Podcasting in 2007
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Transcript of Podcasting in 2007
Podcasting for Teaching
and Learning
NITLE workshop
2007
Plan for the session
1. Background
2. Podcasting from start to finish
3. Pedagogical issues and cases
Podcasting background
How old is the term? February 12, 2004:
“With the benefit of hindsight, it all seems quite obvious. MP3 players, like Apple's iPod, in many pockets, audio production software cheap or free, and weblogging an established part of the internet…”
Podcasting background
How old is the term? February 12, 2004:
“… all the ingredients are there for a new boom in amateur radio.
But what to call it? Audioblogging? Podcasting? GuerillaMedia?”
(Ben Hammersley, The Guardian)
Podcasting background
Podcasting background
Podcasting background
Podcasting background
Context: the player• iPods and others• Ease of use• “net.gen”• Fetish• History: Walkman
and convergence
Podcasting background
Pew Internet and American Life project:
“More than 22 million American adults own iPods or MP3 players and 29% of them have downloaded podcasts from the Web so that they could listen to audio files at a time of their choosing….”
Podcasting background
Pew Internet and American Life project:
“… That amounts to more than 6 million adults who have tried this new feature that allows internet “broadcasts” to be downloaded onto their portable listening device.”
(April 2005)
Podcasting background
Context: social demand for audio
• File-sharing persists
• Web audio grows• Net.gen again
Podcasting background
Context: did copyright policy spur podcasting?
Doc Searls on CARP:
“As it developed, Internet radio didn't die [in the early 2000s]. Instead, what happened was the growth of talk radio on the Net, mostly in the form of podcasting...”
Podcasting background
“… No doubt an unintended consequence of the CARP ruling (creating high bureaucratic and financial costs for broadcasting RIAA-sanctioned music on the Net) was the growth of podcasting.”
-Doc Searls, March 2007
(http://doc.weblogs.com/2007/03/04#riaaMovesToKillInternetRadio)
Podcasting background
Context: the file format, or “I want my MP3”
• Decent quality
• Workable size
• Portable
• Net.gen yet again
Podcasting background
Context: easier, popular tools for playing sound: hardware
• iPods• Laptops• Desktops
Podcasting background
Context: easier tools for recording sound: hardware
• Mikes• Phones• MP3 player
plugins
Podcasting background
• Increasing number of applications– Garageband, iMovie– Moviemaker– Audacity
Context: easier tools for recording and editing sound
Podcasting background
Context: the Apple effect– 2001 January: Apple unleashes iTunes– 2001 October: “ “ iPod– 2002 Windows compatible iTunes
launched
Podcasting background
Context: easier tools for distribution: syndication
• Really Simple Syndication, RSS
• Free, open standards (XML)
• Attached to blogs• Added to news media
Podcasting background
Protopodcasting
• Web audio
• Audioblogging• phoneblogging
Podcasting background
Protopodcasting
• Web audio
• Audioblogging• phoneblogging
(Orson Welles)
Podcasting background
Mainstream media leaps in• BBC• NPR
(http://www.npr.org/rss/podcast/podcast_directory.php)
• Public radio in general (http://www.publicradiofan.com/podcasts.html)
Podcasting 101
Neologism tracking• godcasting• nanocasting• podfading
• vlogging • podsafe• podspamming• podvertising• porncasting
Podcasting 101
Structure of podcasting:
• Composition process
Podcasting 101
Structure of podcasting:
•Finding and downloading the stuff
Podcasting 101
Structure of podcasting:
•Hosting and maintaining the goods
Structure of podcasting:
• Altogether now
Podcasting 101
Structure of podcasting, in other words
• The sound file
• Laptop, desktop, mobile device, phone
• Editor
• Compressor
• Host
Podcasting 101
What is this Syndication?
Podcasting 101
Syndication example: Berkeley Science Groks
http://www.groks.net/
Podcasting 101
…where you find:
http://www.groks.net/groks.rss
Podcasting 101
…which, in your aggregator, automagically yields:
http://www.archive.org/download/groks190/groks101905_64kb.mp3
Podcasting 101
Syndication, therefore aggregation
Readers for a variety of platforms:
• Bloglines• NetNewsWire• Newsgator
Podcasting 101
Syndication, therefore podcatchers
• Juice• Songbird• Odeo
• iTunes
Podcasting 101
iPod meets iTunes for podcasts
Podcasting 101
• Syndication is optional for playing
(a mere file folder)
Pedagogy of podcasting
How does this connect with teaching and learning?
• Liberal arts pedagogies
• Affordances
• Cases + exploration
Pedagogy of podcasting
Classic digital pedagogy: timeshifting
• In- and out of class content
• Attendance issue
• Student-driven
• PS: the Betamax case (1984)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Classic digital pedagogy: repeatability
• Scrubbing
• Focus
• Student-driven
Pedagogy of podcasting
New forms: profcasting
• Bryn Mawr College: Michelle Francl, chemistry
• Duke: Classroom recording
Pedagogy of podcasting
Profcasting• Mary Washington
University: Gardner Campbell, English
• Duke: Course content dissemination
Pedagogy of podcasting
“Busy old fool, unruly Sun, Why dost thou thus,Through windows, and through curtains, call on us ?Must to thy motions lovers' seasons run ? Saucy pedantic wretch, go chide Late school-boys and sour prentices, Go tell court-huntsmen that the king will ride, Call country ants to harvest offices ;Love, all alike, no season knows nor clime,Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time.”
