Think and imagineThink and imagine

““If we could shrink the earth’s population to If we could shrink the earth’s population to a village of precisely 100 people, with all the a village of precisely 100 people, with all the existing human ratios remaining the same, it existing human ratios remaining the same, it would look similar to this:would look similar to this:

57 Asians; 21 Europeans; 14 from the 57 Asians; 21 Europeans; 14 from the western Hemisphere; 8 Africans; 52 would western Hemisphere; 8 Africans; 52 would be female; 48 would be male; 70 would be be female; 48 would be male; 70 would be non white; 30 would be white; 70 would be non white; 30 would be white; 70 would be non-Christian; 30 would be Christian; 89 non-Christian; 30 would be Christian; 89 would be heterosexual; 11 would be would be heterosexual; 11 would be homosexual; homosexual;

6 people would possess 59% of the entire 6 people would possess 59% of the entire world’s wealth and all 6 would be from the world’s wealth and all 6 would be from the United States; 80 would live in United States; 80 would live in substandard housing; 70 would be unable substandard housing; 70 would be unable to read; 50 would suffer from malnutrition; to read; 50 would suffer from malnutrition; 1 would be near death; 1 would be near 1 would be near death; 1 would be near birth; 1 would have a college education; 1 birth; 1 would have a college education; 1 would own a computer. would own a computer.

When one considers our world from such an When one considers our world from such an incredibly compressed perspective, the incredibly compressed perspective, the need for both tolerance and understanding need for both tolerance and understanding becomes glaringly apparent.”becomes glaringly apparent.”

““Never take someone for granted. Never take someone for granted. Hold every person close to your Hold every person close to your heart because you might wake up heart because you might wake up one day and realize that you’ve one day and realize that you’ve lost a diamond while you were too lost a diamond while you were too busy collecting stones.”busy collecting stones.”

““If peace inspires love and love is If peace inspires love and love is happiness, why are we destroying happiness, why are we destroying peace?”peace?”

““What we do today reflects on what we What we do today reflects on what we will do in the future.”will do in the future.”

Assignment: Answer the following questions Assignment: Answer the following questions directly but substantially.directly but substantially.

1.1. What makes a human being different from What makes a human being different from other created being?other created being?

2.2. When do we practice the Golden Mean-When do we practice the Golden Mean-moderation?moderation?

3.3. What is the meaning of “Know Thyself”?What is the meaning of “Know Thyself”?4.4. Is the study of Philosophy relevant to your life Is the study of Philosophy relevant to your life

and to your course? How?and to your course? How?5.5. What are the roles of philosophy?What are the roles of philosophy?6.6. What is the philosophical meaning of death?What is the philosophical meaning of death?7.7. What is the philosophical meaning of love?What is the philosophical meaning of love?8.8. How is the philosophy of man related to your How is the philosophy of man related to your

work?work?

Man and FreedomMan and Freedom

Man has “Free Will”. It is man’s natural Man has “Free Will”. It is man’s natural legacy…you act according to the demands legacy…you act according to the demands of your world.of your world.

Robert Johann says...free will is identical Robert Johann says...free will is identical with your “selfhood” and “you have it with your “selfhood” and “you have it simply by being a person.”simply by being a person.”

Freedom of ChoiceFreedom of Choice

It is the freedom to choose between It is the freedom to choose between alternatives. Fransen call it “the capacity alternatives. Fransen call it “the capacity to accept or refuse any activity and to do to accept or refuse any activity and to do either this or that.”either this or that.”

Fundamental OptionFundamental Option

“ “The basic freely accepted and intended The basic freely accepted and intended involvement of a person as such.” Franseninvolvement of a person as such.” Fransen

What kind of person you will be?What kind of person you will be?Are you for God or against God?Are you for God or against God?Are you for authentic or inauthentic?Are you for authentic or inauthentic?A free decision, a definitive commitment of A free decision, a definitive commitment of

your “wholeness toward the wholeness of your “wholeness toward the wholeness of life”.life”.

Freedom and SituatednessFreedom and Situatedness

Human freedom is “situated or conditioned”Human freedom is “situated or conditioned”

-human freedom does not start with a blank -human freedom does not start with a blank sheet;sheet;

-freedom involves “the immediate concrete -freedom involves “the immediate concrete set of circumstances in which they exist set of circumstances in which they exist before the use of freedom.before the use of freedom.

Freedom and determinismFreedom and determinism

Determinism is the opposite of being free.Determinism is the opposite of being free.

Sources of determinism 1. biological Sources of determinism 1. biological influences, 2. social pressure, and 3. the influences, 2. social pressure, and 3. the unconscious.unconscious.

Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedom and Responsibility

“ “It is not right to do what you want to It is not right to do what you want to do; nor is it right to do what you must do; nor is it right to do what you must do; rather it is the right to do what you do; rather it is the right to do what you ought to do.” Fulton Sheen on ought to do.” Fulton Sheen on Freedom.Freedom.

Freedom is more than its corollary Freedom is more than its corollary responsibility. responsibility.

Being responsible does not automatically Being responsible does not automatically make you do responsible actions. Knowing make you do responsible actions. Knowing the rules of the school does not prevent the rules of the school does not prevent you from throwing your trash anywhere.you from throwing your trash anywhere.

What is genuine responsibility?What is genuine responsibility?

““The ability to give an account.” JohannThe ability to give an account.” Johann

Meaning: “I can actually justify my actions as Meaning: “I can actually justify my actions as truly responsible to the objective demands truly responsible to the objective demands of the situation.”of the situation.”

To respond is to answer, to commit myself.To respond is to answer, to commit myself.

Our neighbors: love and justice: to our Our neighbors: love and justice: to our world: stewardship; and to the Absolute: world: stewardship; and to the Absolute: worship.worship.

Freedom = moral responsibilityFreedom = moral responsibility

To respond is to decide your course of To respond is to decide your course of action..action..

““At the core of human freedom lies the At the core of human freedom lies the phenomenon of decision.” Existentialistsphenomenon of decision.” Existentialists

““I am my liberty.” Sartre I am my liberty.” Sartre

We are really the way we act, the way we We are really the way we act, the way we choose to act.choose to act.

Freedom always involves risk. People Freedom always involves risk. People change. change.

Human nature dynamic and evolutionary Human nature dynamic and evolutionary and open.and open.

The challenge is a never ending task.The challenge is a never ending task.

The call to put the other and the Absolute The call to put the other and the Absolute infront of self.infront of self.

Being lovers of freedom…involves Being lovers of freedom…involves “kagitingan”. This is the truth for us as a “kagitingan”. This is the truth for us as a people. Example in Myanmarpeople. Example in Myanmar

That the misery of the people must be That the misery of the people must be blamed on the rulers and not the people. blamed on the rulers and not the people. Simply because they do not have freedom.Simply because they do not have freedom.

Yes they are not responsible for their Yes they are not responsible for their misfortunes…misfortunes…

True…but in a way they have also a large True…but in a way they have also a large part in the continuation of such disorder. part in the continuation of such disorder. They are partly to be blame for allowing They are partly to be blame for allowing the military junta to terrorize them, for their the military junta to terrorize them, for their loss of freedom and not doing anything…loss of freedom and not doing anything…

When is a human being responsible for his When is a human being responsible for his actions?actions?

When we really value our personal identity.When we really value our personal identity.

When we really accept that it is our action When we really accept that it is our action and will as an agent.and will as an agent.

When we as doer are supposed to be When we as doer are supposed to be intelligent.intelligent.

When we as doer must be a moral agent.When we as doer must be a moral agent.

Man and DialogueMan and Dialogue

Dialogue is more than two persons talking Dialogue is more than two persons talking each other.each other.

Dominic Dubarle: Dominic Dubarle:

....aims at intellectual agreement- true ....aims at intellectual agreement- true knowledge;knowledge;

....involves philosophical, religious and ....involves philosophical, religious and political convictions- interpersonal political convictions- interpersonal relationship.relationship.

Martin Buber:Martin Buber:

Genuine dialogue: to listen, to be Genuine dialogue: to listen, to be open to the world, to observe, to open to the world, to observe, to be aware of everything including be aware of everything including flowers and animals, not just of flowers and animals, not just of persons.persons.

Faith and understanding begins when we Faith and understanding begins when we begin to put down the dictionary. begin to put down the dictionary.

In dialogue it is God who speaks- one In dialogue it is God who speaks- one identity, the One.identity, the One.

If someone speaks to us, we should respond If someone speaks to us, we should respond and this is the essence of responsibility.and this is the essence of responsibility.

The life of dialogue is the turning towards The life of dialogue is the turning towards the other- as person. This is relationship of the other- as person. This is relationship of the I and the Thou; it is an openness a the I and the Thou; it is an openness a movement of love.movement of love.

The Human being as LoverThe Human being as Lover

Teilhard de ChardinTeilhard de ChardinTrue love desires the other’s good. All True love desires the other’s good. All

beings are attracted to what is good and is beings are attracted to what is good and is repelled by what is bad.repelled by what is bad.

Inwardness of things....interior organization- Inwardness of things....interior organization- the greatest brain.the greatest brain.

Erich FrommErich FrommTheory of love: the problem of human Theory of love: the problem of human

existence is separation, alienation. The existence is separation, alienation. The answer is Loveanswer is Love

Elements of loveElements of love

care, responsibility, respect and care, responsibility, respect and knowledgeknowledge

Practice of love:Practice of love:

Requirements.....discipline, concentration, Requirements.....discipline, concentration, patience, supreme concern.patience, supreme concern.

