Topic 1: Structure of the Atom Topic 2: Chemical Bonds Topic 3
Polarity Bonds and molecules. Types of bonds Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy...
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Transcript of Polarity Bonds and molecules. Types of bonds Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy...
![Page 1: Polarity Bonds and molecules. Types of bonds Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy loses valence electrons to an atom of high ionisation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e245503460f94b129c9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PolarityBonds and molecules
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Types of bonds
Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy loses valence electrons to an
atom of high ionisation energy.
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Types of bonds
Covalent bonds occur when atoms of similar ionisation
energies share valence electrons.
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Types of bonds
Ionisation energy is the energy required to
remove loosely held valence electrons from an atom. A similar property is how well atoms attract or hold electrons when
bonding.
![Page 5: Polarity Bonds and molecules. Types of bonds Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy loses valence electrons to an atom of high ionisation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e245503460f94b129c9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of bondsThe name given to this electron attracting ability of atoms is electronegativity.
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Types of bonds
![Page 7: Polarity Bonds and molecules. Types of bonds Ionic bonds occur when an atom of low ionisation energy loses valence electrons to an atom of high ionisation.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e245503460f94b129c9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of bondsA very large difference in electronegativities between atoms in a bond will produce an ionic bond. A small difference produces a covalent bond.
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Types of bondsIf the atoms in a covalent bond have identical electronegativities then they will share the electrons equally.
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Types of bondsNeither end of the bond will be more negative than the other. This symmetrical bond is known as a non-polar bond.
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Types of bonds
If two atoms bond with slightly different electronegativities then one atom will have an uneven share of the electrons.
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Types of bondsThis unsymmetrical bond will have one end which is more negative than the other due to the electrons spending more time there.
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Types of bondsThis bond is said to have a dipole since each end is different. It is called a polar bond.
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eg hydrogen fluoride
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Types of molecules
The previous examples of molecules were diatomic. There is only one bond in each. If the bond is polar then the molecule is polar.
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Types of molecules
If the bond is non polar then the molecule is also non-polar. eg Cl2
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Types of molecules
If a molecule has more than one line of symmetry it will be non-polar.
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Types of molecules
eg BF3, CCl4, CO2
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Types of molecules
If a molecule has only one line of symmetry it will be polar.
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Types of molecules
CHCl3, NH3, H2O
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shape and polarity influence the chemical and physical properties
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Types of molecules