Pedagogy of podcasting
Studentcasting• Voice• Individual or team-
based• Constructivism
Response composition“As part of the culmination of the seminar, I recorded student readings of Donne’s work for later distribution as podcasts.”
Pedagogy of podcasting
Content podcasting on campus• Language lessons by iPod
(Middlebury College)• IT updates (Lafayette College ITS
Coffee Break)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Student program podcasting on campus
• War News Radio
(Swarthmore College)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Campus program podcasting
• Language Lab Unleashed (Oberlin College)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Campus podcasting• Allegheny College
http://webtools.allegheny.edu/podcast/ • Bowdoin College
http://www.bowdoin.edu/podcasts/ • Colgate University • Layafette College
https://ww2.lafayette.edu/~soapbox/podcast • Swarthmore College
http://acad.swarthmore.edu/podcast/
Pedagogy of podcasting
Focus on content
• Literary texts
• Oral history
• Critical phrasing
• Foreign language
• Music
• History
• Literature
• Lab sciences
Pedagogy of podcasting
Podcasts and research
• Duke: Field recording
Trudi Abel, “Digital Durham and the New South” (Duke University, 2006)
• New area for podcasting: information literacy
Pedagogy of podcasting
Podcasts and research• Public intellectual
– Out of the Past– Engines of Our
Ingenuity – In Our Time– University Channel
(Napoleon 101)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Instrumental to pedagogy: enhance other media• Handouts: Allegheny College, Gothcast
Pedagogy of podcasting
Enhance other media
Middlebury College, Barbara Ganley
Podcasting with…• Blogging• Digital storytelling• Photography• Study abroad
Pedagogy of podcasting
Enhance other mediaBeth Harris, Art History, Fashion Institute of Technology, SUNYPodcasting with…• Blogging• Flickr• Conversations
Pedagogy of podcasting
Enhance other media• Commentary on digital video
– Example: Battlestar Galactica DVD to Web
Pedagogy of podcasting
Instrumental: enhance other media
• Apple: “enhanced podcasting”
Pedagogy of podcasting
Influences on other social media
• Podcasting and videoblogging
Pedagogy of podcasting
Mixing and mashups
Pedagogy of podcasting
Mixing and mashups
• Long historical antecedents
• Constructivism
• Copyright
• Jenkins, Convergence Culture (2006)
Pedagogy of podcasting
Commentary on primary and secondary sources• Merrymount College, Artmobs
Pedagogy of podcasting
Podcasts and questions for research
• Information literacy
• Questions of access
• Archival problem
• Editing and sampling challenges
• Search
Podcasting: other issues
Copyright issues
• “podsafe”
• Public domain
• DiY (Garageband)
Podcasting: other issues
Copyright issues : content sources
• Freesound - short sound clips
Podcasting: other issues
Copyright issues: content sources
• Transom - downloadable shows and resources
• Disquiet - archive of links to ambient and electronic mp3s
• Amazon's free downloads
Podcasting: other issues
Copyright issues: content sources
• Garageband.com - indie music hosting
• iCompositions - free downloads, discussion for Garageband
• Magnatune - not free, but inexpensive, and pays artists
Podcasting: other issues
Copyright issues: mashups• Negativland• Some Assembly Required
Podcasting: other issues
Finding podcasts
• http://audio.weblogs.com/
• iPodder
• Odeo
Podcasting: other issues
Finding podcasts
• Podcast Alley
• Podcast Network
• Podcast News
Podcasting: other issues
Searching podcasts
• Podscope
• Podzinger
Podcasting: other issues
More emergent issues
• Collaborative composition
• Social software
• Editing from the Web?
Podcasting: other issues
• Audio comments
•(http://napoleon.thepodcastnetwork.com/)
Podcasting: other issues
Social podcasts• http://waxxi.us/
interactive.html • Podserve http://www.pod-
serve.com
Resources
Readings
• Bryan Alexander, “Podcasting and the Liberal Arts.” NITLE News, summer 2005.
• Gardner Campbell, “There’s Something in the Air: Podcasting in Education.” ER Nov-Dec 2005.
Resources
Readings• Karine Joly, “The Power of Podcasts:
Universities explore mp3 technology as a new marketing tool.” University Business (July 2006), http://www.universitybusiness.com/page.cfm?p=1213
• Alan Levine, “Podcasting on the cheap.” CogDogBlog post/wiki, Spring 2006. http://cogdoghouse.wikispaces.com/PodcastOnTheCheap
Resources
Podcasts• Educause Learning Initiative, “It’s Pod
Mania!” Educause Pocket Edition (November 2005). http://connect.educause.edu/blog/dianao/it_s_pod_mania_educause_pocket_edition_2/1654 .
• Wired Webmonkey tutorial
Resources
NITLE
• Website, workshops, research
• http://nitle.org/index.php/nitle/laboratory/podcasting
• http://apps.nitle.org/blog/index.php?cat=41