Other qualities needed to love well are Other qualities needed to love well are overcoming one’s narcissism, objectivity, overcoming one’s narcissism, objectivity, humility and faith.humility and faith.

Gorospe, SJGorospe, SJ

Love is mutual or reciprocalLove is mutual or reciprocal

Love must be expressedLove must be expressed

Love is better to share/give than to Love is better to share/give than to receive.receive.

Love is creative; participative.Love is creative; participative.

People in love must have something in People in love must have something in common... This is God.common... This is God.

Love is an eros-agape relationship.Love is an eros-agape relationship.

desire-friendshipdesire-friendship

Salamat Po!!!!Salamat Po!!!!

Man and the AbsoluteMan and the Absolute

Limang Landas (Santo Tomas)Limang Landas (Santo Tomas)

1. Unang landas ay nakabatay sa 1. Unang landas ay nakabatay sa pagbabago...anumang na nagbabago ay pagbabago...anumang na nagbabago ay pinagbabago ng iba. Titigil tayo sa Unang Sanhi pinagbabago ng iba. Titigil tayo sa Unang Sanhi ng pagbabago na walang kasunod na sanhi. ng pagbabago na walang kasunod na sanhi. Ang unang Sanhi ng pagbabago na hindi Ang unang Sanhi ng pagbabago na hindi sumasailalim sa pagbabago...ito ay kinikilala ng sumasailalim sa pagbabago...ito ay kinikilala ng lahat bilang Diyos. (The Unchanged-change)lahat bilang Diyos. (The Unchanged-change)

2. Landas batay sa kalikasan ng 2. Landas batay sa kalikasan ng pagsasanhi...sanhi ng bagay-bagay sa pagsasanhi...sanhi ng bagay-bagay sa isang maayos na serye. Gayunpaman isang maayos na serye. Gayunpaman man, ang serye ng sanhi ay dapat tumigil man, ang serye ng sanhi ay dapat tumigil sa isang unang sanhi. Ang pag iral ng sa isang unang sanhi. Ang pag iral ng isang Unang Sanhi na siyang binibigyan isang Unang Sanhi na siyang binibigyan ng pangalang Diyos. (The Uncaused-ng pangalang Diyos. (The Uncaused-Cause)Cause)

3. Landas batay sa posibleng par-iral at sa 3. Landas batay sa posibleng par-iral at sa nararapat na pag-iral. Walang anumang nararapat na pag-iral. Walang anumang umiiral na, walang nagpa-iral nito; at umiiral na, walang nagpa-iral nito; at kinakailangang may umiiral na nararapat kinakailangang may umiiral na nararapat ang pag-iral. Ngayon dapat aminin na ang pag-iral. Ngayon dapat aminin na mayroong umiiral ng buong karapatan at mayroong umiiral ng buong karapatan at hindi at hindi dahil sa iba ang pag-iral niya hindi at hindi dahil sa iba ang pag-iral niya kundi sa sarili Niya at sa katunayan Siya kundi sa sarili Niya at sa katunayan Siya ang sanhi ng pag-iral ng lahat. (The ang sanhi ng pag-iral ng lahat. (The unmoved-mover)unmoved-mover)

4. Landas batay sa pag- aantas-antas na 4. Landas batay sa pag- aantas-antas na mapapansin sa mga bagay sa mapapansin sa mga bagay sa daigdig...Higit na mabuti, higit na tutuo, daigdig...Higit na mabuti, higit na tutuo, higit na marangal. Ibat-ibang antas ng higit na marangal. Ibat-ibang antas ng paglapit sa isang pinakamataas...Umiiral paglapit sa isang pinakamataas...Umiiral ang pinakamataas, pinakamabuti, ang pinakamataas, pinakamabuti, pinakamarangal. At ito ay tinatawag nating pinakamarangal. At ito ay tinatawag nating Diyos. (The Absolute-Highest)Diyos. (The Absolute-Highest)

5. Batay sa pagkakagabay ng kalikasan. 5. Batay sa pagkakagabay ng kalikasan. Kilos sa isang layunin sumusunod sa Kilos sa isang layunin sumusunod sa batas ng kalikasan...mabuting batas ng kalikasan...mabuting patutunguhan. Ang lahat ng bagay sa patutunguhan. Ang lahat ng bagay sa kalikasan ay pinapatnubayan patungo sa kalikasan ay pinapatnubayan patungo sa layunin nila ng isang Umiiral na may pang-layunin nila ng isang Umiiral na may pang-unawa, at kinikilala natin ito bilang Diyos. unawa, at kinikilala natin ito bilang Diyos. (The Most Intelligent) (The Most Intelligent)