PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Update.pdf · 1 Sep 2015 PMAR-MASE Seychelles Kenya Madagascar...
Transcript of PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Update.pdf · 1 Sep 2015 PMAR-MASE Seychelles Kenya Madagascar...
Jan 2015 JRC 1
PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Status September 2015
Harm Greidanus
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Maritime awareness What is happening at sea?
SHIP NAME Flag MMSI number IMO number Call sign
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Contents
1. PMAR-MASE: what and why?
2. Monitoring the ship traffic
3. Examples of what can be seen
4. Ship statistics and density maps
5. Data sources and their contributions
6. Satellite images
7. Conclusions
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PMAR Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks
• EU initiative, as reaction on piracy
• Initiated by a request of European Parliament
• Maritime awareness for Authorities in the region
• Africa; Western Indian Ocean
• Parallel / alternative to deployment of out-of-region forces (EUNAVFOR, …)
• Toward a regionally owned Maritime Situational Awareness
• Capacity building
• Based on the region’s needs
• Understanding technical possibilities
1. PMAR: what and why?
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Maritime Awareness for Africa
PMAR projects Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks
PMAR-2 Gulf of Guinea 2012-2013
PMAR-1 Horn of Africa 2010-2012
PMAR-MASE East Africa 2014-2015
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Currently: PMAR-MASE (1/2)
• Under the MASE program
• Funded by 10th EDF
• Implemented by RECs (IGAD, COMESA, …)
• PMAR-MASE under ‘Result 5’, managed by Indian Ocean Commission (IOC)
• One-year trial for Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA)
• The real-time maritime situation in the entire Western Indian Ocean basin
• Sept 2014 – Sept 2015
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PMAR-MASE (2/2)
• Trial users:
• Kenya Maritime Authority’s Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (RMRCC) in Mombasa (Djibouti Code of Conduct Information Sharing Centre)
• IOC’s Anti-Piracy Unit (APU) in Seychelles
• Familiarise operators and decision makers with region-wide maritime surveillance capabilities
• Build capacities and culture with operators, analysts and IT staff
• Enable to formulate requirements
• Get user feedback - what is useful, what is missing
• Enable scoping of future operational systems
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Part of set of international activities
• CGPCS
• Sub-group on MSA
• UN
• IMO, UNODC
• Regional (DCoC, …)
• EU
• Projects funded
• Missions/Operations (Atalanta, Nestor, …)
• NATO (Ocean Shield)
• Int’l collaborations (CTF151, …)
• Indiv. Countries (U.S., UKMTO, …)
• Industry (BMP; IMB)
Compiled by Oceans Beyond Piracy (OBP)
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• Real-time ship positions
• For two authorities in the region
• Combining - Satellite-AIS - Coastal AIS - LRIT
Region-wide MSA Maritime Situational Awareness
Data sources: Norwegian Coastal Administration / FFI, MSSIS / Volpe Center / US Navy,
Flag States of the EU LRIT DC / EMSA, exactEarth, LuxSpace/Orbcomm, SpaceQuest
2. Monitoring the ship traffic
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• Ships identified (but in this presentation anonymised)
• Ship positions predicted to now, based on their tracks
• Past tracks can be shown
• Updated every 15 min, and all historic pictures are kept
Real-time ship traffic picture
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
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Things to see
Fishing ships on 27 March 2015
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Predicted
wind field (NOAA)
Supporting info layers
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Supporting info layers
Predicted
wave field
(NOAA)
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Supporting info layers
EEZ
boundaries
(EEZ boundaries are from
a publicly available
dataset, for orientation
only and not authoritative)
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Piracy
Incidents
From IMB
Supporting info layers
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Age of last
incoming
data
Supporting info layers
The ships are
plotted at the
position where they
are expected to be
NOW, extrapolated
from their last
reported position
and speed
