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(2 Hours) [Max Marks: 60

N. B.: (1) All questions are compulsory.

(2) Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary and state the assumptions made.

(3) Answers to the same question must be written together.

(4) Numbers to the right indicate marks.

(5) Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.

I. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. b. What are the factors that can be abstracted with software economics? Explain in detail. c. How can the team effectiveness be improved? Explain. d.

II. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. Enlist any ten principles of conventional process. b. Explain the significance of vision document. c. Write a short note on management perspective architecture. d. Explain the different lifecycle phases in detail.

III. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. Explain interaction workflows. b.

statement.

c. Explain different levels of evolutionary work breakdown structure d. Enlist the top seven workflows and explain any four of them in detail.

IV. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. -of- b. c. Explain the basic fields of Software Change Order with the help of a template of the

same.

d. Project software standard is to be set by organization policy. Explain the statement.

V. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. b. Write a short note on pragmatic software metrics. c. Explain the two dimensions of process discriminate with neat diagram. d. Enlist the factors of tailoring a software process framework. Explain the scale factor in

detail.

VI. Answer any two of the following: 10 a. b. Explain the steps or strategies to make error-free software. c.

d. Explain how modern process transition claims that to be fruitful.

_________________________

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I. Answer any two of the following:

a. Ans:

of large scale software systems at IEEE WENSON.

The paper made 3 primary points:- (3 marks)

1. There are 2 essential steps common to the development of computer programs: analysis and coding.

2. In order to manage and control the development of software extra steps must be introduced which are system requirements definition, software

requirements definition, program design and testing. These steps are added

in analysis and coding steps. The resulting are added in analysis and coding

steps. The resulting project profile and basic steps in developing a large scale

program.

3. testing is at end in the new waterfall model diagram which is risky and

invites failure. Therefore the resultant changes might violate the design

hence either the requirements must be modified or a substantial design

changes is warranted by breaking the software in different phases.

Suggestions to improve: (2 marks with brief explanation)

Due to these problems in the waterfall model Winston suggested 5 ways to

improve the development of the model.

1. Program design comes first:- this is the 1st step towards a fix to insert a preliminary program design phase between the software requirements and

System requirements

definition

Software requirements

definition

Analysis

Program Design

Coding

Testing

Operational

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the analysis phase. The software will not fail because of storage timing and

data fluctuations.

2. Document the design:- It is necessary to maintain complete and current documentation as the amount of documentation required by software

programs are quite a lot.

Need of documents:-

Documents are required to identify the risk.

Designer can communicate easily with interfaces, peers and customers.

Documents gives clear view about the process.

Documentation helps in creating future versions of the software.

Documentation support later modifications by later teams such as test team,

maintenance team and operations personal who are not software literate.

3. Do it twice:- if the computer program is developed for the first time, arrange matters so that the version finally developed and delivered to the customer

for operational deployment is actually the second version insofar as critical

design/operational are concerned.

development.

4. Plan, monitor and control testing:- The biggest user of project resources is the test phase. This is the phase of greatest risk in terms of cost and schedule.

In order to carryout testing the test team should be a separate team which do

not include designers and should check for visual errors and process flows.

5. Involve the customer:- It is important to involve the customer in a formal way so that he has committed himself at earlier points before final delivery

by conducting some reviews such as preliminary software review during

preliminary program design step. Critical software review during program

design. Final software acceptance.

The final diagram after improvements is as follows:-

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b. What are the factors that can be abstracted with software economics? Explain in detail?

Ans.

Five factors (5 marks)(with relevant explanation)

Software economics gives 5 fundamental features which are abstracted from

software economics which are:-

1. Size:- the size of the end product is measured in terms of the number of lines of source code or the number of function points required to develop the

required functionality.

2. Process:- Process is used to develop the end product. The process has the ability to avoid non value adding activities (rework, bureaucratic, delays,

communications overhead). Process is a support heading towards target and

eliminating essential/less important activities it is critical in determining the

software economics like component based development, application domain,

use case driven.

