PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Update.pdf · 1 Sep 2015 PMAR-MASE Seychelles Kenya Madagascar...

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PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Status September 2015 Harm Greidanus

Transcript of PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Update.pdf · 1 Sep 2015 PMAR-MASE Seychelles Kenya Madagascar...

Page 1: PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Update.pdf · 1 Sep 2015 PMAR-MASE Seychelles Kenya Madagascar 9 • Real-time ship positions • For two authorities in the region • Combining

Jan 2015 JRC 1

PMAR-MASE project Maritime Awareness Status September 2015

Harm Greidanus

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Maritime awareness What is happening at sea?

SHIP NAME Flag MMSI number IMO number Call sign

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Contents

1. PMAR-MASE: what and why?

2. Monitoring the ship traffic

3. Examples of what can be seen

4. Ship statistics and density maps

5. Data sources and their contributions

6. Satellite images

7. Conclusions

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PMAR Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks

• EU initiative, as reaction on piracy

• Initiated by a request of European Parliament

• Maritime awareness for Authorities in the region

• Africa; Western Indian Ocean

• Parallel / alternative to deployment of out-of-region forces (EUNAVFOR, …)

• Toward a regionally owned Maritime Situational Awareness

• Capacity building

• Based on the region’s needs

• Understanding technical possibilities

1. PMAR: what and why?

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Maritime Awareness for Africa

PMAR projects Piracy, Maritime Awareness & Risks

PMAR-2 Gulf of Guinea 2012-2013

PMAR-1 Horn of Africa 2010-2012

PMAR-MASE East Africa 2014-2015

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Currently: PMAR-MASE (1/2)

• Under the MASE program

• Funded by 10th EDF

• Implemented by RECs (IGAD, COMESA, …)

• PMAR-MASE under ‘Result 5’, managed by Indian Ocean Commission (IOC)

• One-year trial for Maritime Situational Awareness (MSA)

• The real-time maritime situation in the entire Western Indian Ocean basin

• Sept 2014 – Sept 2015

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PMAR-MASE (2/2)

• Trial users:

• Kenya Maritime Authority’s Regional Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (RMRCC) in Mombasa (Djibouti Code of Conduct Information Sharing Centre)

• IOC’s Anti-Piracy Unit (APU) in Seychelles

• Familiarise operators and decision makers with region-wide maritime surveillance capabilities

• Build capacities and culture with operators, analysts and IT staff

• Enable to formulate requirements

• Get user feedback - what is useful, what is missing

• Enable scoping of future operational systems

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Part of set of international activities

• CGPCS

• Sub-group on MSA

• UN

• IMO, UNODC

• Regional (DCoC, …)

• EU

• Projects funded

• Missions/Operations (Atalanta, Nestor, …)

• NATO (Ocean Shield)

• Int’l collaborations (CTF151, …)

• Indiv. Countries (U.S., UKMTO, …)

• Industry (BMP; IMB)

Compiled by Oceans Beyond Piracy (OBP)

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• Real-time ship positions

• For two authorities in the region

• Combining - Satellite-AIS - Coastal AIS - LRIT

Region-wide MSA Maritime Situational Awareness

Data sources: Norwegian Coastal Administration / FFI, MSSIS / Volpe Center / US Navy,

Flag States of the EU LRIT DC / EMSA, exactEarth, LuxSpace/Orbcomm, SpaceQuest

2. Monitoring the ship traffic

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• Ships identified (but in this presentation anonymised)

• Ship positions predicted to now, based on their tracks

• Past tracks can be shown

• Updated every 15 min, and all historic pictures are kept

Real-time ship traffic picture

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

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Things to see

Fishing ships on 27 March 2015

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Predicted

wind field (NOAA)

Supporting info layers

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Supporting info layers

Predicted

wave field

(NOAA)

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Supporting info layers

EEZ

boundaries

(EEZ boundaries are from

a publicly available

dataset, for orientation

only and not authoritative)

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Piracy

Incidents

From IMB

Supporting info layers

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Age of last

incoming

data

Supporting info layers

The ships are

plotted at the

position where they

are expected to be

NOW, extrapolated

from their last

reported position

and speed

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Ship density map

(monthly)

Supporting info layers

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There is a user manual

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Surveying (?) off Somalia / Kenya 19 day track