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Ship density map
(monthly)
Supporting info layers
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There is a user manual
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Surveying (?) off Somalia / Kenya 19 day track
Examples of the ship traffic view
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
3. Examples
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Fishing ship 20 day track
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
SHIP Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Ship in front of port 3 day track
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Fishing ship entering the region 13 day track SHIP NAME
Flag MMSI number IMO number Call sign
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Fishing ship 13 day track
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track
Fishing ship 7 day track
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track
Fishing ship 10 day track
SHIP NAME Flag
MMSI number
IMO number
Call sign
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track
Tug 7 day track
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Examples of the ship traffic view
Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track
Tug 10 day track
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• By compiling all ship positions during a time period, a ship density map can be made
• This figure is for the month of January 2015
• It shows the main traffic patterns
• See also separate presentation
4. Statistics and density maps
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Ship density map, split into larger and smaller ships
Feb 2015 Data sources:
Satellite AIS Coastal AIS LRIT
Class B (Smaller ships, Voluntary AIS)
Class A (Ships > 300 GT, Mandatory AIS)
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Ship distribution per Flag
Flag Taiwan Flag Japan
Feb 2015 Data sources:
Satellite AIS
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Ship statistics per EEZ – Kenya
Number of ships seen inside Kenya
EEZ at any one time (June 2015)
Ship density in and around
Kenya EEZ (June 2015)
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Ship statistics Seychelles EEZ
Number of ships seen inside Seychelles
EEZ at any one time (June 2015)
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Ship statistics Seychelles EEZ
---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-
A B A B A B Country
56 0 182 0 3.3 PA - Panama (Republic
10 4 65 85 6.5 21.3 SC - Seychelles (Repub
50 0 118 0 2.4 MH - Marshall Islands
45 0 100 0 2.2 LR - Liberia (Republic
38 0 79 0 2.1 SG - Singapore (Republi
25 0 72 0 2.9 BS - Bahamas (Commonwea
23 0 67 0 2.9 MT - Malta
23 0 57 0 2.5 HK - Hong Kong (Special
9 0 56 0 6.2 KR - Korea (Republic of
3 8 23 32 7.7 4.0 TW - Taiwan (Province o
2 4 35 12 17.5 3.0 MU - Mauritius (Republi
1 2 1 37 1.0 18.5 TR - Turkey
16 0 37 0 2.3 GR - Greece
8 0 35 0 4.4 IT - Italy
1 1 4 27 4.0 27.0 FR - France
10 0 30 0 3.0 AG - Antigua and Barbuda
3 0 29 0 9.7 RE - Reunion (French Dep
1 1 2 27 2.0 27.0 US - United States of Am
1 0 28 0 28.0 ?? - Invalid MID
1 0 28 0 28.0 QA - Qatar (State of)
. . . . . .
------------+ ------------+ ------------
373 24 1183 268 3.2 11.2 Total
Number of ships seen
inside Seychelles EEZ
per Flag during one
month (Feb 2015)
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Ship statistics per Country EEZ
---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-
A B A B A B Country
12 48 86 777 7.2 16.2 TW - Taiwan (Province of China))
219 0 574 0 2.6 PA - Panama (Republic of)
180 0 505 0 2.8 LR - Liberia (Republic of)
151 0 396 0 2.6 HK - Hong Kong (Special Administrative)
136 0 373 0 2.7 SG - Singapore (Republic of)
146 0 371 0 2.5 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)
69 0 219 0 3.2 MT - Malta
8 15 103 112 12.9 7.5 MU - Mauritius (Republic of)
7 2 178 29 25.4 14.5 ?? - Invalid MID
42 0 114 0 2.7 GR - Greece
45 0 105 0 2.3 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)
30 0 80 0 2.7 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)
18 10 51 24 2.8 2.4 CN - China (People's Republic of)
6 0 64 0 10.7 ES - Spain
23 0 63 0 2.7 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain and
15 0 48 0 3.2 AG - Antigua and Barbuda
12 0 41 0 3.4 KR - Korea (Republic of)
20 0 40 0 2.0 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great
11 0 37 0 3.4 IT - Italy
3 0 35 0 11.7 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
. . . . . .
