Polar Research Board nas/prb
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIESAdvisors to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
1 Polar Research Boardwww.nas.edu/prb
A Vision forInternational Polar Year 2007-08
A Vision forInternational Polar Year 2007-08
Chris Elfring, DirectorPolar Research Board
The National Academies www.us-ipy.org
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History of the “International Year” Concept
1882-1883: 1st International Polar Year 11 nations, moving beyond exploration to science,
first coordinated international science
1932-1933: 2nd International Polar Year 40 nations, meteorology, magnetism, radio science
1957-1958: International Geophysical Year 67 nations, global focus on geosciences and applying WWII technologies
2007-2007: 3rd International Polar Year Broad interdisciplinary focus, with emphasis on
environmental change, including human dimensions
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Evolution of IPY 2007-2008
Early discussions and PRB Forum - 2002 USA-UK IPY discussions - early 2003 ICSU forms IPY Planning Group - March 2003
Invites nations to participate Outlines IPY concept Drafts and circulates outline science plan Delivers “Framework” report to ICSU
US National Committee - Aug 2003 Encourages community input at conferences & web Nurtures agency involvement Articulates overarching IPY science issues in A Vision for
the IPY 2007-8 (NRC 2004) Hosts Interagency IPY Implementation Workshop in July
2004 and produces workshop report Continues role in coordination and communication
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IPY Concept
An intense, internationally coordinated campaign of polar observations, research and analysis that will further our understanding of physical and social processes in polar regions, examine their globally-connected role in the climate system, and establish research infrastructure for the future.
The IPY will galvanize new and innovative observations and research while building on and enhancing existing relevant initiatives.
Timeframe: 1 March 2007 – 1 March 2009
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Why International?
The polar regions play key roles in global processes that affect all nations
The science challenges exceed the capability of any one nation
A coordinated approach maximizes outcomes
International collaboration shares the benefits and builds common understanding
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Why a “Year”? Intensive burst of effort will accelerate progress
and initiate activities that couldn’t be done otherwise
Intensive investigations will lay groundwork for sustained assessments of environmental change and variability
Provides opportunity for observations at both polar regions over all seasons
Resulting enhanced infrastructure and observing systems will provide improved foundation for ongoing science
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Why 2007-2008?
Pressing need to understand change in the polar regions
Anniversary of past IPYs and IGY provides a firm deadline
Planning horizon is challenging but feasible
New advances in technology and logistics provide ways to address new issues and access new areas
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ICSU Leads First International Planning
Open process 30+ countries involved to date Over 20 National Committees formed 450+ research ideas
Individuals National committees International organizations
Social Science - Physical Science Dialog Produces Outline Science Plan and IPY
Framework Document
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Participating Nations(as of late 2004)
Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile China Denmark Finland France Germany India
Ireland Italy Japan Russia South Africa Sweden Switzerland Netherlands New Zealand Norway United Kingdom United States of America
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ICSU Framework for IPY
ICSU Framework Report includes: Science themes (6) Observational initiatives (6) Data management Education, outreach and communication Organizational structure IPY Criteria Suggested implementation process
New Joint Committee of ICSU-WMO now formed to continue international planning (March 7-11, 2005 in Paris)
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ICSU IPY Themes1. Determine environmental status of polar regions by
quantifying spatial and temporal variability.2. Quantify past and present environmental and human
change in the polar regions3. Advance understanding of polar - global teleconnections
on all scales and processes controlling these interactions4. Investigate the unknowns at the frontiers of science in the
polar regions.5. Use the unique vantage point of the polar regions to
develop and enhance observations on Earth and beyond (Earth's inner core, magnetic field, the Sun and beyond)
6. Investigate cultural, historical, and social processes that shape the resilience and sustainability of circumpolar human societies and identify their contributions to global cultural diversity and citizenship.
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ICSU Observational Initiatives1. Produce synoptic set of multidisciplinary observations
to establish the status of the polar environment in 2007-2008
2. Acquire key data sets necessary to understand factors controlling change in the polar environment
3. Establish a legacy of multidisciplinary observational networks
4. Serve as launch of internationally coordinated, multidisciplinary expeditions into new scientific frontiers
5. Help implement polar observatories to study important facets of Planet Earth and beyond
6. Create datasets on the changing conditions of circumpolar human societies from the First IPY 1882-83 to the present
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ICSU IPY Criteria1. Makes significant advances within one or more IPY themes2. Involves at least one polar region and takes place in timeframe3. Contributes to international collaboration 4. A viable management plan and organisational structure5. A viable approach for securing funding6. A viable plan for securing appropriate logistical support 7. Agrees to the principles of IPY data management and proposes a
viable data management plan8. A viable plan or approach for education, outreach and
communication activities9. Foster the next generation of polar researchers10. Provides opportunity for a legacy (observation sites, facilities,
systems)11. Builds on existing plans and initiatives or at least does not conflict12. Has interdisciplinary elements (team, project etc.)13. Is “endorsed” by one or more National Committees
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Why The National Academies?