Examples of the ship traffic view

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

3. Examples

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Fishing ship 20 day track

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

SHIP Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Ship in front of port 3 day track

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Fishing ship entering the region 13 day track SHIP NAME

Flag MMSI number IMO number Call sign

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Fishing ship 13 day track

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track

Fishing ship 7 day track

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track

Fishing ship 10 day track

SHIP NAME Flag

MMSI number

IMO number

Call sign

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track

Tug 7 day track

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Examples of the ship traffic view

Taiwanese fishing ship 20 day track

Tug 10 day track

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• By compiling all ship positions during a time period, a ship density map can be made

• This figure is for the month of January 2015

• It shows the main traffic patterns

• See also separate presentation

4. Statistics and density maps

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Ship density map, split into larger and smaller ships

Feb 2015 Data sources:

Satellite AIS Coastal AIS LRIT

Class B (Smaller ships, Voluntary AIS)

Class A (Ships > 300 GT, Mandatory AIS)

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Ship distribution per Flag

Flag Taiwan Flag Japan

Feb 2015 Data sources:

Satellite AIS

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Ship statistics per EEZ – Kenya

Number of ships seen inside Kenya

EEZ at any one time (June 2015)

Ship density in and around

Kenya EEZ (June 2015)

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Ship statistics Seychelles EEZ

Number of ships seen inside Seychelles

EEZ at any one time (June 2015)

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Ship statistics Seychelles EEZ

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Country

56 0 182 0 3.3 PA - Panama (Republic

10 4 65 85 6.5 21.3 SC - Seychelles (Repub

50 0 118 0 2.4 MH - Marshall Islands

45 0 100 0 2.2 LR - Liberia (Republic

38 0 79 0 2.1 SG - Singapore (Republi

25 0 72 0 2.9 BS - Bahamas (Commonwea

23 0 67 0 2.9 MT - Malta

23 0 57 0 2.5 HK - Hong Kong (Special

9 0 56 0 6.2 KR - Korea (Republic of

3 8 23 32 7.7 4.0 TW - Taiwan (Province o

2 4 35 12 17.5 3.0 MU - Mauritius (Republi

1 2 1 37 1.0 18.5 TR - Turkey

16 0 37 0 2.3 GR - Greece

8 0 35 0 4.4 IT - Italy

1 1 4 27 4.0 27.0 FR - France

10 0 30 0 3.0 AG - Antigua and Barbuda

3 0 29 0 9.7 RE - Reunion (French Dep

1 1 2 27 2.0 27.0 US - United States of Am

1 0 28 0 28.0 ?? - Invalid MID

1 0 28 0 28.0 QA - Qatar (State of)

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

373 24 1183 268 3.2 11.2 Total

Number of ships seen

inside Seychelles EEZ

per Flag during one

month (Feb 2015)

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Ship statistics per Country EEZ

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Country

12 48 86 777 7.2 16.2 TW - Taiwan (Province of China))

219 0 574 0 2.6 PA - Panama (Republic of)

180 0 505 0 2.8 LR - Liberia (Republic of)

151 0 396 0 2.6 HK - Hong Kong (Special Administrative)

136 0 373 0 2.7 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

146 0 371 0 2.5 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)

69 0 219 0 3.2 MT - Malta

8 15 103 112 12.9 7.5 MU - Mauritius (Republic of)

7 2 178 29 25.4 14.5 ?? - Invalid MID

42 0 114 0 2.7 GR - Greece

45 0 105 0 2.3 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)

30 0 80 0 2.7 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)

18 10 51 24 2.8 2.4 CN - China (People's Republic of)

6 0 64 0 10.7 ES - Spain

23 0 63 0 2.7 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain and

15 0 48 0 3.2 AG - Antigua and Barbuda

12 0 41 0 3.4 KR - Korea (Republic of)

20 0 40 0 2.0 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great

11 0 37 0 3.4 IT - Italy

3 0 35 0 11.7 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

1272 82 3922 969 3.1 11.8 Total

Mauritius (Feb 2015)

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Ship statistics per Country EEZ

Madagascar (Feb 2015)

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Country

197 0 534 0 2.7 PA - Panama (Republic of)

168 0 476 0 2.8 LR - Liberia (Republic of)

