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Admin Commands

This document will cover the Unix Admin commands that are largely the same on all flavors of Unix.

NIS

ypcat (group, passwd)

ypstart # linux

ypbind

ypinit # client, specify machines to bind to

# server, specify whether master or slave

ypwhich # tell what NIS server machine is bound to.

passwd

yppasswd (obsolete, for combatibility only)

ypcat -k auto.master (-k to display the key name too!)

ypcat -k auto.direct (the direct map, use /-)

/var/yp/binding/DOMAIN/ypservers # list of ypservers that can be used (non

broadcast mode)

passwd

pwconv update shadow file based on new user additon to passwd (does not set password)

passwd [uid] change password for user

chown [uid]:[gid] /home/[user] change user home dir ownership

Config Files

/etc/passwd

/etc/groups

/etc/shadow

/etc/group

/etc/init.d/ (linux: /etc/rc.d/init.d/)

/etc/inet/inetd.conf

/etc/printcap or /etc/printer.conf

/etc/motd

/etc/release # see which os cd was used eg sol 8 01/00 for Jan 2000 build.

/etc/resolv.conf # dns setup

/etc/nsswitch.conf # order of search for files/dns/nis

/etc/init.d/ # list of programs that are configured for possible start

up/shutdown automatically.

# actual start in /etc/rc2.d and rc3.d

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CMD

dmesg : display error log messages, like /var/adm/message, etc

obsolete by syslogd

du -kxS * = display space usage Summary for only (x) one file sys (ie local)

-d = solaris native du, do not cross fs boundary, good for du -dsk / and

only report ufs, sans nfs.

BUT du -dsk * will cross ufs and nfs that are mounted at the root

level, such as /nfshome :(

-x = gnu du, "only 1 fs", but only Linux has desired behaviour like solaris

-d

du -dk / | sort -n | less # use in solaris

du -skx * | sort -n | less # use in linux ??

df -kl = report fs space usage of local fs, solaris and linux

rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 (and 2) find out all nis server on the subnet

rpcinfo -p tin-linux : show all rpc progs on machine tin-linux

rpcinfo -n 2049 -u tin-linux 100003 : see if nfs server is running

rpcinfo -n 802 -u tin-linux 100005 : see mountd info

rpcinfo -n 1048 -u tin-linux 100005 : see mountd info

# note that mountd port may differ, see output of rpcinfo -p

nice, renice, priocntl: change scheduling priority of process

(ps/top, higher priority has higher numberic value 0=lowest, 100?=highestnice, higher number = nicer = lower priority

-ve value of nice means not-nice, ie get more sys res, settable by root)

eg renice 10 -p [pid] : renice the process to 10 (from usual 0), thus making it

to have less priority and demand less sys resource

priocntl -s -p -5 -i pid 8200 :

set the priority of process #8200 to -5.

-s = set

-p = priority

-i pid = specify class of process, can group by parent pid, etc.

date --set [datestring] : linux, set date/time of machine, the string can almost be

anything.

catman -w -M /usr/local/man : rebuild the man page index for the dir /usr/local/man

catman -w : probably rebuild based on $MANPATH

dhclient = get dhcp address from server for current client.

(linux only? move...)

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---

99.999% uptime allow for 5.26 min of downtime in 1 year.

99.99% allow for 52 min of downtime.

99.95% allow for 263 min of downtime, a bit less than 4.5 hours.

99.9% allow for 526 min of downtime, a bit less than 10 hours.

TBD

old *.ref file content in here.