------------+ ------------+ ------------
1272 82 3922 969 3.1 11.8 Total
Mauritius (Feb 2015)
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Ship statistics per Country EEZ
Madagascar (Feb 2015)
---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-
A B A B A B Country
197 0 534 0 2.7 PA - Panama (Republic of)
168 0 476 0 2.8 LR - Liberia (Republic of)
132 0 356 0 2.7 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic
136 0 350 0 2.6 HK - Hong Kong (Special
126 0 324 0 2.6 SG - Singapore (Republic of)
72 0 233 0 3.2 MT - Malta
2 8 5 199 2.5 24.9 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)
42 0 116 0 2.8 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of)
39 0 115 0 2.9 GR - Greece
17 0 90 0 5.3 KR - Korea (Republic of)
4 1 87 2 21.8 2.0 MG - Madagascar (Republic of)
6 0 72 0 12.0 JP - Japan
27 0 65 0 2.4 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)
4 0 58 0 14.5 LU - Luxembourg
16 0 53 0 3.3 AG - Antigua and Barbuda
21 0 52 0 2.5 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain
13 9 30 21 2.3 2.3 CN - China (People's Republic of)
12 0 47 0 3.9 IT - Italy
4 1 33 9 8.3 9.0 RE - Reunion (French Department of)
16 0 40 0 2.5 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great
. . . . . .
------------+ ------------+ ------------
1163 21 3523 250 3.0 11.9 Total
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Ship statistics per Country EEZ
Somalia (Feb 2015)
---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-
A B A B A B Country
35 0 106 0 3.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)
10 0 81 0 8.1 TG - Togolese Republic
20 0 57 0 2.9 LR - Liberia (Republic of)
17 0 54 0 3.2 SG - Singapore (Republic of)
16 12 31 21 1.9 1.8 IN - India (Republic of)
6 0 52 0 8.7 SL - Sierra Leone
4 0 34 0 8.5 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)
2 1 31 2 15.5 2.0 KM - Comoros (Union of the)
2 0 30 0 15.0 KH - Cambodia (Kingdom of)
5 0 25 0 5.0 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth
1 0 24 0 24.0 KR - Korea (Republic of)
13 0 23 0 1.8 GB - United Kingdom of Great
4 0 22 0 5.5 TZ - Tanzania (United
4 0 19 0 4.8 US - United States of America
4 0 15 0 3.8 JP - Japan
13 0 14 0 1.1 MT - Malta
3 0 14 0 4.7 PW - Palau (Republic of)
1 0 11 0 11.0 DJ - Djibouti (Republic of)
1 0 10 0 10.0 CK - Cook Islands - New Zealand
3 0 9 0 3.0 ?? - Invalid MID
------------+ ------------+ ------------
215 13 759 23 3.5 1.8 Total
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Flag presence in the entire region 20 most present Flags:
---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-
A B A B A B Flag
720 1 5558 28 7.7 28.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)
558 0 4304 0 7.7 LR - Liberia (Republic of)
451 1 3598 11 8.0 11.0 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)
392 2 3174 2 8.1 1.0 SG - Singapore (Republic of)
56 110 499 2239 8.9 20.4 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)
366 0 2654 0 7.3 HK - Hong Kong (Special
242 0 2029 0 8.4 MT - Malta
155 0 1135 0 7.3 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)
40 31 525 558 13.1 18.0 ZA - South Africa (Republic of)
131 0 996 0 7.6 GR - Greece
107 5 774 50 7.2 10.0 GB - United Kingdom of Great Bri
72 28 489 273 6.8 9.8 CN - China (People's Republic of)
76 0 725 0 9.5 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)
67 0 715 0 10.7 AG - Antigua and Barbuda
34 5 516 120 15.2 24.0 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
64 2 612 15 9.6 7.5 SA - Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)
51 3 481 72 9.4 24.0 JP - Japan
50 0 528 0 10.6 KR - Korea (Republic of)
27 1 486 28 18.0 28.0 TZ - Tanzania (United Republic of)
29 6 453 53 15.6 8.8 ?? - Invalid MID
. . . . . . … other Flags
------------+ ------------+ ------------
4580 325 38899 4711 8.5 14.5 Total
Total: 111 Flags seen in the whole area in Feb 2015 4905 Ships, staying on average 9 days in the region
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The basic data:
Ship self-reporting systems
Globally mandated by UN-IMO (International Maritime Organisation)
For ships > 300 GT (approx. > 45 m)
1. AIS
• Automatic Information System
• VHF broadcast of position, minutes frequency
• Received by any receiver on coast or in space
2. LRIT
• Long Range Identification and Tracking
• Satcom message, 6 hourly
• Received by Flag State only
5. Data sources and their contributions
