Plutchik.postER
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„A mixture of any two primary emotions may be called a dyad.“ „Organisms at all evolutionary levels face certain common functional survival problems .“ joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation STIMULUS EVENT COGNITE APPRAISAL SUBJECTIVE REACTION BEHAVIORAL REACTION FUNCTION Robert Plutchik's PSYCHOEVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF BASIC EMOTIONS acceptance surprise distraction uncertainty timidity dismay tolerance serenity delight cheerfulness interest annoyance hostility fury boredom dislike aversion pensiveness gloominess grief sorrow amazement astonishment terror panic admiration extasy elation vigilance attentiveness curiosity loathing revulsion rage sadness disgust anger anticipation joy joy fear Based on the Book „EMOTION: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis“ by Robert Plutchik; Harper & Row, Publishers (1980) Visualization by Markus Drews, University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, Germany, February 2007 Supervised by Prof. Matthias Krohn trust apprehension fright dejection expectancy ANIMALS AND HUMANS EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY PROTOTYPE PATTERNS BASIC EMOTIONS COMBINATIONS HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS OPPOSITES SIMILARITY INTENSITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 SURVIVAL ISSUES Emotions serve an adaptive role in helping organisms deal with key survival issues posed by the environment. Dispite different forms of expression of emotions in different species, there are certain common elements, or prototype patterns, that can be identified. There is a small number of basic, primary or prototype emotions. All other emotions are mixed or derivative states; that is, they occur as combinations, mixtures, or compounds of the primary emotions. Primary emotions are hypothetical constructs or idealized states whose properties and characteristics can only be inferred from various kinds of evidence. Primary emotions can be conceptualized in terms of polar opposites. All emotions vary in their degree of similarity to one another. Each emotion can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal. The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals as well as humans. Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species. Postulates Combinations & Opposites Basic Emotions, Similarity, Intensity Survival Issues PRIMARY DYADS SECONDARY DYADS TERTIARY DYADS OPPOSITES joy joy trust trust love fear fear submission alarm surprise surprise disappointment sadness sadness remorse disgust disgust contempt anger anger aggression anticipation joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation joy trust fear surprise sadness disgust anger anticipation anticipation optimism guilt curiosity despair ? envy cynism pride fatalism delight sentimentality shame outrage pessimism morbidness dominance anxiety conflict conflict conflict conflict [often felt] [seldom felt] [sometimes felt] threat obstacle gain of valued object loss of valued object member of one‘s group unpalatable object new territory unexpected event „danger“ „enemy“ „possess“ „abandonment“ „friend“ „poison“ „examine“ „what is it?“ escape attack retain or repeat cry groom vomit map stop safety destroy obstacle gain resources reattach to lost object mutual support eject poison knowledge of territory gain time to orient Scientific Basis Theories of Emotions: • Psychoanalytic Theories • Brain Function Theories • Current Cognitive and Evolutionary Theories • Early Behavioristic and Arousal Theories Major Traditions in the Study of Emotions Charles Darwin William James Walter B. Cannon Siegmund Freud John B. Watson Edward C. Tolman Burrhus F. Skinner J. R. Millenson Robert Leeper Harold Schlosberg Marion A. Wenger Paul T. Young Stanley S. Schachter George Mandler Richard S. Lazarus Joseph De Rivera Sylvan S. Tomkins Carrol E. Izard J. W. Papez Paul D. MacLean Karl H. Pribram Magda B. Arnold José M. R. Delgado Manfred Clynes Sandor Rado Charles Brenner John Bowlby M. Sherman H. R. Conte Paul Ekman J. A. R. A. M. van Hooff
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Poster
Transcript of Plutchik.postER
„A mixture of any two primary emotions may be called a dyad.“ „Organisms at all evolutionary levels face certain common functional survival problems .“
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
STIMULUS EVENT
COGNITE APPRAISAL
SUBJECTIVE REACTION
BEHAVIORAL REACTION FUNCTION
Robert Plutchik's PSYCHOEVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF BASIC EMOTIONS
acceptance
surprisedistraction
uncertainty
timidity
dismay
toleranceserenity
delight
cheerfulness
interest
annoyance
hostility
fury
boredom
dislikeaversion
pensiveness
gloominess
grief
sorrow
amazement
astonishment
terrorpanic
admiration
extasy
elation
vigilance
attentiveness
curiosity
loathing
revulsion
rage
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
joyjoy fear
Based on the Book „EMOTION: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis“ by Robert Plutchik; Harper & Row, Publishers (1980) Visualization by Markus Drews, University of Applied Sciences Potsdam, Germany, February 2007 Supervised by Prof. Matthias Krohn
trust apprehension
fright
dejection
expectancy
ANIMALS AND HUMANS
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
PROTOTYPE PATTERNS
BASIC EMOTIONS
COMBINATIONS
HYPOTHETICAL CONSTRUCTS
OPPOSITES
SIMILARITY
INTENSITY
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
SURVIVAL ISSUESEmotions serve an adaptive role in helping organismsdeal with key survival issues posed by the environment.