President Lincoln established the National Academy of Sciences as an independent scientific advisor to the nation.
The NAS is the adhering US organization to ICSU.
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US National Committee for IPY2003-2005
Mary Albert, Chair, ERDC CRREL
Cecilia Bitz, Washington
John Kelley, Alaska-Fairbanks
Douglas Wiens, Washington at St. Louis
Igor Krupnik, Smithsonian Institution
Louis Lanzerotti, Bell Labs/Lucent Technologies
Philip Smith, McGeary & Smith
Jerry Bowen, CBS News
Richard Glenn, Arctic Slope Regional Corporation
George Somero, Stanford
Cristina Takacs-Vesbach, New Mexico
Robert Bindschadler, NASA - GSFC
David Bromwich, Ohio State
Gunter Weller, Alaska-Fairbanks
Jacqueline Grebmeier, Tennessee
Peter Schlosser, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Chuck Kennicutt (Ex-officio) Texas A&M
Terry Wilson (Ex-officio) Ohio State
Patrick Webber (Ex-officio) Michigan State
Robin Bell (Ex-officio) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
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US National CommitteeGuides US Planning
Outreach to science communities Outreach to agencies Strong influence on international planning Open and inclusive planning process Delivery of “Vision Report” Organization of agency implementation
workshop and delivery of workshop report Continued activities to engage people and
ensure that IPY is a success
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Vision Report Available
Free PDF copies of the Vision report and Workshop report are available at:
www.us-ipy.org or
http://www.nap.edu
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US Goals During IPYFrom
“A Vision for the IPY 2007-2008”
Assess large-scale environmental change
Explore scientific frontiers in the polar regions
Develop observing networks
Understand human-environment dynamics
Create new connections between science and the public
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Provide a comprehensive assessment of polar environmental changes
Encourage interdisciplinary studies and the development of models
NRC report recommendation 1:
Initiate a sustained effort to assess large-scale environmental change and variability in
the polar regions
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NRC report recommendation 2:
Include studies of coupled human-natural systems critical to societal, economic, and
strategic interests
Examine role of the polar regions in globally linked systems
Investigate physical-chemical-biological interactions
Examine the effects of polar environmental change on the human-built environment
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NRC report recommendation 3:
Explore new scientific frontiers from the molecular to the planetary scale
Involve multidisciplinary studies of biological communities; oceanographic processes; the Earth’s deep interior; and sun-earth connections
Apply new knowledge gained from exploration to questions of societal importance
Invest in new capabilities essential to support interdisciplinary exploration at the poles
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NRC report recommendation 4:
Design multidisciplinary polar observing networks that provide a long-term perspective
Establish integrated multidisciplinary observing networks that employ new sensing technologies and data assimilation
Conduct an internationally coordinated “snapshot” of the polar regions using all available satellite sensors
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NRC report recommendation 5:
Invest in critical infrastructure and technology to guarantee enduring benefits
Ensure the long-term availability of assets necessary to support science in the polar regions
Encourage development of innovative technologies (UAVs, AUVs, etc.)
Develop advanced communications systems Establish international data standards,
policies, and procedures Train the next generation of scientists,
engineers, and leaders
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Develop programs in education and outreach that build on the inherent public interest
Create opportunities for education, training, and outreach for all age groups and build on successful existing models
NRC report recommendation 6:
Create new connections between science and the public
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NRC report recommendation 7:
Participate as leaders in International Polar Year 2007-2008
Use the IPY to build long-lasting partnerships across national borders
Capitalize on existing agency missions and create new opportunities
Provide mechanisms for individuals, early-career researchers, and small teams to contribute to IPY
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The Avalanche Model:Success Requires Broad Participation
Scientists and Engineers Universities Agencies US National Committee ICSU-WMO Joint Planning
Committee
Foundations Educators Media Private sector Scouting groups Communities
Early recognition – there is no one “lead” on IPY, but many equally important parts
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NAS Hosts Federal AgencyWorkshop & Info Sessions
NSF (designated by the White House as the lead federal agency)
NOAA NASA USGS NIH EPA
DoDDoIDoEState DeptOSTPSmithsonianDHS-USCG
…to inform and engage agencies so they find ways for IPY to serve their needs while meeting IPY goals. Participants so far have included:
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What Can You Do?
Find ways to get all the necessary “avalanche” participants engaged asap
Work with colleagues in science and agencies to plan activities, increase awareness and move toward implementation
Form international partnerships and help nurture national and international funding sources and logistics coordination
Follow guidance from ICSU-WMO Joint Committee (preliminary Expression of Interest) at www.ipy.org
Check www.us-ipy.org for US IPY information
Commit to making something happen!
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For More Information
www.us-ipy.org
www.ipy.org
www.national-academies.org/prb
Chris Elfring c/o [email protected]
Chris Elfring, Polar Research Board
The National Academies
500 Fifth Street NW
Washington DC 20001
202 334 3479