132 0 356 0 2.7 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic

136 0 350 0 2.6 HK - Hong Kong (Special

126 0 324 0 2.6 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

72 0 233 0 3.2 MT - Malta

2 8 5 199 2.5 24.9 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)

42 0 116 0 2.8 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of)

39 0 115 0 2.9 GR - Greece

17 0 90 0 5.3 KR - Korea (Republic of)

4 1 87 2 21.8 2.0 MG - Madagascar (Republic of)

6 0 72 0 12.0 JP - Japan

27 0 65 0 2.4 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)

4 0 58 0 14.5 LU - Luxembourg

16 0 53 0 3.3 AG - Antigua and Barbuda

21 0 52 0 2.5 GB - United Kingdom of Great Britain

13 9 30 21 2.3 2.3 CN - China (People's Republic of)

12 0 47 0 3.9 IT - Italy

4 1 33 9 8.3 9.0 RE - Reunion (French Department of)

16 0 40 0 2.5 BM - Bermuda - United Kingdom of Great

. . . . . .

------------+ ------------+ ------------

1163 21 3523 250 3.0 11.9 Total

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Ship statistics per Country EEZ

Somalia (Feb 2015)

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Country

35 0 106 0 3.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)

10 0 81 0 8.1 TG - Togolese Republic

20 0 57 0 2.9 LR - Liberia (Republic of)

17 0 54 0 3.2 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

16 12 31 21 1.9 1.8 IN - India (Republic of)

6 0 52 0 8.7 SL - Sierra Leone

4 0 34 0 8.5 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)

2 1 31 2 15.5 2.0 KM - Comoros (Union of the)

2 0 30 0 15.0 KH - Cambodia (Kingdom of)

5 0 25 0 5.0 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth

1 0 24 0 24.0 KR - Korea (Republic of)

13 0 23 0 1.8 GB - United Kingdom of Great

4 0 22 0 5.5 TZ - Tanzania (United

4 0 19 0 4.8 US - United States of America

4 0 15 0 3.8 JP - Japan

13 0 14 0 1.1 MT - Malta

3 0 14 0 4.7 PW - Palau (Republic of)

1 0 11 0 11.0 DJ - Djibouti (Republic of)

1 0 10 0 10.0 CK - Cook Islands - New Zealand

3 0 9 0 3.0 ?? - Invalid MID

------------+ ------------+ ------------

215 13 759 23 3.5 1.8 Total

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Flag presence in the entire region 20 most present Flags:

---# Ships-- -# ShipDays- -#Days/Ship-

A B A B A B Flag

720 1 5558 28 7.7 28.0 PA - Panama (Republic of)

558 0 4304 0 7.7 LR - Liberia (Republic of)

451 1 3598 11 8.0 11.0 MH - Marshall Islands (Republic of the)

392 2 3174 2 8.1 1.0 SG - Singapore (Republic of)

56 110 499 2239 8.9 20.4 TW - Taiwan (Province of China)

366 0 2654 0 7.3 HK - Hong Kong (Special

242 0 2029 0 8.4 MT - Malta

155 0 1135 0 7.3 BS - Bahamas (Commonwealth of the)

40 31 525 558 13.1 18.0 ZA - South Africa (Republic of)

131 0 996 0 7.6 GR - Greece

107 5 774 50 7.2 10.0 GB - United Kingdom of Great Bri

72 28 489 273 6.8 9.8 CN - China (People's Republic of)

76 0 725 0 9.5 CY - Cyprus (Republic of)

67 0 715 0 10.7 AG - Antigua and Barbuda

34 5 516 120 15.2 24.0 VC - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

64 2 612 15 9.6 7.5 SA - Saudi Arabia (Kingdom of)

51 3 481 72 9.4 24.0 JP - Japan

50 0 528 0 10.6 KR - Korea (Republic of)

27 1 486 28 18.0 28.0 TZ - Tanzania (United Republic of)

29 6 453 53 15.6 8.8 ?? - Invalid MID

. . . . . . … other Flags

------------+ ------------+ ------------

4580 325 38899 4711 8.5 14.5 Total

Total: 111 Flags seen in the whole area in Feb 2015 4905 Ships, staying on average 9 days in the region

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The basic data:

Ship self-reporting systems

Globally mandated by UN-IMO (International Maritime Organisation)

For ships > 300 GT (approx. > 45 m)

