POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and...
-
Upload
lillian-mccormick -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
1
Transcript of POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and...
![Page 1: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
POL 4410Health and Scarcity
![Page 2: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Structure
1.Global Health Overview
2.Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg)
3.Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)
4.NeoMalthusians vs. NeoClassicals (Kahl)
![Page 3: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Global Health Measures
•Life Expectancy
•Infant Mortality
•Spread of Disease
•Public Health Spending
•Private Health Spending
![Page 4: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some Health Jargon
•Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy
•Disability Adjusted Life Years
•Communicable vs. non-communicable diseases
![Page 5: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Economics of Health
•Direct costs (lost hours of work)
•Indirect: fertility, coping strategies, higher discounting of the future, higher dependency ratio
![Page 6: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Politics of Health
•Who receives public health care? Political decision.
•Likely to be limited in poor countries, dictatorships, countries with high GINI coefficients, and in war-torn states.
![Page 7: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Map of Risks
![Page 8: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Life Expectancy
![Page 9: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Life Expectancy and GDP
![Page 10: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Infant Mortality
![Page 11: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spending on Health
![Page 12: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Spending on Health
![Page 13: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Effects of Globalization
• Improved access to foregin drugs and technology.
• Shift of production into manufacturing leads to urbanization and possibly disease
• Substitute foreign investment for local investment
• Impact of migration
• Spillover resource wars
![Page 14: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Specific Issues
•Malaria
•AIDS
•Public Health Spending
![Page 15: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Malaria•Carried by Anopheles
mosquito.
•Stable malaria vs. severe malaria
•Severe: respiratory and cerebral
•Other effects on anemia and pregnancy
![Page 16: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Malaria Map
![Page 17: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Treatments
•Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) especially to protect under 5s. BCR 10.4
•Intermittent Presumptive Treatment of Pregnant Women (IPTp). BCR 13.7
•Artemisinin-based Combiantion Therapies (ACT). BCR 38.6
![Page 18: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
HIV/AIDS•HIV is transmitted through intravenous drug
use (IDU), sexual intercourse, and medical procedures.
•HIV is the virus. AIDS is the condition that develops, which undermines immune system.
• 2.5-3.5m people died from AIDS in 2003: over five percent of ALL DEATHS.
• Between 35 and 45 million people have HIV/AIDS
![Page 19: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
HIV in under 25s
![Page 20: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Treating HIV/AIDS
•CONDOMS: Thailand 100% condom campaign helped avert 200,000 infections. BCR of up to 466!
•Blood safety. BCR 11-466.
•Prevent mother-child transmission
•TB care 29-233.
•Antiretroviral (ARV): BCR 0.3-0.4
![Page 21: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Public Health Development
•Strengthening Basic Health Services: BCR 2.1-2.6
•Public Health programs (tobacco, alcohol, STDs, education, immunization)
•Clinical programs (chemo for TB, pre-natal care, treatment of STDs, sick child management)
![Page 22: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Impact of Globalization
•Malaria
•AIDS
•Public Health Spending
![Page 23: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ghobarah et al
•Effect of civil wars on health outcomes using WHO dataset.
•Refugees, brain drain, homicide, orphans, deindustrialization
•WHO estimate that 269,000 deaths and 8.44m DALYS from civil wars.
![Page 24: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Political Impact on Health
1.Extent to which populations are exposed to conditions increasing the risk of death, disease, and disability.
2.Financial and human resources available for addressing the public health needs of pop.
3.Level of resources actually allocated to public health needs by private and public sectors.
4.The degree to which resources are actually allocated efficiently.
![Page 25: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Effects of Civil Wars
![Page 26: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Impact of Globalization
•On civil wars
•On Ghobarah et al’s four conditions
![Page 27: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Grades
.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Density
.2 .4 .6 .8 1Score
![Page 28: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Kahl
•How does demographic and environmental stress (DES) affect violence and war?
•DES means population growth, depletion of renewable resources (timber, soil, water) and of non-renewable resources (oil, minerals)
![Page 29: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Malthus
•Population increases at a geometric rate but resources increase only linearly
![Page 30: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Neo-Malthusians•Pressure of DES on society: renewable
resource scarcity; economic marginalization; demographic shifts
•Pressure of DES on state: new demands (dams), lower productivity (capital shallowing and low savings), undermine coercive power
•Deprivation: absolute and relative
•State weakness vs. state exploitation
![Page 31: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Neo-Classicals
•Adaptation prevents collapse: through market (prices) and institutions
•Not scarcity but abundance that causes problems
•Honey pots: greed not grievance
•Resource curses
![Page 32: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dutch Disease• Imagine three sectors: traded minerals,
traded manufactures, non-traded services
•Resource boom in minerals means massive international demand for minerals
•Money from minerals forces up prices in non-traded sector - currency appreciation
•Currency appreciation plus shift out of manufactures causes collapse in that sector
![Page 33: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Kahl’s Criticism
•Neoclassical hypothesis better applies to non-renewables
•NeoMalthusian over-predicts crises
•Think of them as applying to different time frames.
![Page 34: POL 4410 Health and Scarcity. Structure 1. Global Health Overview 2. Specific Diseases and Treatments (Lomborg) 3. Civil Wars, Violence, and Disease (Ghobarah)](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e155503460f94aff9eb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Impact of Globalization
•Does globalization make population growth more or less likely
•Does globalization make resource curse stronger or weaker?
•How about ability of state and market to adapt?