were other problems

A retired officer was brought back as chief without being subject to outside competition, which was also supposedly illegal.

A lieutenant won a lawsuit claiming that he had been passed over for promotions because of false rumors he was gay

An Irvine PD commander hired to investigate concluded that although integrity had been “marginalized,” favoritism hadn’t figured in promotions.

Differences in outlook A “job” or a “calling”?

Differences in backgrounds Culture, class, race and ethnicity Education Military and life experience

Differences in orientation Craftspersons -v- career minded Clashes between patrol and specialized units Competition for influence

Promotion issues Lack of opportunities in smaller agencies Subjectivity of the process Cliques and friendships

Federal Criminal investigators (GS-1811)

cannot join “unions”. Can joinassociations but no right to bargain collectively.

No Federal employee can strike or engage in a work action. State

Police unions OK, can collectively bargain Cannot strike or engage in work actions

Los Angeles Police Protective League (LAPPL) Powerful political force Traditional foe of LAPD chiefs on matters of pay and discipline Decisive factor in denying Parks a second term Helped pass California bill that makes police disciplinary hearings

private Suing LAPD for prohibition on wearing helmets during a

demonstration on 1/10/09. An officer was hit on the head with a sign and injured.

In the Presidential race (election 11/09) Brattonendorsed Hillary Clinton in the primaries, thenObama: “Democrats are much more supportive onpolicing issues. Republicans are just not good on local policing...” Bratton comes from New York City, where there is strict gun control

In the L.A. County 2nd. District Board of Supervisors race (election 11/09) endorsed Mark Ridley-Thomas over ex-police chief Bernard Parks: “I endorse [Thomas] not because I consider him to be my friend – I support Mark Ridley-Thomas because I respect him and what he has accomplished...”

In the L.A. City Attorney race (election 3/3/09) endorsed Councilman Jack Weiss: “Nobody has worked harder...on issues of gangs, terrorism and forensics testing....It is important to have somebody who doesn't need to have on-the-job training and has a good relationship with other law enforcement agencies and works well with them...” In the L.A. Mayoral race (election 3/3/09) Bratton endorsed Villaraigosa Meanwhile, L.A. County Sheriff Lee Baca earned the moniker “The Full

Baca” for endorsing two in the same race: Weiss and Carmen Trutanich (a guy)

L.A. Times commentary In 1991 the Christopher Commission was formed to make a

thorough review of the LAPD in wake of the Rodney King beating. Its chairman was Warren Christopher, later U.S. Secretary of State.

One of its conclusions: “The Independent Commission recommends that the Chief of

Police not endorse candidates for public office...Because the chief's office is inherently powerful, it is unseemly for the Chief to use that position to influence the political process...It is particularly ironic to create a system to insulate the Chief from improper political pressure, and then have the Chief use that protected position to campaign on behalf of politicians who thereby become indebted to him. Such activity politicizes the Chief, and ultimately the Department.”

L.A. County Sheriff Lee Baca issued official-looking “Homeland Security Support Unit” photo ID cards to political donors. Baca defended the practice by saying that it could save lives.

Riverside County Sheriff Bob Doyle issued badges to members of an “Executive Council” – actually, 17 persons who contributed to his re-election campaign. He said that members of the group had translated Arabic documents on two occasions. Two members of the group flashed the badges at law enforcement officers – one to get through airport security and onto the tarmac, another when police served a search warrant at his business on unrelated matters.

California law prohibits issuing realistic-looking police-type badges and ID cards to non-peace officers.

March 6, 2012: According to the Los Angeles Times L.A.County Sheriff Lee Baca’s political chums didn’t just getreserve badges – a few also got take-home cars

Sheriff Capt. Patrick Maxwell said he personally saw onewell-heeled contributor park his LASD car by his businessesfor years.

Sheriff’s Captain Phillip Hansen is in charge of the reserves. He was brought in to “clean up” the program after charges that politically-connected persons were getting badges by taking pretend classes at resorts.

When Capt. Hansen heard that some reserves were getting cars he worried that the program would get ridiculed. But when he called area commanders to find out he was told that who got the cars was confidential – even from him: “I basically got nicely told I really wasn't authorized to have that information.”

In 2011 the LASD refused to release information about take-home cars of four reserves who had supported Baca’s campaign. The reserves refused to talk to the paper. Baca then pulled the cars.

A federal grand jury subpoena seeks records from the Mike Carona Foundation.

