Poetry usually . . . • is arranged in lines.• uses compressed (shrunken) language to make a point.• has a regular pattern of rhythm.• uses literary devices to appeal to our emotions and imagination.

Poetry sometimes . . . has a regular rhyme scheme

1. Stanza – the division of lines in a poem; a poem “paragraph.”

Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Though wise men at their end know dark is right, Because their words had forked no lightning they Do not go gentle into that good night.

Stanza one

Stanza two

2. Meter – the pattern and number of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. That time of year thou mayst in me behold

Tell me not in mournful numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=dxSU3HYhBSs

Across the years he could recallHis father one way best of all.

In the stillest hour nightThe boy awakened to a light.

Half in dreams, he saw his sireWith his great hands full of fire.

A woman who once heard a mouse

ran screaming all throughout her house.

She sent in the catto dispose of the ratto find it was only her spouse.

3. Refrain – the repeating of words and/or phrases throughout a poem.

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling, my darling, my life and my bride,In the sepulcher there by the sea,In her tomb by the sounding sea.

4. End Rhyme: words at end of lines rhyme

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,

And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could

To where it bent in the undergrowth;

5. Rhyme Scheme: the pattern of rhyme (ex: aabb)

Life is but life, and death but death!Bliss is but bliss, and breath but breath!And if, indeed, I fail,At least to know the worst is sweet.Defeat means nothing but defeat,No drearier can prevail!

6. Internal Rhyme: rhyme within lines

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling, my darling, my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea,In her tomb by the sounding sea.

7. enjambment-

NOT an enjambment:

A glooming peace this morning with it brings. The sun for sorrow will not show his head. Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things. Some shall be pardon’d, and some punished.

Enjambment:

I think that I shall never see A poem lovely as a tree.

A tree that looks at God all day, And lifts her leafy arms to pray;

A tree that may in summer wear A nest of robins in her hair;

the running on of the thought from one line, couplet, or stanza to the next without a break in thought.

8. Tone - is what the author projects or the author’s attitude.

There's a patch of old snow in a corner,

That I should have guessed Was a blow-away paper the rainHad brought to rest.  

It is specked with grime as if Small print overspread it. The news of a day I've forgotten – If I ever read it.

9. Mood-how you feel after reading the poem. (excited, joyous, somber, sad, etc..)

For the moon never beams without bringing me dreamsOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyesOf the beautiful Annabel Lee;And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the sideOf my darling, my darling, my life and my bride,In the sepulchre there by the sea,In her tomb by the sounding sea.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=1tkzL8_BxOU

1. A “figure of speech” is a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be understood as literally true.

He gives his harneSS bellS a Shake To aSk if there i Some miStake.The only other Sound’S the SweepOf easy Wind and doWny flake.

DO nOt gO gentle intO that gOOd night,

Old Age should burn And rAve At close of dAy;

RAge, rAge AgAinst the dYIng of the lIght.

Alliteration- repetition of beginning

consonant sounds in words close together

RainRain races,Ripping like wind.Its restless rageRattles likeRocks ripping throughThe air.

Three grey geese in a green field grazing,Grey were the geese and green was the grazing.

Onomatopoeia-the use of

a word whose sound imitates its meaning.

roar

buzzhisssplash

Other Figurative Language

Allusion IdiomSimile HyperboleMetaphor SymbolPersonificationImagery

Oxymoron Irony

3. Allusion – a reference to a well-known person, place, thing or event

with which the writer assumes the reader will be familiar

1. George rushed in like Superman to save the man from the burning building.2. We’re not in Kansas anymore.3. She pulled a ‘Miley.’

"As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a wall of rock indicated that there was anyone still alive".

"Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

4. Simile – a comparison between two things using “like” or “as.”

She swims like a fish. He's as hairy as a gorilla. Peter laughs like a hyena. Mr. John is as wise as an owl. Allow me, it's as easy as ABC. Because I was embarrassed my face was as red as a

ripe tomato. My love is like a red, red rose. The world is like a stage. “As dry as a bone” “As easy as shooting fish in a barrel” “They fought like cats and dogs” “Stand out like a sore thumb”

5. Metaphor – a comparison between 2

things without using “like” or “as.” These can be implicit or explicit!

He was a tornado, blasting his way through the opposing team.

He was a lion in the fight. The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon

cloudy seas. Education is your passport to satisfying

employment. My love is a red, red rose.

6. Personification – a figure of speech in which a

non-human thing (an idea, object, or animal) is given human characteristics.

The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky. The run down house appeared depressed. The first rays of morning tiptoed through the

meadow. She did not realize that opportunity was

knocking at her door. He did not realize that his last chance was

walking out the door.

Oxymoron – a technique putting two

words with opposite meanings together for a

special effect.jumbo shrimp old news

bittersweet small fortune

http://www.oxymoronlist.com/#b

A blind man looks back Into the future with

the Ear-splitting whispers

of Unconcealed ghosts Thundering silently.

A wealthy peasant marches Weakly across a blazing glacier As the stars in the cloudy sky Glisten grimly.

Imagery – vivid description that

appeals to the senses.

They were flat round wafers, slightly browned on the edges and butter-yellow in the center. With cold lemonade they were sufficient for childhood’s lifelong diet.

Symbol – a concrete or real object

used to represent an idea

A bird, because it can fly, has often been used as a symbol of freedom.

a dove for peace the rose for purity the stars and stripes for America the lion for strength and courage Red rose or red color stands for love

or romance. Black is a symbol that represents evil

or death. A ladder may stand as a symbol for a

connection between the heaven and the earth.

A broken mirror may symbolize separation

“In the spring, I asked the daisiesIf his words were true,And the clever, clear-eyed daisiesAlways knew.

Now the fields are brown and barren,Bitter autumn blows,And of all the stupid astersNot one knows.”

Hyperbole –an extreme exaggeration or overstatement that a writer

uses for emphasis. He's got tons of money.

Her brain is the size of a pea.

I will die if he asks me to dance.

I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.

He is older than the hills.

I told you a million times not to lie!

Irony – a technique that uses a word or

phrase to mean the exact opposite of its normal meaning. (verbal, dramatic, situational)

Verbal: Danielle laughs all the time, so we call her “Grumpy.”

Dramatic: The audience watching the movie knows that the girl’s boyfriend is going to ask her to marry her, but she doesn’t know.

Situational: A fire station is on fire.

A traditional way of saying something that does not seem to make sense if taken literally

He’s ready to kick the bucket. She’s under the weather.

A chip on your shoulder - means you think you know a lot

High as a kite - means you are drunk or on drugs

Sick as a dog - means you are very ill Rub someone the wrong way -

meaning to annoy or bother Jump the gun - would mean to be

doing something early Pay the piper - means you need to

face the consequences of your actions