3. Personnel:-the capabilities of software engineering personnel and their experience with computer science issues and application domain issues of the

project.

4. Environment:- environment is made of tools and the techniques which are available to support efficient software development and to automate the

process. The example of tools available for support of software development

are:- Integrated tools, automated tools for modeling, testing, configuration,

managing change, defect tracking etc.

5. Quality: - the quality parameter of software economics includes its features, performance, reliability, maintainability, scalability, portability, user

interface utility, usability.

The relationship among these parameters and estimated cost can be

calculated by using:-

System requirements

Software requirements

Preliminary design

Analysis

Detailed design

Coding

Testing

Operational

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Effort=(personnel)(environment)(quality)(size process)

c. How can the team effectiveness be improved? Explain?

Ans:- (any 4 principles with brief explanation 2 marks)

The team effectiveness can be improved by applying the principles given by

bohem for improving the team effectiveness which are:

1. Principle of top talent:- use better and fewer people. 2. Principle of job matching: fit the tasks to the skills and motivation of the

people available.

3. principle of career progression:- an organization does best in the long run by helping its people to self actualize.

4. principle of team balance:- select people who will compliment and synchronize with one another.

5. Principle of phase out:-

In general staffing is achieved by these common methods:- (4 methods---2 marks)

a. if people are already available with required skill set just take them. b. If people are already available but do not have the required skill retrain

them.

c. If people are not available recruit skilled people. d. If you are not able to recruit skilled people recruit and train people.

Also the Project Manager must have the following skills to improve Team

Effectiveness: (Enlist any 4 skills-1 mark)

1. Hiring Skills 2. Customer-Interface Skills 3. Decision Making Skills 4. Team Building Skills 5. Selling Skills

d. Write a short note on

Ans:-

What is FP and Why FP? (1 mark)

1.There were some of the disadvantages found in method of SLOC cost estimation

technique like it was not useful or a new invention projects and not useful for fully

component based models. So FP as a measure of estimation cost of software is being

used.

2. It is one of the measure/mechanism to know the size of the project

3. it is used when it is brand new invented project and no case studies or prior

documents for refence are available for help of the project.

4. It can be used when the project is 100% customized or 100% component based.

5. It is world wide accepted forum as it has its own consortium for universal

function point.

6. the primary advantage of using function point is that this method is independent

of technology and is therefore a much better primitive unit for comparisons among

project and organizations the main disadvantage is that the primitive definitions are

abstract and measurements are not easily derived directly from the evolving

artifacts.

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7. Function points are also probably a more accurate estimator in the early phases

of the project life cycle.

About UFP (1 mark)

8. As function point has its own universal functional point these points depend on

the following table:-

Language SLOC

Ada 71

Aishell 49

Apc 32

Assembly 320

Ansi 85

Cobol 91

Fortan 77 105

Forth 64

Jovial 105

Lisp 64

C 128

C++ 29

Modulo 80

Pascal 91

Report generator 80

Spreadsheet 6

There are 5 rules used to calculate LOC they are:- (5 rules 3 marks)

a. How many number of input screen are going to be in the project:- The LOC

depends on the no of input forms/screens available for the project.

b. Number of output achieved:- The no of output achieved also helps to calculate

LOC as based on number of outputs the particular coding will be required.

c. Logical units:- It provides interaction between interfaces and logical units so

based on number of logical units provided interfaces can communicate and that too

helps in calculating LOC.

d. Interfaces:- Interfaces enable communication between different parts of the

project and can be a measure to calculate LOC.

e. Graphical user interface:- the more Gui based interfaces provided the LOC

differs so it is also a measure to calculate LOC.

In this way function point is also a metric added to calculate the cost

estimation of the project or software. It is added due to the disadvantages of SLOC

technique.

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II. Answer any two of the following:

a. Enlist any 10 principles of conventional process. Any 10 principles (out of 30) with very brief explanation-5 marks

Ans.

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b. Explain the significance of vision document? Ans:-

What is vision document? (1 mark)

Significance of Vision document (1 mark)

Template of vision document (1 mark)