In connection with an investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, a Federal Grand Jury issued a subpoena for all financial records held by a non-profit charity established by Orange County Sheriff Mike Carona shortly after his election. According to the Los Angeles Times, the foundation supposedly raised only $22,000 between 1999, the year Carona took office, and 2000. But in 2001 it allegedly raised $625,050, giving $15,000 to the Hispanic Education Endowment Fund. In 2002 it reportedly raised $100,000, gave away $199,800 and declared an ending balance of $484,159. Stated benefactors in 2002 include the Hispanic endowment fund, the O.C. Rescue Mission and others.

The California Fair Political Practices Commission is investigating allegedly illegal contributions made to Carona in 2002. Evidence suggests that a business associate of Carona’s ex-assistant, George Jaramillo, laundered a $200,000 contribution to Carona by pretending that it came from multiple donors.

In 2004 OCSD Assistant SheriffGeorge Jaramillo was charged withmultiple felonies for conflict ofinterest and misusing deputies,sheriff’s patrol cars and a helicopter forprivate gain. While employed as a consultant for CHG Safety Technologies Jaramillo promoted a car immobilizing device, staging demonstrations for the OCSD and other agencies.

Sheriff Mike Carona said that he had warned Jaramillo about a potential conflict of interest should he accept a position with CHG. Carona said that Jaramillo never brought it up again.He later fired Jaramillo.

Jaramillo eventually pled no contest to a felony and served six months. His sister-in-law, Erica Hill, supposedly was given a job with CHG as part of these shenanigans.

George Jaramillo

Ex-Garden Grove cop, left under a cloud and was hired by his then-buddy Mike Carona to be his number two man.

In November 2005 Erica Hill went public, charging that she had sex with Jaramillo as a teen-ager. She also said that she had sex with Sheriff Carona four times in exchange for a promise to make her husband a deputy.

Carona never hired the husband. For obvious reasons, the husband and Erica Hill separated.

Hill’s allegations were revealed when her Grand Jury testimony in the case against Jaramillo was released. Both Hill and Carona asked the California Attorney General to investigate.

Hill’s allegations ultimately went nowhere. After all, it was her word against “America’s Sheriff.” Who would you believe?

O.C. Sheriff Mike Carona’s grant of police powers to 86 friends,relatives and campaign supporters was revoked by the StateCommission on Peace Officers Standards and Training, whichruled that they were either unqualified, untrained or had notpassed necessary background checks. Those who got badgesand guns included an assortment of doctors, lawyers andbusinessmen who hosted fundraisers and contributed funds to Corona’s campaign. Several others were friends and relatives of the person who established the reserve program, former Assistant Sheriff Don Haidl, whose son was recently convicted of rape.

Despite an official finding that these reserve “deputies” lacked necessary training, Sheriff Carona tried to get them reinstated. He didn’t succeed.

Carona, the Orange County Marshal, waselected Sheriff in 1998, then re-electedtwice. OCSD Lt. Bill Hunt ran against himin 2006 and was demoted after he lost.

When he first took office Carona brought in Jaramillo from GGPD as Assistant Sheriff for operations. He also placed Donald Haidl, a businessman with no law enf. experience in a sworn, unpaid position as Asst. Sheriff for the reserves.

2004: Carona fired Jaramillo when the latter got in trouble for conflict of interest. In the same year Haidl resigned when his son was convicted of rape.)

In March 2007 Haidl and Jaramillo were secretly indicted on tax charges, Haidl for not declaring business funds he spent on his son’s defense, and Jaramillo for failing to disclose cash and other gifts he got from Haidl.

Haidl and Jaramillo ratted on Carona, accusing him of selling his office by accepting cash and gifts from Haidl and doling out badges and gun permits to contributors.

In October 2007 a Federal Grand Jury returned a multi-count indictment against Carona, his wife Deborah Carona and his mistress Debra Hoffman. (Charges against the women were later dropped.)

On 1/16/09 Carona was convicted on one count of witness tampering, for coaching Haidl. He wasacquitted on one count of conspiracy and three counts of mail fraud by depriving the public of the honest services of a public official. Jurors said they disbelieved the prosecution’s main witness, former Assistant

Sheriff Don Haidl, who testified that he gave Carona cash payoffs, but that a secretly taped conversation between the two was enough to convict Carona for trying to get Haidl to lie to the Grand Jury.

On 4/27/09 Carona got 5 ½ years. His appeal was eventually rejected and he reported to Federal prison on 1/26/11.

On 9/15/09 Jaramillo got 27 months in Federal prison. According to the judge he didn’t accept enough responsibility.

Haidl is to be sentenced in March 2010 on his plea to filing a false tax return. No prison time is expected.

Police Issues: Carona Five, Feds One