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Sources of ship position reports
Satellite AIS
Coastal AIS
LRIT EU Flags
Monthly ship density (Feb 2015)
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• Satellite AIS
• Government: Norway (Norwegian Coastal Administr’n, FFI)
• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace, SpaceQuest
• Total: up to 17 satellites
• Coastal AIS
• Government: MSSIS (U.S. Min. of Transport and U.S. Navy)
• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace
• LRIT
• Government: Flags that use the EU LRIT Data Centre via EMSA
Sources of ship position reports
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Messages in one day (1 Jan 2015)
Sat AIS
Class A
456k
Sat AIS
Class B
7k
LRIT
EU Flag
0.6k
Coast AIS
Class A
75k
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# Ships each day
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Additional # ships each day
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Additional value of AIS satellites
Gulf of Guinea, Jan 2013 - # Ships seen per day
8 Satellites: exactEarth, SpaceQuest,
LuxSpace, Orbcomm, Norway
This analysis, done
for the Gulf of Guinea
in 2013, is now being
done for the PMAR-
MASE area
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# Days seen Sat AIS
Class A
LRIT
EU Flag
Sat AIS
Class B
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# Msg / Day Sat AIS
Class A
LRIT
EU Flag
Sat AIS
Class B
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PMAR positions in SeaVision
SeaVision, Sat-AIS off
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PMAR positions in SeaVision
SeaVision, Sat-AIS off + PMAR positions
Technical trials have been done to test that the data collected and computed by the PMAR system can also be displayed in the U.S. Navy’s SeaVision system.
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Gulf of Guinea 20 Jan 2013
17:45 UTC
Radarsat-2
Wide Fine mode 8 m resolution
150 km swath
Radarsat-2 image
© MDA 2013
This exercise that was
done in the Gulf of
Guinea, is also be done
for PMAR-MASE now
Space-based imaging of the seas: See Ships and Oil pollution
6. Satellite images
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Comparing known ships ( ) with ships detected by satellite ( , )
Satellites used:
Cosmo-Skymed – provided by Italian Space Agency
TerraSAR-X – provided by DLR
Radarsat-2 – commercial from MDA/KSAT
Gulf of Guinea, Jan-Mar 2013
50 % of the ships detected by satellite is not seen on
the reporting systems, i.e. is unknown to the authorities
Cosmo-Skymed Provided by Italian Space Agency
TerraSAR-X Provided by DLR
Radarsat-2 Commercial from MDA/KSAT
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Satellite images for ship detection
Locations of satellite
radar images (blue
squares) that are being
collected during the
period 15 Aug – 9 Sep
2015, to probe for the
presence of non-
reporting ships
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Satellite images for ship detection
Some images of the
EU’s Sentinel-1 satellite
around Madagascar
collected in 2014-2015
The analysis of satellite
images to estimate the
amount of non-
reporting ships is
ongoing at the moment
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MSA enablers – Data sources
Data Area Update Cost/km2
Coastal AIS Territorial Continuous $
Coastal radar Waters Continuous $$$
LRIT Regional <6 hr $
VMS EEZ 2 hr $$
Sat-AIS Global 1-4 hr $$
Sat images 50-400km 1-10 day $...$$$
in real time .. .. $$$
Call-in reports HRA 1 day $$
Patrol boats TTW-EEZ ++ day $$$$
Future systems (Light AIS, …)
7. Conclusions
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• PMAR demonstrates what level of MSA (Maritime Situational Awareness) is achievable at regional scales
• For counter-piracy, bridging the current gap between
MSA maintained by foreign naval forces
• For maritime security, building up a maritime surveillance culture
Regionally owned MSA
Conclusions
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• Shifting interest from counter-piracy to more general maritime security
• Fisheries monitoring, illegal activities, …
• Current PMAR-MASE project ends Oct 2015
• Collect user experiences and feedback
• Specify requirements for MSA systems for the region
• Possible next steps
• Operational use in regional / national centre
• Commercial service ( maritime picture)
• Continued technical support from JRC
Way ahead
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