Dispite different forms of expression of emotions in different species, there are certain common elements, or prototype patterns, that can be identified.
There is a small number of basic, primary or prototype emotions.
All other emotions are mixed or derivative states; that is, they occur as combinations, mixtures, or compounds of the primary emotions.
Primary emotions are hypothetical constructs or idealized states whose properties and characteristics can only be inferred from various kinds of evidence.
Primary emotions can be conceptualized in terms of polar opposites.
All emotions vary in their degree of similarity to one another.
Each emotion can exist in varying degrees of intensity or levels of arousal.
The concept of emotion is applicable to all evolutionary levels and applies to all animals as well as humans.
Emotions have an evolutionary history and have evolved various forms of expression in different species.
Postulates
Combinations & Opposites
Basic Emotions, Similarity, Intensity
Survival Issues
PRIMARY DYADS SECONDARY DYADS TERTIARY DYADS OPPOSITES
joy
joy
trust
trust
love
fear
fear
submission
alarm
surprise
surprise
disappointment
sadness
sadness
remorse
disgust
disgust
contempt
anger
anger
aggression
anticipation
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
joy
trust
fear
surprise
sadness
disgust
anger
anticipation
anticipation
optimism
guilt
curiosity
despair
?
envy
cynism
pride
fatalism
delight
sentimentality
shame
outrage
pessimism
morbidness
dominance
anxiety
conflict
conflict
conflict
conflict
[often felt] [seldom felt][sometimes felt]
threat
obstacle
gain of valued object
loss of valued object
member of one‘s group
unpalatable object
new territory
unexpected event
„danger“
„enemy“
„possess“
„abandonment“
„friend“
„poison“
„examine“
„what is it?“
escape
attack
retain or repeat
cry
groom
vomit
map
stop
safety
destroy obstacle
gain resources
reattach to lost object
mutual support
eject poison
knowledge of territory
gain time to orient
Scientific Basis
Theories of Emotions:• Psychoanalytic Theories• Brain Function Theories• Current Cognitive and Evolutionary Theories• Early Behavioristic and Arousal TheoriesMajor Traditions in the Study of Emotions Charles Darwin William James Walter B. Cannon Siegmund Freud
John B. Watson Edward C. Tolman Burrhus F. SkinnerJ. R. Millenson Robert Leeper Harold Schlosberg Marion A. Wenger Paul T. Young
Stanley S. Schachter George Mandler Richard S. Lazarus Joseph De Rivera Sylvan S. Tomkins Carrol E. IzardJ. W. Papez
Paul D. MacLean Karl H. PribramMagda B. Arnold José M. R. Delgado
Manfred Clynes
Sandor RadoCharles Brenner John Bowlby
M. ShermanH. R. ContePaul Ekman J. A. R. A. M. van Hooff