1. AIS

• Automatic Information System

• VHF broadcast of position, minutes frequency

• Received by any receiver on coast or in space

2. LRIT

• Long Range Identification and Tracking

• Satcom message, 6 hourly

• Received by Flag State only

5. Data sources and their contributions

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Sources of ship position reports

Satellite AIS

Coastal AIS

LRIT EU Flags

Monthly ship density (Feb 2015)

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• Satellite AIS

• Government: Norway (Norwegian Coastal Administr’n, FFI)

• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace, SpaceQuest

• Total: up to 17 satellites

• Coastal AIS

• Government: MSSIS (U.S. Min. of Transport and U.S. Navy)

• Commercial: exactEarth, Orbcomm/LuxSpace

• LRIT

• Government: Flags that use the EU LRIT Data Centre via EMSA

Sources of ship position reports

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Messages in one day (1 Jan 2015)

Sat AIS

Class A

456k

Sat AIS

Class B

7k

LRIT

EU Flag

0.6k

Coast AIS

Class A

75k

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# Ships each day

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Additional # ships each day

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Additional value of AIS satellites

Gulf of Guinea, Jan 2013 - # Ships seen per day

8 Satellites: exactEarth, SpaceQuest,

LuxSpace, Orbcomm, Norway

This analysis, done

for the Gulf of Guinea

in 2013, is now being

done for the PMAR-

MASE area

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# Days seen Sat AIS

Class A

LRIT

EU Flag

Sat AIS

Class B

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# Msg / Day Sat AIS

Class A

LRIT

EU Flag

Sat AIS

Class B

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PMAR positions in SeaVision

SeaVision, Sat-AIS off

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PMAR positions in SeaVision

SeaVision, Sat-AIS off + PMAR positions

Technical trials have been done to test that the data collected and computed by the PMAR system can also be displayed in the U.S. Navy’s SeaVision system.

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Gulf of Guinea 20 Jan 2013

17:45 UTC

Radarsat-2

Wide Fine mode 8 m resolution

150 km swath

Radarsat-2 image

© MDA 2013

This exercise that was

done in the Gulf of

Guinea, is also be done

for PMAR-MASE now

Space-based imaging of the seas: See Ships and Oil pollution

6. Satellite images

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Comparing known ships ( ) with ships detected by satellite ( , )

Satellites used:

Cosmo-Skymed – provided by Italian Space Agency

TerraSAR-X – provided by DLR

Radarsat-2 – commercial from MDA/KSAT

Gulf of Guinea, Jan-Mar 2013

50 % of the ships detected by satellite is not seen on

the reporting systems, i.e. is unknown to the authorities

Cosmo-Skymed Provided by Italian Space Agency

TerraSAR-X Provided by DLR

Radarsat-2 Commercial from MDA/KSAT

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Satellite images for ship detection

Locations of satellite

radar images (blue

squares) that are being

collected during the

period 15 Aug – 9 Sep

2015, to probe for the

presence of non-

reporting ships

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Satellite images for ship detection

Some images of the

EU’s Sentinel-1 satellite

around Madagascar

collected in 2014-2015

The analysis of satellite

images to estimate the

amount of non-

reporting ships is

ongoing at the moment

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MSA enablers – Data sources

Data Area Update Cost/km2

Coastal AIS Territorial Continuous $

Coastal radar Waters Continuous $$$

LRIT Regional <6 hr $

VMS EEZ 2 hr $$

Sat-AIS Global 1-4 hr $$

Sat images 50-400km 1-10 day $...$$$

in real time .. .. $$$

Call-in reports HRA 1 day $$

Patrol boats TTW-EEZ ++ day $$$$

Future systems (Light AIS, …)

7. Conclusions

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• PMAR demonstrates what level of MSA (Maritime Situational Awareness) is achievable at regional scales

• For counter-piracy, bridging the current gap between

MSA maintained by foreign naval forces

• For maritime security, building up a maritime surveillance culture

Regionally owned MSA

Conclusions

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• Shifting interest from counter-piracy to more general maritime security

• Fisheries monitoring, illegal activities, …

• Current PMAR-MASE project ends Oct 2015

• Collect user experiences and feedback

• Specify requirements for MSA systems for the region

• Possible next steps

• Operational use in regional / national centre

• Commercial service ( maritime picture)

• Continued technical support from JRC

Way ahead

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